秸秆还田与施钾对华北低产潮土区作物产量及土壤钾素的影响

在华北平原的低产田上,研究了3年秸秆还田和施钾肥对小麦-玉米作物产量和耕层土壤钾素状况的影响。结果表明,相对于NP处理,NPK和NPK+秸秆还田(St)处理对小麦和玉米均有显著的增产效果;NPK+St处理增产最为明显,而且降低了年度间的产量变异系数。秸秆还田可以显著增加土壤速效形态钾含量。同季作物种植下,NPK+St处理的钾肥利用率、钾肥农学效率和钾肥偏生产力都高于NPK处理。NPK+St能提高0～20 cm耕层土壤速效钾、非交换性钾、矿物态钾和全钾含量。因此,秸秆还田有利于土壤不同形态钾素的稳定和增加,而NPK+St处理不仅能保证作物高产稳产,还能提高土壤各形态钾素含量。     

稻油轮作茬口土壤不同形态钾素含量的动态变化研究

开展稻油轮作茬口土壤不同形态钾素动态变化研究,揭示茬口土壤的真实供钾能力,为钾肥的合理施用提供理论依据。本文采用培养试验和田间试验相结合的方法,在水稻收获后连续不定期取土壤样品,测定不同形态钾素含量。结果表明:培养试验中沙洋和武汉土壤醋酸铵-钾含量表现出上升的趋势,土壤沸硝酸-钾、冷硝酸-钾和四苯硼钠-钾含量变化不明显,表明水稻收获后土壤非交换性钾向交换性钾转化,但有效钾总量保持不变。田间试验条件下,沙洋和武汉土壤醋酸铵-钾含量显著增加,其他形态的钾素含量有增加的趋势,这可能与秸秆钾的释放等环境因素有关。两种试验条件下,武穴土壤不同形态的钾含量变化均不显著,说明茬口土壤有效钾含量的变化因土壤性质而异。可见,水稻-油菜茬口土壤有效钾含量在水稻收获后有升高的趋势,其增幅受土壤类型和秸秆还田量等环境因素的影响。     

秸秆还田对水稻土黏土矿物组成和钾素释放的影响

以湖北省武穴市和荆州市长期定位试验为对象,利用X射线衍射、选择性浸提以及室内模拟等方法,研究秸秆还田下水稻土中黏土矿物组合的差异及钾素的释放。结果表明,长期秸秆还田,土壤中伊利石和高岭石增加,蛭石和1.4 nm过渡矿物(HIV)减少;长期秸秆还田配施氮磷钾肥,土壤中高岭石、蛭石和HIV增加,伊利石和绿泥石减少。长期秸秆还田,土壤中全钾、非交换性钾和交换性钾含量均增加,且土壤各形态钾素与伊利石含量呈显著正相关,与高岭石和HIV含量则呈显著负相关。0.05 mol L~(-1)草酸浸提下,土壤钾素的释放量和释放速率较大,且随浸提次数的增加,钾素的释放速率逐渐降低并保持稳定。土壤钾素的释放量与土壤非交换性钾和全钾含量呈显著正相关,伊利石和HIV是影响供试土壤钾素释放的主要黏土矿物,且二者间存在相互转化的关系。长期秸秆还田可以增加土壤的供钾能力。     

土区长期施肥对小麦-玉米轮作体系钾素平衡与钾库容量的影响

本文研究了土区小麦-玉米轮作体系长期氮磷钾化肥不同配合施用方式及氮磷钾化肥与秸秆或有机肥配合施用对钾素平衡以及土壤钾库的影响。试验包括9个处理,分别为不施肥（CK）、单施氮（N）、氮钾（NK）、磷钾（PK）、氮磷（NP）、氮磷钾（NPK）、氮磷钾配合一季秸秆还田（SNPK）、氮磷钾配合低量有机肥（M1NPK）和高量有机肥（M2NPK）。结果表明,除NK、PK和M2NPK处理外,其它处理小麦和玉米钾的携出量均大于钾的投入量,导致土壤钾素处于亏缺状态,20年累计亏缺量为6174333 kg/hm2。与试验前相比,长期施肥种植没有显著影响土壤全钾含量; 长期施用钾肥显著提高土壤速效钾含量,但长期不施钾肥处理的土壤速效钾含量也未显著降低; 无论施钾与否土壤非交换性钾（Mactotal K）以及非交换性钾中更容易被HNO3溶解提取的钾（Step K）均明显低于试验前水平。表明土壤非交换性钾可以作为该土壤钾素消耗的指标。考虑到施钾肥的经济投入和现有资源高效利用（如秸秆、有机肥）,从长远的角度出发,维持土壤钾素肥力以及土地可持续生产力,土区小麦-玉米轮作体系采用秸秆全部还田或施有机肥是必要的。     

