甘南牦牛杂交改良中可视输精枪和排卵测定仪 的应用效果

[目的]为了解决牦牛人工授精中所遇到的发情鉴定不准确、受胎率低、繁殖员对人工授精技术掌握不够等诸多难题,以提高母牦牛受胎率及繁殖成活率。[方法]我们在牦牛杂交改良中采用牛可视输精枪和排卵测定仪进行人工授精操作,取得了明显的杂交效果。[结果]采用娟姗牛冻精用排卵测定仪和可视输精枪进行人工授精的母牦牛受胎率、产仔成活率、繁殖成活率等指标均比用直肠把握输精法人工授精的高。其中,用可视输精枪人工授精的受胎率为73.78%,比直肠把握输精法（57.48%）提高16.30%,产仔成活率为96.52%,比直肠把握输精法（92.80%）提高3.72%,繁殖成活率为62.03%,比直肠把握输精法（49.49%）提高12.54%。[结论]应用可视输精枪在深入子宫授精时直观、清晰度高,容易掌握授精位置,对初学牛人工授精者是非常好的应用技术,可以轻松通过子宫颈,直接输精到准确位置,真正实现子宫内输精,大大提高了人工授精受胎率及繁殖成活率。     

山区羊舍“圈中圈”设计及应用效果

为探索山区羔羊保育技术,提高羔羊成活率和增重效果,笔者通过改进圈舍设计,加强饲养管理,开展了"圈中圈"羔羊保育应用效果观察试验。结果表明,试验组羔羊的断奶(120d)成活率为97.78%,比对照组的断奶成活率(68.89%)提高了41.94%;试验组羔羊的日增重为96.2 g,比对照组(71g)提高了35.49%,效果显著。     

三种不同因素对蛋黄果嫁接繁育的影响

为提高蛋黄果嫁接苗的成活率,探索蛋黄果嫁接的最佳方式,本研究以‘仙桃1号’蛋黄果为试材,研究接穗类型、嫁接方法、嫁接时期对蛋黄果嫁接成活率的影响。结果表明接穗类型、嫁接方法及嫁接时期对蛋黄果嫁接成活率都具有显著影响,其中,接穗为木质化枝条的嫁接成活率最高,达99.33%,其次为半木质化枝条,嫁接成活率为80%,顶芽的嫁接成活率最低,仅为58.67%;嫁接方式为劈接的嫁接成活率最高,为 98%,其次依次为切接90%、合接61.33%;在春季进行嫁接的成活率最高,高达100%,且嫁接苗生长较旺盛;秋季的嫁接成活率次之,为 85.33%,冬季的嫁接成活率最低,仅为 55.33%,且植株长势较弱。因此,在春季（3～4月）选取木质化枝条,采用劈接的方法进行嫁接,获得的蛋黄果嫁接苗成活率最高。本研究为蛋黄果高效的繁育技术体系提供技术支撑。     

维生素B12解冻液在绵羊人工授精中的应用

应用维生素B12注射液做绵羊冻精的解冻液,实施人工授精配种来提高绵羊受胎率和羔羊成活率。结果表明,试验组绵羊受胎率达96.0%,羔羊成活率达94.2%,而对照组绵羊受胎率为78.0%,羔羊成活率为85.4%,试验组与对照组绵羊受胎率和羔羊成活率均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。     

微生态活菌制剂防治初生羔羊腹泻的效果

应用微生态活菌制剂对初生羔羊腹泻进行防治试验,结果试验组腹泻率为5.5%,成活率为94.2%,腹泻率比抗生素对照组降低5.5%,成活率提高7.2%;应用微生态活菌制剂对腹泻羔羊进行治疗,治愈率为94.4%.     

集中采精低温保存分散输精技术的研究

集中采精、高倍稀释、常低温保存、分散输精技术在我省还未应用.1993年我站引进安哥拉山羊公羊15只,为提高利用率,进行了该项技术的应用试验.结果表明:玉树山羊总受胎率和繁殖成活率比本交分别提高28%和24%.     

提高肉用绵羊胚胎移植成活率的研究

对影响绵羊移植胚胎成活率的因素进行研究。结果表明:供、受体发情同期差在0～12h内,移植扩展囊胚和囊胚成活率分别为87.50%和82.35%,显著高于移植其他阶段的胚胎。同期差在12～24h内,移植囊胚成活率为70.83%,高于移植其他阶段的胚胎;同期差在24～36h和大于36h时,各类胚胎成活率显著下降。移植时受体羊的黄体数目不影响其妊娠率和胚胎成活率,切割扩展囊胚移植成活率为53.33%,增加移植胚胎的数目能显著增加受体羊的产羔率。可见移植胚胎的数目、胚胎发育阶段、分割技术、同期发情技术等影响移植胚胎成活率。     

提高青杄成活种植技术研究

本文通过对不同苗龄,不同造林坡段,以及结合现有座水覆膜等技术,对提高山地青杄造林成活率的技术进行了实验性研究,得出以下结论:通过试验,山地造林在同一个地点的阴阳坡道位置植株,阴坡对造林成活率的影响是比较明显的。阳坡造林成活率仅为75.8%,阳坡造林成活率比阴坡要高出16.3%。说明水分的作用在成活率中起着非常重要的作用。座水覆膜是山地抗旱造林的方法,它可以缓解水分蒸发造成的根部营养的散失,采用座水覆膜处理的植株在阴坡和阳坡的成活率分别为96.7%和84.2%,比未采用座水覆膜的植株成活率分别高出9.2%和16.7%。选择适龄的苗龄对山地造林的成活率影响深远。不同苗龄的苗木对水分的吸收能力以及保湿的能力有所不同,同时也对阳光的吸收也有所不同。同样的抚育管理的情况下,2a苗龄的成活率平均为88.8%,3a苗龄的成活率平均为82.5%,4a苗龄的成活率平均为80.6%。     

应用生物占位因子预防断奶前仔猪下痢的实验

生物占位因子对断奶前仔猪下痢有显著的预防效果。实验结果表明,应用生物占位因子灌服仔猪,仔猪成活率为99% ,应用注射大肠杆菌苗注射于母体内,其产仔成活率为62-5 % 。     

农户雏鸡死亡原因分析及建议措施

我镇农户历来有养鸡习惯和经验,随着全价颗粒配合饲料和养鸡综合技术的推广和应用,幼雏鸡的生长速度和成活率均有明显提高。但因雏鸡成活率受饲养管理等因素影响,农户育雏鸡平均死亡率仍在12%以上,少数农户在25%左右,有的甚至更高。根据笔者在基层多年的畜牧兽医技术推广工作中     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.