内蒙古河套灌区灌溉入渗对地下水的补给规律及补给系数

为准确估计内蒙河套灌区灌溉水入渗补给地下水量,采用试验研究与数值模拟相结合的方法,分别根据灌水前后地下水位变化和土壤含水率变化计算了灌溉水入渗补给地下水系数,并依据土壤水动力学原理,采用数值模拟验证,得到作物生育期灌溉补给地下水系数为0.15,秋浇灌溉补给地下水系数为0.3。河套灌区地下水位埋深相对较浅,通过灌水前后的土壤含水率变化情况和数值模拟结果显示,灌水2～4 d补给地下水量达到最大,8～10 d后即完成对地下水的入渗补给,不同灌水量灌溉水入渗规律基本一致,入渗补给量和入渗时间与灌溉水量直接相关。研究结果将为确定维持灌区生态环境良性发展的引水量阈值提供参考。     

区域灌溉水利用效率测算分析

在对内蒙古通辽市科尔沁左翼中旗水资源利用现状和农业灌区用水现状进行实际调查与分析的基础上,根据首尾测算分析法的计算原理,选择代表不同灌溉方式的典型样点灌区,开展相关的田间测试试验,分别用水量平衡法和田间测试法对典型样点灌区灌溉水利用效率进行客观、科学的计算,从而得出科尔沁左翼中旗灌溉水利用效率。通过测试与评估农业灌溉中不同类型田块及不同灌溉技术下的灌溉水有效利用系数,得出样点灌区主要灌溉方式低压管灌、喷灌和膜下滴灌的灌溉水利用系数分别为0.865,0.874,0.906。在2014年的水文气象条件、灌区灌溉系统状况以及灌区的管理等综合因素条件下,科尔沁左翼中旗的灌溉水有效利用系数为0.880。计算结果符合灌区实际情况,为进一步提高灌区灌溉水有效利用效率、更好的发展灌区节水灌溉提供决策依据。     

不确定条件下考虑水循环过程的灌区多水源高效配置

灌区多水源配置涉及"大气水-地表水-土壤水-地下水"水循环过程，水文要素的变化增加了灌区多水源配置的复杂性，如何在不确定性条件下考虑农田水循环过程，将有限的不同来源的水量高效的分配到作物不同生育阶段，对促进灌区精准灌溉具有重要意义。基于此，该研究在径流与降水联合不确定性条件下，建立基于水循环过程的灌区多水源高效配置多目标模型，该模型耦合了Jensen模型与水短缺足迹模型，以实现节水增效的目的，并获得灌区高效配水方案对径流-降水联合不确定性的响应特征。结果表明：在不同径流与降水的组合情景下，基于各情景配水方案及发生概率，灌区主要生育期的综合配水量为2 241万m3，地表水与地下水的分配比例为6.5∶1，田间实际配水量占灌区可分配水量的95%；经济效益与田间配水量呈正相关关系，而水短缺足迹与田间配水量呈负相关，所构建的模型权衡了灌区经济效益、产量、蓝水利用量多个相互矛盾目标，与实际情况相比，灌区水分生产力可提高11%；不同情景下各生育阶段需要灌溉的程度不同，拔节期对缺水的敏感性最强，且水量分配变幅较大；分蘖期、拔节期和乳熟期采用以地表水灌溉为主，而抽穗期采用以地下水灌溉为主的方式可促进灌区节水增效；多水源配置方案使灌区灌溉的有效性在各情景下均呈现良好状态，可靠性在良好和中等水平之间，而灌区在灌溉的充分性方面有很大提升潜力。构建的模型能够反映水文要素的动态变化对灌区多水源配置的影响，明晰渠首引水与田间多水源配水的相互关系，并提出效益与用水效率同步提升的多水源配置方案，为灌区农业水资源的高效利用提供决策支持。     

