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1.
Lauren C. Connell Lauren M. Porensky John Derek Scasta 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2019,72(2):360-373
Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) have high dietary overlap with livestock, which can cause forage-centric conflicts between agriculture and conservation. Research suggests prairie dogs can enhance forage quality, but trade-offs between quality and quantity throughout the growing season remain unclear, as well as the degree to which increased forage quality is caused by altered species composition versus altered plant physiology. To assess the effects of prairie dog herbivory on forage in a northern mixed-grass prairie, we collected samples on prairie dog colonies and at sites without prairie dogs during June, July, and August 2016 - 2017 for forage quality, and August 2015 - 2017 for herbaceous biomass. To isolate mechanisms affecting forage quality, we collected both composite samples of all herbaceous species and samples of western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii [Rydb.] Á. Löve). Across years and plant sample types, crude protein, phosphorus, and fat were 12-44% greater and neutral detergent fiber was 6-10% lower on prairie dog colonies than at sites without prairie dogs. The effects of prairie dogs on forage quality persisted throughout the season for western wheatgrass samples (all treatment*time p-values ≥ 0.4). Across years, aboveground herbaceous biomass did not differ significantly between prairie dog colonies and sites without prairie dogs (on-colony: 933 ± 156 kg/ha, off-colony: 982 ± 117 kg/ha). The effects of prairie dogs on herbaceous biomass were significantly influenced by spring precipitation. In years with dry springs, herbaceous biomass was lower on colonies than sites without prairie dogs and this pattern was reversed in years with wet springs. Our results demonstrate season-long enhanced forage quality on prairie dog colonies, indicating that multiple mechanisms are shaping forage quality in this system, including altered species composition, phenological growth stage, and soil condition. Across years, enhanced forage quality may help to offset reductions in forage quantity for agricultural producers. 相似文献
2.
利用体外产气法研究不同瘤胃降解蛋白平衡对瘤胃代谢的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
旨在探讨利用体外产气法研究不同瘤胃降解蛋白平衡日粮(RDPB,g·kg-1 DM)对瘤胃发酵、总产气量和甲烷产量的影响.试验选用美国Ankom产气系统,采用随机区组试验设计,配置6种不同瘤胃降解蛋白平衡日粮,分别为日粮1(-20 g· kg-1 DM),日粮2(-10 g· kg-1 DM),日粮3(0 g· kg-1 DM),日粮4(10g·kg-1DM),日粮5(20 g·kg-1 DM)和日粮6(30 g· kg-1 DM),每组2个重复,培养期为24 h.结果表明:(1)本研究中6种类型日粮发酵液的pH、乙酸/丙酸、产气量和CH4产生量表现为日粮3(P<0.01)或日粮4(P<0.01)值最低.(2)挥发性脂防酸乙酸、丙酸、丁酸以及氨氮的浓度随着瘤冒降解平衡值的增加而增加,表明改变日粮瘤胃降解蛋白平衡可以影响瘤胃发酵.而瘤胃降解蛋白平衡对总挥发性脂肪酸以及原虫数量无显著影响.(3)日粮瘤胃降解蛋白平衡值影响不同时间点甲烷的浓度和24 h甲烷产量.其中以日稂4(P<0.05)甲烷总产量最低.由此可见,在体外培养条件下,改变日粮RDPB影响了瘤胃发酵液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度、总产气量、CH4产生量,综合考虑其对瘤胃发酵和甲烷产量等指标的影响,体外产气条件下适宜的RDPB水平为0~10g·kg-1 DM. 相似文献
3.
本试验利用体外产气法研究蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯(HMBi)对瘤胃发酵参数的影响.试验分为3个组,分别为对照组、试验1组和试验2组.其中,2个试验组的培养管中分别加入干物质量1%和2%的HMBi.分别在培养至3、6、9、12、24 h时测定产气量,培养12、24 h后测定发酵液pH以及挥发性脂肪酸和乳酸浓度.结果表明:12 h时2个试验组的乙酸、丁酸、异戊酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但2个试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05);24 h时各挥发性脂肪酸以及总挥发性脂肪酸浓度试验各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05).试验各组的pH在12、24 h时均处于正常范围,12 h时pH试验1组高于对照组(P>0.05)和试验2组(P<0.05);而24 h时pH试验各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05).24 h时2个试验组的乳酸浓度均高于对照组,且差异显著(P<0.05),但2个试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05).3、6、12 h时2个试验组的产气量均高于对照组,且差异显著(P<0.05),但2个试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05).由此得出,在发酵底物中添加HMBi可改善瘤胃体外发酵. 相似文献