巴马香猪精液冷冻保存研究

利用甘油和二甲基亚砜（DMSO）作为冷冻保护剂,以精子存活率为评价指标,研究了冷冻保护剂对香猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响。试验分工、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4个试验组和1个对照组。以解冻后的精子活力、活率为判断标准,比较了4种冷冻保护液对香猪精液冷冻保存的影响。结果表明,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组精子活率显著高于Ⅲ组（含5％甘油）（P〈0．05）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）;Ⅰ组精子活率最高,达到53．10％。     

不同稀释剂对猪冷冻精液精子活率的影响

手握法采集12月龄大约克种公猪精液，在37℃下离心，弃去精清，收集浓缩段富含精子部分，用7种不同的稀释液进行稀释，应用液氮熏蒸法制作颗粒冻精。结果表明，在7种稀释液中，7号稀释液优于其他6种稀释液（P〈0．05）：与其他的冷冻保护剂相比，甘油的冷冻保护性能较好（P〈0．01），其适宜浓度为2～4mL／L：干解冻（40℃～45℃）效果优于湿解冻，解冻后精于活率达0．6～0．49（P〈0．05）；稀释液中添加安钠咖可有效地延长精于的冻后存活时间（P〈0．01）。     

不同冷冻剂对鸡胚PGCs的保护效应

发育至第19期和第28期的鸡胚性腺原始生殖细胞（PGCs）分离提纯后，在DMEM中添加冷冻保护剂DMSO（二甲基亚砜）、EG（乙二醇）、蔗糖进行超低温冷冻保存，比较冷冻保护剂在单独或联合使用条件下对PGCs的冷冻保护效果，复苏后台盼蓝染色测定细胞存活率，体外接种培养、传代。结果表明：（1）第19期PGCs冷冻保存中，10％EG＋10％FBS＋0．1mol／L。蔗糖条件下细胞存活率最高为（92．20±2．18）％，且与10％DMSO＋10％FBS的存活率差异显著（P〈0．05），其余各冷冻保护液间存活率差异不显著；第28期PGCs冷冻保存中，5％DMsO＋5％EG＋10％FBS＋0．1mol／L。蔗糖条件下细胞存活率最高为（92．41±2．82）％，但各冷冻保护液间存活率差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。（2）解冻后体外培养的PGCs，在饲养层和3种细胞因子（I。IF、SCF、bFGF）的共同作用下，可持续增殖，传至第3代的PGCs，PAS染色、AKP染色均呈阳性并保持完整的二倍体核型，仍处于未分化状态。     

羊肾原代细胞的冷冻保存试验

试验研究了3种不同冷冻保护剂二甲基亚砜（DMSO）、乙二醇（EG）和甘油对羔羊肾原代细胞存活率的影响及复苏后的培养情况。结果表明,冷冻保护液Ⅰ极显著地高于冷冻保护液Ⅱ和Ⅲ的保护效果（P〈0.01）;冷冻保护液Ⅲ显著地高于冷冻保护液Ⅱ（P〈0.05）。复苏后的羔羊肾原代细胞于体外培养时存在贴壁迟缓、前期生长速度较慢等现象。     

鸡囊胚细胞玻璃化冷冻保存技术的研究

研究不同冷冻液配方对鸡囊胚细胞的玻璃化冷冻保存效果。对新鲜种蛋囊胚细胞分离提纯后,在DMEM中添加不同的冷冻保护剂DMSO（二甲基亚砜）、EG（乙二醇）、蔗糖,分别组成6种玻璃化冷冻保护液,进行超低温冷冻保存。复苏后通过苔盼蓝染色测定活细胞存活率。结果：玻璃化冷冻保存中,囊胚细胞在玻璃化冷冻液配方2（10％EG＋10％DMSO＋0．5mol／L蔗糖＋20％FBS＋DMEM）条件下复苏后存活率最高（71．32％）,与玻璃化冷冻液配方1和3条件下复苏后存活率之间差异显著（P〈0．05）,且与玻璃化冷冻液配方4、5、6条件下复苏后存活率之间差异均极显著（P〈0．01）,可以作为鸡囊胚细胞的玻璃化冷冻液。     