基于改进SWAT模型的南方多水源灌区灌溉用水量模拟分析

为提出一种合理有效的南方多水源灌区灌溉用水量模拟统计方法,该文针对南方多水源灌区水循环及灌溉取水特点对SWAT模型进行改进,尤其添加了多水源自动灌溉模块用于模拟作物不同水源类型的灌水量,并统计推求灌区灌溉用水量。以浙江省浦江县通济桥水库灌区为例,应用改进SWAT构建灌区水循环模型,利用灌区出口实测月径流数据及4条干渠渠首监测的灌水量数据校正及验证模型,其中月径流在验证期的Nash-Suttclife效率系数为0.89,干渠灌溉用水量模拟值与观测值相对误差的绝对值最大不超过20%,表明改进SWAT模型具有良好的模拟效果。利用所建模型模拟分析通济桥水库灌区长系列灌溉用水量,结果显示灌区灌溉用水量呈现丰水年小、干旱年大的变化规律;除监测的骨干水源通济桥水库及浦阳江取水以外,灌溉用水量的41.40%来源于灌区内部的河道、塘堰及小型水库,说明只监测干渠渠首灌水量无法统计整个灌区灌溉用水量;随着灌区节水改造投入,灌区灌溉水利用系数提高,其灌溉用水量减少。基于改进SWAT模型进行多水源灌区灌溉用水量模拟为灌区灌溉用水量统计分析提供了一种有效的方法。     

基于系统动力学的稻田塘堰系统水转化模拟及验证

为了描述稻田塘堰系统水转化过程,以水量平衡原理为基础,建立稻田塘堰系统水转化系统动力学模型。利用漳河灌区三干渠中游区域尺度塘堰日水位观测资料对模型进行检验,模拟结果的复相关系数、Nash-Sutcliffe系数和均方根误差分别为0.90、0.79和0.155 m/d。在浅水灌溉模式下,对研究区域内塘堰调蓄方式进行动态模拟,结果表明,塘堰在完全调蓄时可以保障作物充分灌溉,在部分调蓄与不调蓄时作物分别在第72天和45天发生水分胁迫,塘堰灌溉对保证作物正常生长天数具有显著效果。当塘堰完全调蓄时,在浅水灌溉、湿润灌溉及间歇灌溉模式下,塘堰最低蓄水量占最大蓄水量的比例分别为2.0%、18.9%和41.3%,塘堰的有效水利用率分别为84.7%、80.9%和67.7%。研究可为稻田塘堰系统合理利用雨水资源、灌溉管理提供理论依据。     

排水循环灌溉驱动的稻区水循环模型与评价

排水循环灌溉可补充灌溉和减少涝水排放,具有缓解南方稻区旱涝急转和农业面源污染危害的潜力,但仍无有效的模型来模拟排水循环灌溉驱动下的水文过程。为此采用penman-monteith公式和作物系数法并考虑稻田渗漏与降雨有效性条件下应用水量平衡估算水稻灌溉需水量,改进SCS(soil conservation service)模型估算排水量,再以塘堰为对象建立调蓄排水和灌溉需水的水平衡演算模型。在漳河水库灌区应用该模型发现,水稻种植区存在大量的排水可供灌溉利用,而排水循环灌溉利用量受灌排面积比、塘堰容积率和塘堰初始蓄水率的影响;提高灌排面积比和塘堰容积率能明显提高补充灌溉率和排水再利用率,当两者达到一定值时补充灌溉率和排水再利用率便稳定在最高值,补充灌溉率高达20%;补充灌溉率随塘堰初始蓄水率的增加而缓慢增至20%,排水再利用率先随初始蓄水率的增加而稳定不变,随后逐渐降低。排水循环灌溉驱动的水循环模型为合理匹配排水循环灌溉的塘堰或排灌规模提供有效方法。     

新疆地区农业灌溉水利用系数分析

采用传统渠道断面测验法、典型灌区田间水利用系数测验、“灌区首尾”等方法,综合研究干旱灌区灌溉水利用系数。结果表明：引输水渠灌、提水井灌、喷灌、微灌、低压管道输水5种灌溉用水模式,灌溉水利用系数分别为0.370、0.687、0.795、0.860、0.800;5种模式2011年综合灌溉水利用系数所对应的全疆灌区、南疆、东疆、北疆片区分别为0.498、0.479、0.682和0.581。基于柯布-道格拉斯模型分析相关因素对综合灌溉水利用系数的影响效应,结果表明,灌溉系统大力推进渠道防渗、井灌和高效农业节水建设,对于提升灌区综合灌溉水利用系数贡献明显。研究结果为干旱新疆灌区农业用水效率和水资源总量控制管理提供了技术依据。     

