猪流感的监测及其公共卫生意义

猪流感（swine influenza,SI）是由猪流感病毒（swine influenza virus,SIV）引起的猪急性、高度接触传染性、群发性呼吸道疾病。临床以突发、高热、咳嗽、呼吸困难为特征,是目前危害养猪业的重要呼吸道疾病之一,给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。虽然流感病毒具有一定的宿主特异性,但越来越多的资料表明,猪作为流感病毒的＂混合器＂,在流感病毒跨种属障碍而感染新宿主的过程中起着重要的作用。因此,对猪流感的监测不仅对控制其发生和流行具有重要意义,而且其作为人流感的预警信号已引起各国的广泛关注,具有重要的公共卫生意义。     

冬季猪呼吸道疾病的防治策略

冬季天气寒冷导致猪呼吸道疾病频发,临床常见,如果得不到科学合理治疗会导致猪呼吸道疾病反复发作。1冬季猪呼吸道疾病的种类1.1猪流行性感冒是由流感病毒引起。群体发病,体温升高到41℃以上,咳喘流鼻涕,减食、不食,多由圈舍保温不当引起。     

猪流行性感冒的诊治

猪流行性感冒（Swine influenza，SI），简称猪流感。是由A型流感病毒引起的猪的一种急性、高度接触性、传染性呼吸道疾病，传播迅速．呈流行性或人流行性。其特征为突然发生、发热、急性呼吸道症状（咳嗽、呼吸困难等）、衰竭及迅速康复。本病的病程、病性及严重性随病毒毒株、猪的年龄和免疫状态的不同而异。     

晚秋早冬季节猪流感的防治

流感病毒感染是世界上多数国家猪支气管间质肺炎与呼吸道疾病常见而又重要的病因,任何动物流感的典型临床特征为:突发疾病,短期发热,食欲不振,嗜睡,咳嗽,呼吸困难及鼻腔流出分泌物.随着流感病毒在猪群中的传播,临床疾病可能持续几周时间.流感病毒还可与其他病毒或细菌病原协同作用引起猪呼吸道疾病综合症(PRDC).猪流感病毒感染的病程及严重性受继发感染的病原、猪的年龄、健康状况及免疫状态的影响,也可能受流感病毒毒株的影响.     

猪流行性感冒的防治

流行性感冒（简称流感）、是由流行性感冒病毒（简称流感病毒）引起的急性、高度接触性传染病,以传播迅速、发热和伴有不同程度的呼吸道症状为特征。此病在动物存在历史已久,早在1918年,猪流感在美国大流行。1955年,瑞典、东欧各国流行马的呼吸道感染疾病时,首次从马分离到流感病毒,其后,在美国、西欧、大洋洲都有马的流感流行。此病近几年在禽类也曾广为流行,在猪上流行更为严重,常常与副猪嗜血杆菌病、高致病性猪蓝耳病、猪瘟等混合感染造成严重损失。     

猪流感与人类健康

猪流感是猪流行性感冒的简称,是由猪甲型流感病毒引起的具有高度传染性的猪的一种急性呼吸道疾病。临床特征以起病急、病程短、发病率高、死亡率低、高热40℃以上和明显的呼吸道症状为主要特征。目前发现的猪甲型流感病毒至少包括H1N1、     

一例猪呼吸道病综合征的防制措施

猪呼吸道病综合征（PRDC）是由两种或两种以上的病原（细菌、病毒、支原体、环境应激等）引起的呼吸道疾病的总称。临床特点是发病速度快，体温升高、食欲不振、咳嗽、呼吸加快、眼鼻分泌物增多，病情时好时坏，死亡率可达20％。猪呼吸道疾病综合征是生长肥育猪的一种新型呼吸道疾病，该病具有多病原性的特征，病毒主要有：蓝耳病病毒（PRRSV）、圆环病病毒（PCV2）、流感病毒（SIV）、伪狂犬病毒（PRV）、猪呼吸道冠状病毒（PRCV）等；细菌主要有：副嗜血杆菌、传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、支气管败血波氏杆菌、链球菌等：还有支原体、弓形体、猪蛔虫等；环境因素包括NH3、H2S、CO2、温度、湿度、卫生等。猪呼吸道疾病综合征传播较广，病情严重，也较难控制，如不及时控制，可造成猪只的大批死亡．损失严重。现将一起典型的病例介绍如下。     

墨西哥阿瓜斯卡连特斯（Aguas-calientes）城市猪上呼吸道中细菌性病原的存在情况

呼吸道疾病是影响猪群健康的重要疾病。猪呼吸道疾病综合征（PRDC）是由多种病原引起的一种肺炎,以体重下降和死亡为主要特征。引起该病的多种病原（包括细菌和病毒）共同作用引发猪呼吸道疾病。     

猪呼吸道综合征的诊疗与预防对策

猪呼吸道综合征（PRDC）又称多病因呼吸道疾病（MRD）或复合病因呼吸道疾病（RDCE）,主要是病毒性、细菌性、寄生虫疾病等引起的综合征,以及两种或两种以上混合感染引起的呼吸道疾病的总称。     

猪流行性感冒的诊治

猪流行性感冒简称猪流感。是由A型流感病毒引起的猪的一种急性、高度接触性、传染性呼吸道疾病,传播迅速,     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。