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现代农业正在向种植业、养殖业和加工业的三元产业结构发展,玉米已由粮食作物转变成“饲料之王”和重要工业原料,成为畜牧养殖业、加工业等产业发展的基础。随着科学技术的发展,玉米深加工的比例逐年提高.深加工产品多达几十类上千种.对玉米产量的需求日益增加。为保证社会经济顺畅运行, 相似文献
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美国玉米加工业的历史与现状 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
美国玉米加工业始建于1848年,第一、二次世界大战刺激了玉米加工业的发展,并使美国玉米加工企业获得了大量的经济利益.本世纪50年代前,美国玉米加工业就已实现了综合利用,并开发了多种变性淀粉.60年代以后实现了从淀粉到生物技术产品的转化.首先,玉米高果糖浆实现了工业化生产,并成为目前玉米加工业的主要产品.此外,以葡萄糖为原料,生产有机酸、醇等化工原料.目前,美国加工业正致力于开发替代石油制品的玉米深加工产品。 相似文献
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“十五”期间我国稻米及其副产品高效增值深加工技术的突破 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过深加工和科学合理的综合利用,稻谷除提供人们主食大米之外,还可转化为营养丰富、生理功能卓越的健康食品原料,也可转化为优质廉价的医药、化工等工业原料。稻米深加工可比普通稻米加工增值5-10倍。本文就我国“十五”期间出现的一些稻米深加工技术进行了总结,并对这些技术产生的产品效益进行分析。 相似文献
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玉米是我国主要粮食作物之一,年播种面积2000多万hm2.仅次于小麦、水稻.总产量居第二位.年产玉米1.2亿t,我国玉米约75%以上用作饲料,约15%用于食品的发酵工业原料.在猪、鸡等配合饲料中60%以上原料来自玉米.因此,玉米是名副其实的饲料之王,畜牧养殖业的支柱.抓好无公害玉米的生产不仅关系到玉米产品本身的食用安全,还将为生产绿色无公害肉、蛋、奶等产品奠定了基础. 相似文献
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鲜食玉米及优质高产栽培 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
鲜食玉米是在乳熟期采摘鲜嫩果穗用于蒸煮食用的玉米类型。作为一种特殊的消费食品 ,鲜食玉米在农业生产和人民生活中越来越受到重视 ,消费量和种植面积也越来越大。在西方 ,鲜食玉米创造的农产值超过 5亿美元 ,年产甜玉米罐头 70多万t,速冻甜玉米 4 5万t ,人均消费新鲜甜玉米 3 2kg。随着人民生活水平的提高及玉米深加工企业的发展 ,国内对鲜食玉米的需求会越来越大。1 鲜食玉米的类型及特点鲜食玉米的类型目前主要包括糯玉米、甜玉米等。1 1 糯玉米糯玉米是受第 9染色体上的隐性糯质基因控制的玉米突变类型 ,其子粒胚乳表现致密 ,不… 相似文献
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玉米产业经济发展战略的思考 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
玉米产业经济是以玉米生物产品为基础(包括子实、秸秆、花丝、花粉、穗轴等),以流通、加工、转化为手段,按产业递进原则向外延伸,跨行业、跨产业、跨部门的经济活动的总称。玉米产业经济是一个多元经济概念,横跨一、二、三产业,是现代多产业和多种技术在一个链条上的集成。粮食保障能力的提高,使玉米的多元属性得以充分的释放。发展玉米产业经济必须客观科学地把握好玉米消费的发展趋势,对玉米产业经济的开发必须予以科学合理的定位。 相似文献
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我国玉米品质现状、问题及发展优质食用玉米对策 总被引:79,自引:20,他引:79
本文依据我国玉米生产的发展和市场需求的变化提出了我国玉米生产已进入了一个新的阶段,即提高单产改善品质的阶段.对我国玉米品质现状进行了分析,介绍了食用玉米研究进展、发展趋势及发展优质食用玉米的对策. 相似文献
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Ortíz-Fernández M. Paulina Castillo-Ruiz Octelina Velazquez Gonzalo Aleman-Castillo Sanjuana E. Salazar Régulo Ruiz Osorio-Díaz Perla Mendez-Montealvo Guadalupe 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2019,74(3):446-447
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Cookies are one of the most consumed bakery products and the formulation could be modified to consider them as a functional food. The high amylose maize starch... 相似文献
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Feng Yang Dunping Liao Yuanfang Fan Rencai Gao Xiaoling Wu Tanzeel Rahman 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(1):1-11
Narrow-row planting patterns directly affect crop yield and competition in intercropping systems. A two-year (2012 and 2013) field experiment was conducted to determine the interactive behavior between intercrops in a maize–soybean relay strip intercropping system. Maize plants were planted in different narrow-wide row planting patterns, whereas soybean was planted in wide rows. The total biomass and grain yield of maize increased with increasing maize narrow-row spacing, but the opposite trend was observed for soybean. The aggressivity, competitive ratio, and partial relative crowding advantage values for maize were greater than those for soybean. Moreover, the competitive interaction of the intercrops was