Study on Beautiful Countryside Construction in Xihu Lijia Village,Qianfang Town,Jinxian County

By reviewing the beautiful countryside construction in Xihu Lijia Village, Qianfang Town, Jinxian County, this paper further explored the concept of building happy and harmonious countryside, provided theoretical and technical instruction for the construction of "ecological settlement", "ecological environment", "ecological economy", "ecological culture", in order to instruct the construction of beautiful countryside.     

基于村民参与式的乡村人居环境评价研究

乡村人居环境改善是城乡统筹发展的重要内容,也是美丽乡村建设的关键所在。笔者着眼于“以人为本”的视角,以重庆市铜梁区南城街道鱼溅村为例,通过村民参与式与数学模型定量的研究方法,研究乡村人居环境村民的满意度和优化方向。研究结果显示：鱼溅村人居环境的整体满意度水平一般,人居软环境系统的社会环境与经济环境满意度为一般和不满意,硬环境系统的设施环境和生态环境对整体满意度贡献率较高,结论表明鱼溅村亟需加强对人居软环境系统的优化;同时,研究还显示鱼溅村人居环境满意度的空间分布差异较大,这说明人居环境的优化需要合理布局、整体筹划。笔者最后提出了优化的对策,对山地丘陵地区的乡村人居环境建设具有普遍借鉴意义。     

现代农业与可持续发展的生态农业

现代农业的发展并不仅仅是追求经济效益,还要建设良好的生态系统,实现人与自然的和谐发展。我国正面临来自人口、资源、生态环境的恶化等多重挑战,必须按照科学发展观的思想,坚持走可持续发展道路;必须正确处理经济与人口、资源、环境的关系,达到经济、社会和生态的协调发展。因此,吸收借鉴国外生态农业发展的经验,根据新农村建设可持续发展的要求,形成适合我国国情的现代生态农业运行模式显得尤为重要。     

基于系统耦合的区域生态安全格局构建——以酒泉市肃州区为例

构建区域生态安全格局对区域的可持续发展有重要的意义,肃州区位于河西走廊中西部,生态环境脆弱,水资源短缺,生态环境建设与保护形势依然严峻,通过构建区域生态安全格局实现可持续发展尤为重要。通过运用定性、定量相结合的方法分析肃州区的景观格局和景观安全格局。最后,运用系统耦合和景观生态学尺度变化的原理和方法,结合肃州区特点,构建肃州区区域生态安全格局。随着尺度的逐渐变大,区域生态安全格局包括生态资源系统耦合、自然—社会系统耦合、农业生态系统耦合、景观安全格局耦合和生态地理区域耦合5个耦合模式。     

发展林业是山区新农村建设的现实选择

从山区经济社会相对落后的具体情况出发,提出建设社会主义新农村的难点在山区,应当高度关注山区。从生态、经济、社会等方面的需求满足看,林业必将在山区新农村建设中大有作为。因此,在山区建设社会主义新农村中必须选择以林为主,综合开发,山区林业应当走以生态建设为主,发展林业产业,加快建立现代林业产权制度,完善林业分类经营管理制度,建立森林生态效益补偿制度等路径,在重视和解决三农问题的同时,高度关注和切实解决发展林业与山区新农村建设问题。     

On the Pattern of Rural Human Settlement Environment Construction in Yunnan''s Mountain Region

The laggard status of rural human settlement environment of mountain region in Yunnan Province affected the balanced development between city and countryside, so accelerating its construction is the urgent need of rural development. In this paper, the characteristics and realistic influence of traditional pattern of rural human settlement environment construction in Yunnan mountain region are expounded. Moreover, it puts forward the construction pattern, which depends on the development of small towns by analyzing the connection among natural environment characteristics, society and economy innovation and the pattern of human settlement environment construction. At last, several advices are brought forward for the actual action of rural human settlement environment construction in future.     

新疆哈萨克牧民定居点牛羊养殖环境与投入品及畜产品质量安全性评价

本研究旨在分析新疆实施牧民定居工程中畜牧业生产方式的转变对畜产品安全性的影响,以期为健康养殖和优质安全畜产品生产奠定科学基础。以新疆阿勒泰和塔城地区的牧民定居点为试验点,现场调查并随机采取养殖环境中的土壤、地表水源、饲草料及牛羊肉样品,对土壤和水样中As、Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd等重金属进行检测;对饲草料和肉样中辛硫磷、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯等农药残留,盐酸克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺等违禁添加剂进行检测;此外还对肉样的阿维菌素、伊维菌素、硝基呋喃类抗生素和四环素类抗生素等兽药残留进行检测。结果表明,新疆牧民定居点牛羊养殖环境符合健康养殖和畜产品生产的相关国家标准,但在养殖投入品环节中的种植饲草料中存在农药残留的隐患,但尚未对畜产品的质量安全造成影响,应尽早加以控制。总体而言,牧民定居后的生活和生产方式符合国家有关畜产品生产质量安全标准,牧民定居后的养殖模式有利于改善民生,草原生态环境保护及草地畜牧业可持续发展。     

