森林重泡沫灭火剂的研究

本文叙述了森林重泡沫灭火剂的研制过程、基本组成、性能指标、制备工艺及其实用性，并对其灭火机理进行了探讨。     

森林地表火合成灭火技术初探

依据现有灭火装备、灭火经验及手段,对我国现有森林灭火技术进行系统分析,针对森林地表火的行为特征及危害,提出森林地表火合成灭火应用技术.     

加强森林火灾灭火指挥的研究

在扑救森林火灾中,由于指挥的失误,造成人员伤亡和国家财产损失的情况是曾经发生过的。因此,应加强森林火灾灭火指挥的研究,提高灭火指挥员的指挥能力和手段,使森林火灾的损失减少到最低限度。一、提高指挥员素质森林火灾灭火指挥是灭火指挥员及森林防火指挥部对所属灭火队伍的灭火行动进行的组织领导活动。加强森林火灾灭火指挥的研究,首先要从指挥员的素质入手,提高指挥能力,以适应灭火指挥的需要。作为一名合     

森林消防器材设备灭火试验

9月22日下午,自治区森林防火指挥部在高峰林场进行森林消防新器材灭火试验,以保证广西在森林火灾灭火中灭火设备达到最佳状态。森林消防器材设备灭火试验@健康     

森林灭火装备的现状与展望

综述了国内外森林灭火装备使用与研究的现状,分析了不同类型灭火装备的作用和特点,并指出了它们存在的问题。针对森林火灾的特点,提出了森林灭火装备使用和研制的一些原则。     

森林部队控制边境森林火灾技术对策

依据现有灭火装备、灭火经验及手段,结合我国边境森林火灾特点,对森林部队担负的边境森林防灭火任务进行分析,结合百余起过境森林火灾扑救经验总结,研究出森林部队控制边境森林火灾技术对策,不仅丰富了边境森林火灾灭火理论,而且为担负边境森林灭火任务的扑火单位提供技术指导。     

森林防火立体指挥模型制作技术

为便于查找森林火源,直观了解火场周围的地形地貌,选择灭火线路,模拟部署森林防火设施,制作和利用森林防火立体指挥模型已在防火灭火工作中得到人们的日趋关注和重视。笔者在承担大兴安岭地区所属林业局防火立体指挥模型(沙盘)的制作任务中,初步摸索出利用可塑造的硬质泡沫材料——PS板制作沙盘的工艺方法,采用这种材料制作沙盘与以往采用胶泥、纸浆、胶合板等材料制作沙盘相比,具有制作简便、易于处理、可塑造、体轻、比例运用准确,易于安装各种发光     

超强吸水材料在森林防火灭火中的应用

超级吸水材料某些特性的测定及单株植物火烧试验,结合可燃物含水率与传统的泡沫和清水进行对比试验。结果表明:超强吸水材料在吸附量、变干速率和节约用水等方面比传统的清水和泡沫都有明显的优势,在森林灭火、开设阻火隔离带和火灾预防等方面具有很好的应用前景。     

浅析森林消防中的航空化学灭火

航空化学灭火是指飞机装载化学灭火药液对森林火灾实施空中喷洒，阻止火灾蔓延或直接扑灭火灾的灭火方法，是控制和扑救森林火灾的重要技术手段之一。在森林防火工作比较先进的国家，航空化学灭火是扑救森林火灾的主要手段。航空化学灭火是我国大力发展航空护林事业、不断提高空中直接灭火能力的重要途径，是我国森林火灾扑救工作的发展方向。     

广东森林消防输水灭火装备及其应用

文章介绍了广东省森林消防队伍使用的输水灭火装备的种类、型号、技术性能及使用方法。根据广东省森林消防以水灭火技术应用的现状,提出森林消防以水灭火装备的保养维护、森林消防队伍建设和输水灭火装备发展的问题和建议。     

关于森林燃烧火行为特征参数的计算与表述

森林的燃烧过程极为复杂 ,火行为是森林可燃物燃烧的一系列现象的总和。国内外林火研究人员多年来致力于火行为特征的研究描述 ,在火场范围 (周长或面积 )、火焰特征、火强度、火头的蔓延速度等方面取得了一些显著的进展 ,其中火强度、火焰高度和火蔓延速度是林火行为的 3大指标。火行为直接受火环境的影响。     

Study on Forest Fire Occurrence in China

China is not rich in natural forest sources. Owing to natural and historical factors, forest fires have long been frequenting China. Forest fire prevention is the most important of all. Forest fire prevention and controlling have long been held as a very important factor in our ecological plans. Taking china 's special geographical location, topography, climate and the distribution of forest sources into consideration, we have every reason to believe that forest fires in China have their own special environment and occurrence. China suffers forest fire hazards heavily. Forest fires arise occasionally from thunderstruck or self-burning of peat. However, most fires are due to man's fault while inappropriately using fires in production and daily life. Since China is located in the Northern Hemisphere with a vast territory, there is a striking difference in the climate between South China and North China.     