长期施钾与秸秆还田对西北区不同种植制度下作物产量及土壤钾素的影响

研究了在西北地区代表性的灌淤土、栗钙土上连续13年施用钾肥和小麦秸秆还田对作物产量和耕层土壤钾素的影响。结果表明,施用化学钾肥和小麦秸秆还田能显著增加宁夏轮作种植制度下作物产量,表现为:氮磷钾肥配合秸秆还田只施用氮磷钾肥氮磷肥配合秸秆还田只施用氮磷肥;且作物种类对施钾措施的显效时间上有差异,而钾素投入对青海点小麦产量无显著作用。宁夏点作物年际间产量变异系数低于青海点,小麦的产量变异系数大于玉米但钾肥产量效应却低于玉米。两定位点除氮磷钾+秸秆还田外,其余处理土壤钾素均表现亏缺,轮作制度下土壤钾素亏缺量较小麦单作制大。两定位点施钾或秸秆还田处理的水溶性钾、非特殊吸附钾、非交换性钾和全钾含量均不同程度高于只施氮磷处理;除矿物钾外,其余几种形态钾比例均高于氮磷处理,特殊吸附钾不受施钾措施的影响。与定位开始相比,两种类型土壤各形态钾含量和比例随时间变异特点不同,与原始土壤钾素状况及种植制度密切相关。     

不同含钾物料对土壤钾素含量动态变化影响

采用土培试验方法,以稻草、稻草灰、硅钙钾肥、枸溶性钾肥和氯化钾肥5种含钾物料为试验材料,分别用蒸馏水、1 mol/L中性醋酸铵、2 mol/L冷硝酸、1 mol/L沸硝酸浸提测定土壤各种形态钾素,评估不同含钾物料施用对土壤钾素含量的影响。结果表明,施用含钾物料可以显著提高土壤各形态钾素含量,在等量钾素投入条件下,含钾物料的供钾能力表现出一定的差异。各含钾物料土壤水溶性钾、醋酸铵钾释放速率高低表现为氯化钾肥、稻草灰稻草、硅钙钾肥和枸溶性钾肥;与土壤水溶性钾和醋酸铵钾变化不同,土壤冷硝酸钾含量在培养前期以稻草灰、氯化钾肥和硅钙钾肥的处理显著高于枸溶性钾肥和稻草处理,但随着枸溶性钾肥和稻草钾素的释放,培养后期各处理之间差异不显著;相比于土壤水溶性钾、醋酸铵钾和冷硝酸钾含量而言,土壤沸硝酸钾含量最高,其中培养前期以稻草灰处理的土壤沸硝酸钾含量较高,稻草处理的土壤沸硝酸钾含量较低,两者含量差值可达83.75 mg/kg,经过156天培养后,其含量差值仅为6.91 mg/kg,处理间差异不显著。综合结果说明,稻草灰和氯化钾肥具有同等释放水溶性钾和醋酸铵钾的效果,其次是稻草处理,均可作为速效钾肥施用,而枸溶性钾肥和硅钙钾肥具有缓效释放特性,可与速效钾肥配合施用确保作物整个生育期对钾素的需求。     

长期施肥下潮土速效钾含量与钾素投入水平关系

以郑州潮土肥力与肥料效益长期试验为基础,分析了长期施肥条件下土壤速效钾含量演变特征及其与钾素投入量的关系。结果表明,在不施钾肥条件下,土壤速效钾含量先逐年下降,810年后稳定在60 mg/kg左右; 施用钾肥和有机肥均可以显著提高土壤速效钾含量; 土壤速效钾含量与钾素投入量之间具有显著的正相关关系。单施化肥的NPK处理每投入钾1 kg/hm2,土壤速效钾含量增加0.007 mg/kg; 而化肥配施有机肥或玉米秸秆处理每投入钾1 kg/hm2,土壤速效钾含量分别增加0.025和0.014 mg/kg。从提升土壤钾素供应能力的角度而言,化肥配合施用有机肥或秸秆还田是值得推广的培肥措施。     

