波尔山羊引种初期的管理

波尔山羊是世界著名的肉用山羊品种，原产于南非，具有适应性强、生长速度快、繁殖率高、肉用特征明显等优点。我场于１９９８年元月和１１月两次从南非引进原种波尔山羊近２００只，通过一年多的引种实践发现，加强引种初期种羊的管理很重要，对增强适应性、抗病力，提高...     

我国波尔山羊改良技术获重大突破

由山西省农科院畜牧研究所副研究员罗惠娣主持研究的波尔山羊胚胎移植技术使土山羊受胎率达到69.23%,专家们认为这项技术成本低,成功率高,达到国际先进水平,为加快我国优良种羊的繁殖和土种山羊的改良开辟了广阔的前景。我国是产羊大国,其中土种山羊占60%,这种羊个小、肉少,两三年才能出栏;而波尔山羊原产南非,个大、肉香,含蛋白质高,是目前世界上最好的肉用羊。有关部门提倡引进波尔山羊等优良种羊土种羊,提高效益。土种山羊的改良工作开展后对波尔山羊需求量大,仅山西就需4万多只,而从国外引进一只就达1万多元;自然繁殖一年只生1只后代,速…     

吸收国外先进经验推动种羊业的发展

四川省波尔山羊种羊场是顺应农业部“引进波尔肉用山羊，加速我国山羊产业化进程”项目而成立的，主要承担农业部引进波尔山羊的纯种繁育和为面上改良本地山羊提供优良父本的任务。种羊场自1997年成立以来，在引进世界最著名的肉用山羊品种——南非波尔山羊的同时，重视学习、消化、利用与转化国外先进的经验，经过三年的努力，不仅在种羊生产上高效运行，增加了科技含量，受到了部省领导及有关专家的关注与好评，而且为面上利用波尔山羊改良本地山羊，提供了大量优质种羊和技术帮助，取得了良好的引智效果。1 派出去，了解、学习、观摩国外…     

抓好波尔山羊的纯繁与推广

四川省波尔山羊种羊场是农业部波尔山羊定点纯种繁育与推广基地之一,在全国畜牧兽医总站及农业部"948"办公室的支持下,1998年1月及12月先后两批引进南非波尔山羊168只,其中公羊54只,母羊114只。经过近三年的精心饲养管理,种羊群体总数超过650只,已向全国提供优质种羊447只,大大推动了我国本地山羊的改良工作。现将我场波尔山羊的纯繁饲养与推广工作作一小结。1 抓好波尔山羊的纯种繁育 搞好波尔山羊的引种训化,选育提高,向社会提供优质的种公羊,是实施农业部"引进波尔肉用山羊,加速我国山羊产业化进程"项目的基础与保证。四川省…     

肉羊品种的培育与杂交利用

自1995年起，有关单位陆续从国外引进著名的肉羊品种——波尔山羊，改良地方品种。从1997年起，我国兴起波尔山羊引种热，从南非和澳大利亚等国家大量引种。据中国海关在统计，1997年引入波尔种山羊520只，1998年引入1320只，两年共花去引种费300多万美元。由于种羊来源和出口控制等原因，从国外进口的波尔山羊生产性能参差不齐，品     

工厂化的波尔山羊胚胎移植生产基地在山东省东营市建成

本刊讯　华源禾（广东）南非波尔山羊原种场是由南非Schick Expots波尔山羊出口基地与广州华源禾畜业有限公司共同组建而成的，以澳大利亚和中国农科院有关专家、及广东省畜禽品种改良站为技术支持。现存栏纯种波尔山羊400余只，是华南地区最大的南非波尔山羊纯繁基地。 　　该公司引进澳大利亚胚胎移植技术，选用血统优秀的南非纯种波尔山羊母羊和公羊作供体羊，于2000年3月和6月分别进行了两次工厂化的波尔山羊胚胎移植。该公司已将胚胎移植生产基地移至山东省东营市，并将在2000年9月和12月分别进行两次工厂化的波尔山羊胚胎移植，每次的供体母羊数高达100只。为了提高种羊质量，该公司严格挑选供体羊和受体羊，所选的供体母羊均符合南非波尔山羊品种标准，同时选用部分南非波尔山羊协会评出的冠军公羊的后代作种公羊进行配种，受体羊为精选的鲁北白山羊。预计到2001年初，该公司可向省内外提供生长速度快、产肉性能高、血统优秀的南非原种波尔山羊后代800－1000只。     

波尔山羊胚胎移植试验

为充分提高现有进口的纯种波尔山羊种羊的利用率，加快纯种波尔山羊的生产速度和本地山羊的杂交改良步伐，逐步掌握利用现代生物技术加速生产肉用种羊的新方法，在中国科学院遗传研究所和河北农业大学的大力支持下，我场经过大量的充分准备，于２０００年１１月１６日开展了波尔山羊胚胎移植工作。２００１年４月１０日前后开始产羔，现报告如下： 一、材料和方法 １．供受体羊 供体羊（波尔山羊）由南非、澳大利亚进口，引入我场７个月后开始胚胎移植。共１９只成羊，其中公４只，母１５只。 受体羊是从唐山丰南市收购的经产奶山羊，年龄２…     

我国纯种波尔山羊达三千余只

我国截至目前已从国外引进和自繁３ ０００余只纯种波尔山羊，并改良当地山羊产生杂交后代４０余万只。波尔山羊原产南非，号称“世界肉羊之王”，具有体格大、生长发育快、肉用品质较好的品种特性。据对比测定，用波尔山羊杂交改良一代本地山羊，３个月就长到２０ｋｇ，９～１０个月长到４５～５０ｋｇ，饲养一只波尔山羊增加收入８０～１２０元。我国纯种波尔山羊达三千余只     

常年供优质波尔山羊 定期办波尔山羊培训

安徽省波尔山羊纯繁场，也是安徽唯一的国家级重点种畜禽场及全国波尔山羊育种组协作单位。现存栏南非波尔羊254只，可常年提供纯正优质种羊。     

波尔山羊引种效果试验

波尔山羊是南非育成的大型肉羊品种,具有肉质好,繁殖力强,屠宰率高等优良特性.平阳县为发展山羊生产,曾先后引进纯种波尔山羊和杂种羊,为探讨波尔山羊的引种效果,特进行本试验.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.