Application of UAV Image in Quantitative Analysis of Landscape Pattern of Railway

Taking Beijing–Shanghai High-speed Railway(the section of Zhenjiangnan Station) for example,this paper applied UAV remote sensing data and GIS spatial analysis to analyze current land use types in this section,on this basis used landscape pattern indices that showed high correlation with land use changes for the quantitative analysis and evaluation of ecosystem structure in the study area and also landscape pattern after the construction of high-speed railway.The results showed that UAV images performed well in the evaluation of railway landscape ecological environment,landscape structure and features represented by the selected landscape pattern indices in this paper were applicable,and capable of ensuring scientific evaluation of ecological environmental impact;the overall landscape pattern of the Zhenjiangnan Station section(Beijing–Shanghai High-speed Railway) after completion was moderate,and local ecosystem was damaged,thus scientific and reasonable ecological planning was required to design and change landscape structure.     

长沙市土地利用生态风险及评价

摘要：城市生态环境问题已成为制约城市可持续发展的重要问题,土地利用变化是城市生态环境改变的重要因素。长沙市作为中部经济发达、人口众多的大城市,其工业化和城市化的发展速度很快。强烈的土地需求对土地利用的强度、方式、规模、布局等造成了深远的影响,同时也对城市生态环境造成强烈的冲击,生态安全受到严重威胁。本文引入城市土地利用生态风险评价的概念,分析长沙市土地利用现状,阐述城市土地利用生态风险产生的原因,识别与土地利用相关的生态环境问题,综合运用主成分分析,K均值聚类等方法,建立了土地利用生态风险评价模型,分析和评价长沙市土地利用生态风险。结果发现该区所研究时段土地利用生态风险总体上变大,土地利用生态风险值从1996年的-0.85286（Ⅴ）,变为2006年的1.321039（Ⅰ）,期间变化波动明显,风险值在1996-1999年和2003-2006年趋于上升,2000-2002年趋于下降。根据此评价结论提出一系列规避和应对生态风险,协调城市土地利用与生态环境的对策。     

Human Settlement Science-oriented Analysis of Rural Tourism Attraction System

Human settlement resources belong to tourist resources in a broad sense. Rural areas with excellent human settlements have become favorable tourist destinations. From the perspective of human settlement science, tourism attraction system model can be established by factors of harmony of rural ecology, harmony of rural life, harmony of rural production and harmony of rural culture. Concrete strategies for improving rural tourism attractiveness based on science of human settlements were proposed from the perspectives of optimization of ecological environment, education of original residents, upgrading of agricultural landscapes and products, and construction of rural tourism culture.     

Functions and Plant Configuration of Wuhan Jiangtan Park

With the rapid development of social economy, and constant improvement of living standards, modern people have had higher requirements on neighboring environment. Park green space is an important component of urban ecosystem, it improves quality of urban ecological environment, reduces urban heat island effect, and beautifies city environment. By studying plant configuration in Jiangtan Park, Hankou District, Wuhan City, functional areas were regarded as a whole to collect data, AHP was applied to investigate the sample plots, garden plant landscape evaluation system was established, and landscapes in all units were evaluated. From the perspectives of site type, functional area, plant configuration, landscape composition, this paper analyzed site conditions of Jiangtan Park, provided scientific theoretic support and case reference for the plant configuration of park green spaces, which would play an extremely important role in improving urban ecological environment and enhancing urban landscape effect.     

Study on System of the Ancient Village in Meizhou

The ancient village in Mei Zhou is the special integrity system,which appears the aspects of the humanism,scene and feeling.The environment of society affects the system inevitably because of the open feature of the ancient village system.The speed of the system change is limited by the contradiction caused in the protection of the ancient village.The modern village system will finally replace the ancient one,which is decided by the integrity effect of relationship and reciprocity of the elements in the system.     

现代农业开发建设项目环境影响评价简析

农业开发建设项目具有很强的环境依赖性。现代农业的发展带动了农村经济的发展和农民收入的增加,也改变了原有土地利用方式和生态环境。农业建设项目对环境的影响是一个长期累积的过程,因此环境影响评价对污染的预防和控制尤为重要。文章主要分析了现代农业建设项目的环境问题、开展环境影响评价的主要内容以及保护对策和措施,以期为相关项目的环评工作提供参考和借鉴。     

Human Settlement Environment --The Essence and Edifications of New Urbanism

Human settlement environment is the basis of people existence and development, and currently Chinese urban construction is being faced with many problems on human settlement environment. Through contrasting the concepts of the American Edged Urbanism with the New Urbanism in the later half of the 20th century theoretically, this paper indicated the change in concept of urban design from the technological rationality to the nature and humanity. It expounds that the essence of New Urbanism is the idea of human settlement environment, and enlightens that people should promote urban construction and human settlement environment by way of humanism, and maintain harmonious development of human, nature and human settlement environment, thus the urban environment should walk up a correct way, and the idea has academic and extensive practical value for new development zones.     