施肥方式对砂姜黑土钾素利用及盈亏的影响

以砂姜黑土长期施肥试验为平台,研究砂姜黑土冬小麦—夏大豆轮作系统下作物钾素吸收量、钾素回收率、土壤钾素盈亏量和速效钾含量的演变特征,探明土壤速效钾与外源钾投入、土壤累积钾盈亏的响应关系,分析不施肥(CK)、常规化肥(CF)、化肥+麦秆(SCF)、化肥+猪粪(PCF)、化肥+牛粪(CCF)等施肥方式对土壤钾素利用及盈亏的影响,以期探寻砂姜黑土地区高产高效的施钾方式。结果表明:29 a作物钾素平均回收率在55.1%~66.1%,高低顺序为CCFPCFSCFCF。土壤累积钾盈亏与土壤速效钾增量呈显著线性关系(p0.05),土壤中钾素每盈余100 kg hm-2,CF、SCF、PCF和CCF处理土壤速效钾含量分别增加1.4、1.8、2.3和15.8 mg kg-1;土壤钾素投入量与速效钾含量呈显著线性关系(p0.05),CF处理每投入钾100 kg hm-2,土壤速效钾含量增加0.4 mg kg-1,而SCF、PCF和CCF处理每投入钾100 kg hm-2,土壤速效钾含量分别增加0.5、0.6和4.3 mg kg-1,这说明适当增施有机肥可提升土壤钾素的供应能力。综上所述,投入有机物料是影响土壤钾素利用的重要调控措施,长期增施有机肥可提高作物钾素回收率以及土壤中盈余的钾素向速效钾的转化能力,本试验条件下以增施牛粪效果最好,猪粪和秸秆次之。因此,砂姜黑土小麦—大豆轮作系统下秸秆养畜过腹还田是实现作物高产高效的一种推荐施钾方式。     

连续秸秆还田对水稻土中钾素形态的影响

湖北省武穴市、荆州市和武汉市三个水旱轮作长期定位试验的基础上,研究了连续秸秆还田(三地秸秆还田时间分别为9、5和3年)对不同层次(0~20 cm和20~40 cm)土壤中各形态钾素(水溶性钾、特殊吸附钾、非特殊吸附钾、非交换性钾、矿物钾、全钾)的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田能显著增加0~20 cm土层中特殊吸附钾和非特殊吸附钾的含量,两者的增量分别为9.92%~138.35%和35.57%~143.79%,其中武穴试验点的增加效果相对最好。20~40 cm土层,各处理之间变化规律不明显。土壤全钾含量表现为武穴试验点最低(2.59~3.15 g kg~(-1)),与荆州和武汉试验点差异性较大(9.45~11.91 g kg~(-1))。武穴和荆州试验点供钾能力较低(速效钾含量100 mg kg~(-1)),武汉试验点供钾能力为中等(速效钾含量在100~150 mg kg~(-1))。矿物钾和全钾呈极显著正相关(武穴、荆州和武汉试验点的相关系数分别为0.994**、0.999**、1.000**),速效钾中各组分与速效钾的相关性在三个试验点存在差异,其中还田时间越长相关性越好。     