affected by the distance between maize and soybean rows. The highest intercrop land equivalent ratio (LER) 1.61 and 1.59 was found in the 40:160 planting pattern (i.e. 40 cm narrow-row spacing and 160 cm wide-row spacing of maize) during 2012 and 2013, respectively. Combined with actual yield loss and LER, the intense intra-specific competition of maize plants reduced the depression for the associated soybeans when the maize narrow-row spacing was less than 30 cm. When the narrow-row spacing was wider than 50 cm, soybean growth was seriously depressed by maize because of the stronger inter-specific competition between maize and soybean. The maximum yield and economic advantage appeared in the 40:160 narrow-wide row planting pattern. Therefore, intercropping advantage may be achieved by changing the row spacing and distance between intercrop rows to coordinate the inter-specific competition between maize and soybean. 相似文献
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吉林省玉米供给侧结构性改革路径与对策研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为推进吉林省玉米供给侧结构性改革,回顾1978年以来吉林省种植业结构演变基础上,研究评价2015和2016年度吉林省玉米供给侧结构性改革实践及其效果。结果表明,现有的供给侧结构性改革力度还很不足,无法达到去库存、增效益、促发展等政策目标,提出推进农业3次产业融合的总体思路,指出种植业、畜牧业、加工业供给侧结构性改革路径,提出采用玉米、大豆、苜蓿轮作实现粮经饲协调发展,通过青贮、黄贮等方式推进种养业协调发展,加快农业科技进步,推动种养加协调发展等对策建议。 相似文献
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare vulgare L.) is an ancient cereal grain, which upon domestication has evolved from largely a food grain to a feed and malting grain. However, barley food use today remains important in some cultures around the world, particularly in Asia and northern Africa, and there is renewed interest throughout the world in barley food because of its nutritional value. This review covers basic and general information on barley food use and barley grain processing for food use, as well as an in-depth look at several major aspects/traits of interest for barley food use including kernel hardness and colour, grain starch, and β-glucan contents. These traits are described in terms of their effects on processing and nutrition, as well as their inheritance and the prospects for barley improvement through breeding. Whereas, the aspects listed above have been studied relatively extensively in barley in terms of content, form, genetics, physiology, and in some cases nutritional quality, little is know about functional properties for processing and food product development. Renewed interest in barley for food uses largely centres around the effects of β-glucans on lowering blood cholesterol levels and glycemic index. Wholegrain barley foods also appear to be associated with increased satiety and weight loss. There is great potential to utilise barley in a large number of cereal-based food products as a substitute partially or wholly for currently used cereal grains such as wheat (Triticum aestivum), oat (Avena sativa), rice (Oryza sativa), and maize (Zea mays). 相似文献
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对变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行比较,探讨建立简便、快速、安全、可靠、经济、效率高、毒害低的应用于玉米遗传多样性分析的SSR标记方法。结果表明,用2对SSR引物对6份玉米自交系基因组DNA进行扩增,将扩增产物在变性与非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(PAGE)上电泳,银染后微卫星扩增产物在二者上的电泳结果存在差异。在变性胶中微卫星扩增产物目的条带清晰,易于鉴定;在非变性凝胶中表现有较多的非特异性条带,但目的条带很明亮,容易看出来,不影响实验结果。非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳带型清晰准确、结果可靠、经济快速,能真实地揭示玉米自交系间的遗传多样性,是玉米种质类群划分的有效分子标记方法。 相似文献