Protection and Ecological Restoration of Water Level Fluctuation Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Water level fluctuation zone(hereinafter referred to as "WLFZ") is a transitional ecosystem between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem,and also a key area to control its neighboring terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. After the Three Gorges Reservoir was put into use,ecological environment of its WLFZ has aroused wide concern from domestic and foreign experts. On the basis of introducing characteristics of WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,current ecological environment and main problems of this area were analyzed,plant selection and configuration was elaborated as well as the implementation effect of many WLFZ protection and ecological restoration modes. In view of the actual conditions,pertinent suggestions were proposed for WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,namely classified protection and ecological restoration,enhancing monitoring and assessment of current situation and change tendency,carrying out technical researches and demonstration of WLFZ wetland ecological restoration.     

梯田农业生态系统保护的关键问题与途径──以湖南新化紫鹊界梯田为例

紫鹊界梯田生态系统是典型的南方山地生态系统,是自然人工复合生态系统。笔者主要介绍紫鹊界梯田的生态系统的系统性、稳定性和濒危性,详细阐述了紫鹊界梯田农业生态环境问题和产生的原因,明确当前防止外来物种入侵、水资源利用和保护、生态景观保护以及生态文化的传承是紫鹊界农业生态系统保护的首要关键问题。最后就当前农业生态保护及现状做了概述,并对存在的问题,提出了总体的保护思路和途径,为紫鹊界梯田农业生态环境可持续发展提供参考。     

陆生和水域生态系统植物的C、N、P生态化学计量特征研究综述

生态化学计量学是一门把不同研究领域的研究结果从化学元素水平上统一起来的热点学科。笔者简单阐述了生态化学计量学的基本定义,主要通过比较陆生和水域生态系统来阐述生态化学计量学特征,讨论不同生态环境对植物的生态化学碳氮磷比(C:N:P)的影响,在大尺度范围研究植物C:N:P生态化学计量学特征与限制性养分判断、生态系统稳定性、生长率的关系。     

河道生态建设的技术研究

随着河道水环境污染的加剧,河道生态建设越来越引起人们的重视,怎样结合当前各种技术措施建设完善的河道生态系统成为一个新课题。考虑到河道生态建设以恢复生态系统为核心,笔者在论述了河道生态建设的发展历程的基础上,深入阐述目前应用于河道生态建设的主要技术措施,提出河道生态建设的必然性,并指出生态建设应在保证行洪安全的基础上,综合多种技术措施治理被污染水体,优先选择柔性护岸护坡材料以替代混凝土材料,进而恢复水、土壤、生物三者之间的生态循环。     

基于遥感与GIS的土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响?

为了认识和理解土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响,以1992、2000、2008年的Landsat TM影像为基础,应用遥感与GIS技术获取了土地利用信息,分析了双流县16年来土地利用/覆被变化,采用中国陆地生态系统的服务价值测算方法对区域土地利用类型的生态系统服务价值进行评估,为研究区土地持续利用和生态环境保护和建设提供参考。结果表明：（1）1992—2008年间双流县土地利用变化显著,耕地（水田）和林地分别减少28207.249 hm²和1752.915 hm²,建设用地（城镇、工矿交通用地）增加17034.99 hm²;土地利用类型主要由耕地（水田）和林地向建设用地（城镇、工矿交通用地）转移。（2）区域生态系统服务价值增加4508.859×104元,但不同时段变化趋势不同,其中1992—2000年的系统服务价值下降10.59%,而2000—2008年增加16.024%。（3）林地、耕地（水田和旱地）向建设用地（城镇、工矿交通用地）的转移导致生态系统服务价值减少,为负流向,总值分别达2197.233×104元、5317.460×104元。（4）生态价值系数变化变化对生态系统服务价值的变化缺乏弹性,相对敏感性为：林地＞耕地（水田和旱地）＞水域;土地利用变化对区域生态系统服务价值变化的影响,水域的影响最大,耕地（水田和旱地）和林地相对较小。     

国内流域生态服务价值研究现状浅析

在全球变暖问题日益加剧的背景下,流域生态服务价值是区域可持续发展评估研究的关键内容和焦点,已成为各国关心的主要问题。目前,流域生态系统对于整个生态系统的格局、结构和组成具有特殊的生态意义。通过对流域生态系统服务价值的探讨和研究,便于人们认识流域尺度生态环境的发展方向,提高生态保护意识,深入探讨流域综合治理等问题。阐述了当前国内流域生态服务价值的估算方法、研究对象、时空变化及研究趋势,并对其总体概况进行了总结和概括,旨在为今后生态服务价值研究提供新思路。