秸秆还田方式对褐土钾素平衡与钾库容量的影响

【目的】在春玉米为主的山西省进行定位试验,探明不同秸秆还田方式对大田作物产量和耕层土壤钾素状况的影响。【方法】春玉米长期定位试验于1992~2011年在典型褐土上进行。试验设秸秆不还田(CK)、秸秆覆盖还田(SM)、秸秆粉碎后还田(SC)、过腹还田(CM)四种方式。秸秆还田量为6 t/hm2,过腹产生的湿牛粪施用量为45t/hm2。每年玉米收获期采取植物样品,用于玉米植株茎叶和籽粒钾素含量的测定;采集0—20 cm土壤样品,用于土壤各分级形态钾的测定。2011年分析测定了0—20 cm、20—40 cm、40—60 cm、60—80 cm和80—100 cm土层速效钾、缓效钾及全钾含量。【结果】1)在施用氮磷肥的基础上,不同秸秆还田方式增产显著,玉米增产幅度为11.58%~20.91%。处理之间增产幅度表现为CMSMSCCK。2)秸秆还田处理较不还田处理可不同程度提高耕层土壤水溶性钾、非特殊吸附钾、特殊吸附钾、非交换性钾、矿物钾及全钾的含量。矿物钾在全钾中的比例降低。3)与定位开始相比,连续10年秸秆还田土壤的速效钾含量明显提高,不还田对照则逐渐下降。4)不同秸秆还田方式各处理作物吸钾量明显高于施钾量,致使土壤钾素逐渐耗竭,土壤供钾能力降低;SM、SC、CM处理的钾素表观平衡系数分别为0.45、0.56、0.74。与对照相比,秸秆还田依然有利于钾素养分的收支平衡,减轻作物对土壤钾素的消耗,缓解土壤钾素肥力下降的程度。【结论】在几种秸秆还田中,以秸秆过腹还田(CM)最有利于钾素的收支平衡,减轻作物对土壤钾素的消耗,缓解土壤钾素肥力下降程度,进而维持土壤钾素肥力的稳定。     

草酸对土壤和矿物中钾素的释放规律研究

Oxalic acid plays an important role in improving the bioavailability of soil nutrients. Batch experiments were employed to examine the influences of oxalic acid on extraction and release kinetics of potassium （K） from soils and minerals along with the adsorption and desorption of soil K^＋. The soils and minerals used were three typical Chinese soils, black soil （Mollisol）, red soil （Ultisol）, and calcareous alluvial soil （Entisol）, and four K-bearing minerals, biotite, phlogopite, muscovite, and microcline. The results showed that soil K extracted using 0.2 mol L^-1 oxalic acid was similar to that using 1 mol L^-1 boiling HNO3. The relation between K release （y） and concentrations of oxalic acid （c） could be best described logarithmically as y = a ＋ blogc, while the best-fit kinetic equation of K release was y = a ＋ b√t, where a and b are the constants and t is the elapsed time. The K release for minerals was ranked as biotite 〉 phlogopite 〉〉 muscovite 〉 microcline and for soils it was in the order： black soil 〉 calcareous alluvial soil 〉 red soil. An oxalic acid solution with low pH was able to release more K from weathered minerals and alkaline soils. Oxalic acid decreased the soil K^＋ adsorption and increased the soil K^＋ desorption, the effect of which tended to be greater at lower solution pH, especially in the red soil.     

Desorption of potassium from five soils of North India using electro-ultrafiltration

Samples were collected from five soil series, developed on different parent materials and occurring widely in intensively cultivated areas of Northern India. Potassium in these soils was desorbed by electro-ultrafiltration, and collected in different fractions by applying successively higher voltages and temperature. K was also determined by extraction with M neutral ammonium acetate and M boiling nitric acid. Potassium desorption using EUF differentiated between soil series and between low K and high K soils. The K-buffering capacity of the soil was associated with soil texture.     

施钾对两种土壤钾素动态变化影响的研究

采用盆栽试验 ,研究黄土和红土母质发育的褐土中和其上种植的谷子中钾的含量变化 .结果表明 :苗期谷子吸钾很少 ,土壤钾变化也较小 ,对照处理的速效钾和缓效钾均有所增加 ,施钾处理的速效钾有所减少 ,但缓效钾大幅度增加 .拔节期至抽穗期谷子吸钾能力大为增强 ,土壤中缓效钾和速效钾急剧下降 ,达到“最低值” .成熟期谷子根系吸钾能力减弱 ,土壤缓效钾和速效钾开始回升 .     

阳离子交换膜在土壤钾释放及小麦对钾素的反应研究中的应用

A pot experiment was conducted in the growth chamber on Saskatchewan soils with different texture to determine the K release status and wheat K demand.The relationship between K uptake and soil available K extracted by cation exchange membrane(CEM-K) and the effcet of K fertilizer on wheat growth and soil available K was also evaluated.Treatments of 0,60 and 120mg K/kg were applied to sandy,low and high K loamy and clay soils,The highest yields were acieved with the application of 120mg K/kg in sandy soil and 60 mg K/kg in other soils.On the whole,the clay soil contributed K more than other soils from slowly available fraction.Regression revealed a linear relationship between the soil available K extracted by NH4OAc(Ka) and CEM-K in suspensions(r=0.93).Results also showed that CEM-K in burial and in suspensions were different not only in the amount but also in correlation with Ka or K uptake.     