河套灌区典型灌排单元农田耗水机制研究

由于耕荒地交错分布、作物插花种植、地下水埋深浅等特点,河套灌区灌溉水利用情况极为复杂。该研究以灌区典型灌排单元(农渠尺度)为研究对象,基于2 a野外试验观测数据,对整个观测区及其内部的不同作物田块分别建立水平衡方程,推求研究区平均给水度和不同作物田块腾发量,继而对研究区灌溉水利用状况及盐分归趋进行了评价分析。结果表明,研究区给水度为0.062,而仅考虑地下水位变动带的给水度为0.037;该研究提出的经验方法"上升下降法"可以较好地估算不同作物田块的腾发量;2 a中农毛渠系统输水损失水量(包括渗漏和蒸发)约占引水量的18%,灌到田间的水量占76%,直接退走的水量占6%;通过不同土地类型间地下水的横向交换,农田不但全部利用了田间灌溉水量,还通过地下水侧向流入的方式利用了约12%的渠道渗漏量,荒地利用了约65%的渠道渗漏量,排沟排走了23%;最终研究区农田腾发消耗了总引水量的78%,积累了总引入盐分的39%,荒地腾发消耗了总引水量的11%,承纳了总引入盐分的40%。研究结果可为灌区水盐管理提供依据。     

基于遥感蒸发模型的干旱区灌区灌溉效率评价

为评价干旱区灌区的灌溉效率,该文以作物生长期灌溉地的蒸散发扣除降水量作为灌溉水的有效利用量,将灌溉水有效利用量与灌溉净引水量(总引水量减去退、排水量)的比值定义为灌溉水有效利用系数。利用遥感蒸散发模型可以较为准确地估算灌溉地蒸散发,从而可以避免传统灌溉水利用系数评估中难以准确估算通过灌溉到达作物根系层水量的问题。以河套灌区为研究对象,利用遥感蒸散发模型(surface energy balance algorithm for land,SEBAL)计算了区域内灌溉地作物生育期的蒸散发量,并结合降水量与净引水量的观测资料,对节水改造以来(2000-2010年)河套灌区灌溉水有效利用系数进行了分析和评价。结果表明,灌溉水有效利用系数近年来有增加趋势,同时灌溉水有效利用系数随降水量和净引水量的减小而增大,减少供水对灌溉水有效利用系数的影响要大于灌区节水改造工程的影响。另一方面,在灌区净引水量减少的情况下,灌溉地蒸发量能够维持在较稳定的水平,反映了近年来灌区节水改造的效果较好。     

自然-社会水循环模型估算平原-丘陵-湿地区水稻种植潜力

自20世纪中叶以来在平原-丘陵-湿地区随着井灌水稻热的兴起,水稻种植面积急剧扩大甚至超过此类地区水稻种植潜力,引起了湿地面积萎缩、地下水水位下降和水质恶化等问题。为解决这些问题,该文构建自然-社会二元水循环模型揭示人类影响下的平原-丘陵-湿地区水循环机理,进而推算适宜的水稻种植面积。首先,利用数值法构建了基于栅格的分布式水文模型,然后在此模型中嵌入人类活动影响模型从而构建了二元水循环模型。根据水稻种植潜力阈值抽取河道水量极值、地下水最大埋深、地下水最大降深和最大地下水开采量等因素与旱田作物种类组合了18种情景模式。在满足控制阈值条件下,依据多年平均日降雨、蒸发和情景模式利用二元模型计算了各种情景的水田种植潜力,由潜力分析得:18种模式地下水最大埋深在5.17～7.49 m之间,地下水最大降深在1.67～3.73 m之间;水田处最大坡度范围0.028～0.053;河道引水量占河道水量的50%～70%;地下水开采比例在79%～112%间;水稻种植潜力为28.36万hm~2～54.12万hm~2,来自旱地面积为21.05万hm~2～40.32万hm~2,来自未利用地面积为5.68万hm~2～11.09万hm~2。以情景模式17为例在水田生育期内对河道生态需水量、地下水水位和旱地作物蒸发等进行了检验,验证得到:整个水稻生育期内分区流域地下水埋深均小于7.12m,开发水田的分区流域基流比最小值为33.45%,分区流域旱田平均蒸发与1990年土地类型情景下的分区流域旱田平均蒸发的比值大部分位于0.98～1.05,说明水稻生育期内情景17对河道水量和地下水水位的影响在控制范围内,对旱田蒸发影响比较小,因此情景模式17的水稻种植潜力是可行的。研究可为描述平原-丘陵-湿地区的水文循环过程和推求水田开发潜力提供依据。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.