复兴人文教育，重建人文精神

本阐述了人、人科学、人教育、人精神等几个概念，论述了当前大学教育中人教育失落、社会人精神状况不佳的客观现实，论证了知识经济时代不仅需要科学精神，还需要人精神，更需要人精神与科学精神的融合与共建，阐明了复兴人教育、人精神的对策措施。     

人力资源与人力资本辨析

人力资源和人力资本是一对既有联系又有区别的不同概念。人力资本蕴藏于人力资源本身,反映人力资源生产力方面的特征,与其它内容一起共同反映出人力资源的状况。人力资源管理和开发指向对象是蕴藏在人力资源上的人力资本,其内容就是围绕人力资本,对人力资本进行有效配置和激励,并提高其存量。     

Human stones

X-ray diffraction studies have shown that there are several different kinds of human urinary calculi, with different age, sex, period, and geographical distributions. Juvenile bladder stones are typically urate and oxalate in small boys in certain stone belts. They have disappeared in some areas, particularly in Britain, but are still common in Thailand. India. and Turkey. Their cause is unknown. Adult bladder stones, formerly common in elderly men, were largely of uric acid and were due to a faulty diet. Juvenile kidney stones are rare, except in Turkey where they are similar to juvenile bladder stones. Adult kidney stones are by far the most universally common, especially in technically developed communities. They are found in both sexes (equally at postmortem), and in the United States and in Czechoslovakia the average number of hospital entries for stones, relative to the whole population, is about 1 per 1000 per annum (increasing) although the incidence in different districts varies by 4 to 1 or more. Such stones are mainly calcium oxalates and calcium and MgNH(4) phosphates. The incidence among the administrative class is at least 20 times that among agricultural workers, relative to their numbers. Stones are reported also to be an occupational hazard for air pilots. It is probably that much more exercise and the drinking of more water to prevent kidney dehydration (spirits and coffee are not effective for this purpose) would lower the high rate of incidence. Moderate acidification would prevent phosphate supersaturation of the urine, but is not effective for oxalates. It seems certain that, once a suitable seed is formed, epitaxy is largely responsible for deposition from urines that would otherwise remain supersaturated until voided. This would explain the curioLls radial and layered texture of many stones. Laboratory experiments might suggest ways of preventing orientated overgrowth.     

Human rhodopsin

Human rhodopsin in aqueous solution has lambda(max). of 493 mmicro and is lower in the spectrum than the rhodopsins of all other known vertebrates, with the exception of certain deep-sea fishes. Its molar extinction is 40,000 +/- 800. Like other rhodopsins, it bleaches to a mixture of opsin and all-trans retinene and is resynthesized by incubating opsin with neo-b (11-cis) retinene. The regenerated rhodopsin has the same lambda(max). as the extracted pigment; this is due, therefore, not to an unusual retinene but to a characteristic human opsin. The regeneration in solution from opsin and neo-b retinene is a second-order reaction with a half-time, at 29.5 degrees C, of about 2.5 minutes. This is much faster than the synthesis of rhodopsin in the living human eye, and faster than human rod dark-adaptation; the rate of both processes in vivo must be limited by reactions which precede the union of neo-b retinene with opsin, the final step in rhodopsin synthesis. In the rods, rhodopsin is virtually in the solid state-highly oriented in close relation with other highly oriented molecules. In this situation its spectrum is displaced toward the red (lambda(max) 500 mmicro) and is narrower than in solution. For light entering the rods axially, rhodopsin has also a considerably increased extinction, some 1.5 times higher than when randomly oriented. The spectrum of rhodopsin in rods agrees well in form and position with the spectral sensitivity of human rod vision, measured at the retinal surface.     

Human origins

New discoveries combine to indicate that all the major steps in human evolution took place in Africa. Skeletal analysis of oldest human forbears around 3 million years ago reveal many anatomical similarities to African Great Apes. These and biochemical resemblances indicate a common ancestry for humans and apes, perhaps only a few million years earlier. Enlarged knowledge through recent recovery of skeletons of several successive stages in the line leading to modern peoples shows that many attributes or skills by which we define humanity arose much more recently in time than heretofore believed.