A heterogeneous potassium supply enhances the leaf potassium concentration of ridge‐cultivated tobacco grown in calcareous soil

The high potassium (K)‐fixing capacity of calcareous soils with homogeneous K supply limits crop K concentration. The objective of this study was to determine the increase in the leaf K concentration of tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) with a heterogeneous K supply. Two field experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2015 with five K rates applied in homogeneous environments and one K rate applied in varying fractions of soil volume (from 0% to 100%) in heterogeneous environments. Under ridge culture, leaf biomass was not significantly affected by homogeneous (K rate) or heterogeneous (patch size) K management. Under homogeneous conditions, increasing the K supply to three times the standard rate used by farmers (249 kg K ha⁻¹) increased leaf K concentration significantly, but the effect was limited and not cost‐effective. Heterogeneous supply of K fertilizer at the standard K rate in patches of 0–40% of soil volume outperformed homogeneous K supply in terms of leaf K concentrations. Furthermore, K fertilizer mixed in intermediate soil volume fractions of 1–20% resulted in higher leaf K concentrations than the smallest (0%) and larger (30–40%) soil fractions. However, such K‐rich patch application should be managed precisely with specific placement due to the sharp reduction in available K with increasing distance from the fertilizer. To maximize the sorption of immobile K, the match between the uptake volume of the rhizosphere and the area available for K diffusion is important.     

我国北方土壤作物系统内钾素循环特征及秸秆还田与施钾肥的影响

在我国北方 13个省 (市、自治区 )的 25个点上 ,进行了 5年的钾肥定位试验。结果表明 ,我国北方土壤全钾含量地区性差异不大 ,而土壤缓效钾和土壤速效钾含量 ,西北地区土壤远高于东北和华北地区土壤 ,华北地区土壤的土壤缓效钾含量又远高于东北地区土壤 ,而土壤速效钾含量却低于东北地区土壤。在主要种植制下的代表性土壤上 ,东北、西北和华北地区不同种植制度下的作物吸钾量也存在明显差异。西北地区的作物吸钾量一般较高 ,华北地区一年两熟制的作物年吸钾量远大于东北地区的一年一熟制。秸秆还田和施钾肥对作物吸钾量有提高作用。在不施钾肥的情况下 ,土壤钾库长期处在被作物耗用的状态下 ,土壤速效钾含量逐渐下降 ,土壤缓效钾含量也有下降的趋势。施钾肥和秸秆还田配施钾肥 ,均能不同程度地减缓这种下降趋势     

土壤非交换态钾与结构态钾能够区分吗？

Nonexchangeable K (NEK) is the major portion of the reserve of available K in soil and a primary factor in determining soil K fertility. The questions of how much NEK is in soils and how to quantify total NEK in soils are so far still unclear due to the complicated effects of various minerals on K fixation. In this study, the NEK in 9 soils was extracted with sodium tetraphenylboron (NaBPh₄) for various time periods longer than 1 d. The results showed that the NEK extracted by NaBPh₄ gradually increased with time, but showed no more increase after the duration of extraction exceeded 10--20 d. As the temperature increased from 25 to 45 ^oC, the duration to obtain the maximum extraction of NEK was reduced from 20 to 10 d, and the maximum values of NEK released at both temperatures was almost the same for each soil. The maximum NEK (MNEK) of the 9 soils extracted by NaBPh4 varied from 3 074 to 10 081 mg kg^-1, accounting for 21%--56% of the total soil K. There was no significant correlation between MNEK released by NaBPh₄ and other forms of K, such as NH₄OAc-extracted K, HNO₃-extracted K and total K in soils, which indicates that NEK is a special form of K that has no inevitable relationship to the other forms of K in soils. The MNEK extraction by NaBPh₄ in this study indicated that the total NEK in the soils could be differentiated from soil structural K and quantified with the modified NaBPh₄ method. The high MNEK in soils made NEK much more important in the role of the plant-available K pool. How to fractionate NEK into different fractions and establish the methods to quantify each NEK fraction according to their bioavailability is of great importance for future research.     