Forest Fire History in Viena Karelia,Russia

The history of forest fires was studied in north-west Russia near the Finnish-Russian border on a total of 22 transects within a 3 x 4 km area, 100 m long and 20 m wide, bydendrochronological methods. In total, 25 fires were identified as having occurred in the area between 1400 and 1998. On average, a fire occurred somewhere within the area once every 23 yrs, and once every 13 yrs between 1650 and 1950. The fire frequency (proportion of the area burnt per time unit) broadly followed the changes in the number of fires, but there were also differences. The fire frequency was 1.87% from 1679 to 1872 and 0.40% from 1873 onwards. The mean fire interval was 62 yrs and the median interval 56 yrs. According to the tree-ring width chronology tree growth was significantly lower in the dated fire years than in other years. Forest fire history in north-west Russia is broadly similar to that in many parts of Scandinavia.     

森林火险等级预报系统评述

对当前世界上主要的森林火险等级系统进行了综述, 包括加拿大、美国、澳大利亚以及其他一些国家的森林火险等级系统。对主要森林火险等级系统的组成、结构和发展过程进行了比较, 讨论了这些系统应用的局限性。比较了世界上3个应用比较普遍的森林火险等级系统的发展、可燃物类型、输入因子、输出因子和应用范围, 认为发展中国的森林火险等级系统采用加拿大的森林火险等级系统(CFFDRS)的技术比较合适。我们可直接应用CFFDRS, 然后根据当地气候和可燃物类型对火险等级系统进行校正。     

牯牛降植被日火险等级划定及防火对策分析

牯牛降森林火险植被分为5大类，其日火险等级各不相同。运用日火险等级实测模型（周期模型）及火险植被类型分布图，将植被日火险等级落实到具体山头地块。森林防火要采取监测、监控、监督“三监”同步的办法。     

Fire cycle and fire adaptation of main tree species in Daxing’anling forest region,China

Based on the fire statistics, the Daxing’anling forest area were classified into three fire cycle regions: northern coniferous virgin forest region with a fire cycle ofl 10–120 years, middle conifer-broad-leaved mixed forest region with a fire cycle of 30–40 years, and southern broad-leaved secondary forest region with a fire cycle of 15–20. The percentage of conifers and broad-leaved trees, forest age and natural mature period of main tree species in different fire cycle regions were discussed in concern with fire occurrence. The characteristics of fire adaptation and fire resistance of main tree species, such as sexual and asexual reproduction, were discussed and evaluation of the synthetical fire adaptation was made.     

层次分析法在防火林带树种选择上的应用

应用多目标决策的层次分析法对防火林带树种选择问题进行了分析探讨,建立了最优抗火性能层次分析结构模型,确定木荷为最优树种,同时也可利用竹柏、格氏栲、青冈栎等树种优化防火林带结构。     

城市森林火灾隐患及其管理

人为纵火、林区吸烟、施工用火、闪电、林区建筑物以及不合理的城市森林规划等是城市森林火灾发生的重要隐患,常常导致城市森林火灾的发生,给城市居民的生命和财产造成了巨大的损失。加强对城市森林火灾发生原因的研究,合理规划城市森林布局和结构,加强对火灾隐患的管理,减少城市森林火灾的发生,是维护城市生态可持续发展的必然要求。       

Fire resistance of European pines

Pine resistance to low- to moderate-intensity fire arises from traits (namely related to tissue insulation from heat) that enable tree survival. Predictive models of the likelihood of tree mortality after fire are quite valuable to assist decision-making after wildfire and to plan prescribed burning. Data and models pertaining to the survival of European pines following fire are reviewed. The type and quality of the current information on fire resistance of the various European species is quite variable. Data from low-intensity fire experiments or regimes is comparatively abundant for Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris, while tree survival after wildfire has been modelled for Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis. P. pinaster and P. pinea, and Pinus canariensis in special, are better equipped to survive fire, but low-intensity fire is tolerated even by species often referred to as fire-sensitive (P. halepensis and Pinus radiata). The relative fire resistance of European pine species is assessed on the basis of (i) morphological and experimental data, and (ii) mortality modelling that considers fire behaviour. Limitations of these approaches to rate fire resistance are discussed, and the current knowledge gaps are indicated.     

CYC型饰面阻燃涂料的配方研制

通过对CYC型饰面阻燃涂料的阻燃原理、配方、使用性能及施工技术的开发研究，结果表明，新型阻燃涂料的阻燃性能、装饰效果、环保效果及生产工艺都比以往的涂料有了较大的改进和提高。该涂料为水性涂料，没有油性涂料的弊端，节省能源，无环境污染，可用于室内木制品及其它可燃性材料表面的涂饰，具有装饰和阻燃的双重作用。