Release and fixation of potassium by a loamy soil as affected by initial water content and potassium status of soil samples

To understand the contribution of non exchangeable potassium to plant nutrition the release and fixation of K was studied on a range of soil samples of varying K status, obtained from a long-term fertilizer trial. The soil samples were either air-dried or not prior to use so as to determine the influence of pretreatment on release and fixation of K. Sorption and desorption of K were measured by following the changes in solution K and exchangeable K, and calculating the relative contributions of exchangeable and non exchangeable K to K dynamics in the soil-solution systems. The change in the amount of non exchangeable K is proportional to the difference between the initially imposed concentration and the concentration for which neither sorption nor desorption occurred. Whether release or fixation occurs depends on the sign of this difference. Soils containing much K release more K than those containing little K at the same initial or final concentration in solution. The threshold exchangeable potassium and the threshold K concentration for which release becomes large increase when K content increases in the soil. For air-dried soils K-enriched soils fixed less K than those containing little K. But when kept moist the soils fixed no K. The threshold exchangeable potassium of release and the minimal exchangeable potassium, i.e. that part of exchangeable potassium extracted by ammonium acetate but which is not in exchange equilibrium with Ca, are useful criteria to assess the meaning of the exchangeable potassium when used as a fertility indicator.     

石灰性土壤有效硒浸提剂和浸提条件研究

采用外源硒加入土壤中得到硒污染土壤,6种有效硒的浸提剂NaHCO3、KH2PO4、K2SO4、EDTA、AB-DTPA和DTPA＋TEA＋CaCl2的最佳浸提时间和土液比进行了筛选,并通过盆栽试验对所选择的土壤有效硒浸提剂进行生物学校验,以找出石灰性土壤有效硒提取适宜的浸提剂及其浸提条件。结果表明,NaHCO3、KH2PO4、K2SO4、EDTA、AB-DTPA和DTPA＋TEA＋CaCl26种浸提剂有效硒浸提量都随着浸提土液比的减小而增大,且随浸提时间的增长而增大。其中NaHCO3和KH2PO4最佳土液比为1/15,振荡时间90min;K2SO4和AB-DTPA的最佳土液比为1/15,振荡时间60min;EDTA和DTPA＋TEA＋CaCl2的最佳土液比则为1/20,振荡时间30min。6种浸提剂在各自最佳的提取条件下提取的土壤有效硒量与白菜地上部分硒含量达极显著正相关,但土壤有效硒的提取量以DTPA＋TEA＋CaCl2及K2SO4最少,只占KH2PO4、AB-DTPA及EDTA提取量的14%～48%,故不适用于作为石灰性土壤有效硒的提取剂。NaHCO3适用于土壤硒含量高于5mg·kg^-1的石灰性土壤有效硒提取。KH2PO4、AB-DTPA及EDTA3种浸提剂既可提取土壤中水溶态硒,亦可提取部分的吸附态硒,提取硒数量较多,过程简单,重复性好,都可作为石灰性土壤有效硒提取的浸提剂。     

Effect of potassium fertilization on soil potassium pools and rice response in an intensive cropping system in China

In order to assess the changes in soil K pools as affected by K‐fertilizer application and the impact of the changes on K balance, grain yield, and K uptake, an experiment was conducted in Central Zhejiang Province, E China, in a continuous double‐cropping rice system. Two sites were selected: (1) the Agricultural Research Institute of Jinhua (ARI) where soil is calcareous and (2) the Shimen Research Farm (SM) where soil is acidic. Eight consecutive crops were grown (1997–2000) in ARI and five consecutive crops (1998–2000) at SM. Treatments included unfertilized control (CK) and three different fertilizer treatments (NP, NK, and NPK). Potassium extracted by ion‐exchange resin decreased from 26 mg kg^–1 to 5–10 mg kg^–1 after eight consecutive seasons of growth at the ARI site. Addition of 100 kg K ha^–1 for each rice crop was not enough to maintain initial K availability, especially in the calcareous soil at ARI site. In treatments with K, a small increase in readily available K was observed only in SM soil. The K extracted by HNO₃ also decreased significantly in the treatments without K addition and was increased slightly in the treatments with K application. In the NP treatment, the decrease in HNO₃‐K was several times greater than resin‐K, indicating that nonexchangeable K may be the major source of K supply to rice. Soil K depletion was greater for hybrid rice than for inbred rice, and this difference in K demand should be taken into account in developing fertilizer recommendations for irrigated rice.