山羊卵母细胞冷冻保存及其对发育效果的影响

在程序冷冻条件下,冷冻保护剂种类对山羊卵母细胞发育效果有显著影响。对于山羊GV期卵母细胞,解冻后的形态正常率,PROH(83 1%)和DMSO(81 7%)均高于甘油(70 7%)(P<0 05);而体外成熟率则是PROH(20 3%)高于DMSO(14 2%)和甘油(9 8%),DMSO又高于甘油(P<0 05)。对于山羊IVM卵母细胞,解冻后的形态正常率,PROH(84 5%)和DMSO(86 4%)均高于甘油(74 2%)(P<0 05);而受精率则是PROH(23 2%)高于DMSO(17 5%)和甘油(13 1%),DMSO又高于甘油(P<0 05)。冷冻方法和卵母细胞发育阶段对冷冻效果有显著影响。从冷冻方法看,程序冷冻和OPS玻璃化冷冻,GV期卵母细胞的成熟率分别为19 7%、27 6%,受精率为3 3%、8 6%;培养9h卵母细胞的成熟率分别为20 6%、30 9%,受精率为4 4%、10 3%;IVM卵母细胞的受精率分别为20 9%、29 4%,2 细胞率为4 4%、8 8%,均是OPS玻璃化高于程序冷冻,差异显著(P<0 05);从卵母细胞发育阶段看,不论是程序冷冻还是OPS玻璃化冷冻,GV期和培养9h卵母细胞的成熟率、受精率差异均不显著(P>0 05),但受精率均显著低于IVM卵母细胞(P<0 05)。     

黄芪多糖对大白鼠血液生理生化指标的影响

采取低温冷冻法、冷冻干燥法提取黄芪多糖,将两种方法提取的黄芪多糖配成制剂（400mg／kg）灌喂大白鼠15d,检测13项血液生理指标及血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、尿素（UREA）、总胆固醇（TC）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、葡萄糖（Glu）的活性。结果表明：低温冷冻组、冷冻干燥组白细胞总数（WBC）显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,低温冷冻组Lym、Mid％极显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）,冷冻干燥组中值细胞百分数（Mid％）显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;低温冷冻组、冷冻干燥组血红蛋白浓度（HGB）、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（McHc）显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;低温冷冻组的TP、Glu活性极显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）,AST、UREA活性极显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）,冷冻于燥组对照组TP、Glu活性显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,AST、UREA活性显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。     

胚胎因素对奶牛体外受精胚胎解冻孵化影响的试验研究

对胚胎因素影响奶牛体外受精胚胎培养效果进行了研究。结果发现：在胚胎因素中，胚胎类型（冻胚和鲜胚）与胚胎发育阶段对胚胎培养效果没有显著影响（P〉0．05）；冷冻胚胎解冻后停留时间对胚胎培养效果影响显著（P〈0．01）；冷冻胚胎解冻后胚胎等级对胚胎培养效果影响显著（P〈0．05），解冻后A级胚胎存活率（80％，128／160）、囊胚孵化率（58．75％，94／160）显著高于B级胚胎存活率（59．38％，95／160）和囊胚孵化率（37．5％，60／160）（P〈0．05）；解冻水浴温度（20℃、30℃）对培养效果有极显著影响（P〈0．01）。     

海藻糖对猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响

在传统的Tris-柠檬酸-葡萄糖稀释液基础上，分别添加25％、50％、75％、100％的海藻糖，研究不同浓度海藻糖对猪精液冷冻后精子质量的影响。结果表明，海藻糖相对于对照TCG稀释液能够显著改善和提高猪精液的冷冻效果，其最佳添加浓度为25％，冷冻-解冻后猪精子活力、活率、线粒体活性、质膜完整性以及顶体完整率均显著提高（P〈0．05），分别达到41．38％、46．34％、44．56％、43．51％和64．09％。海藻糖可以明显抑制精子获能，获能处理前精子获能率仅为3．68％，而获能处理后达到41．82％，有利于促进精子获能。精液稀释液中甘油的适宜添加浓度为2％，海藻糖只有与甘油共同作用，才能在冷冻-解冻过程更加有效地保护精子。猪精子活力、活率、线粒体活性、质膜完整率、顶体完整率等之间存在极显著的正相关关系（P〈0．01），而与获能处理前精子的获能率存在显著的负相关关系（P〈0．05）。     

细胞松驰素B（CB）对水牛卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻保存的影响

研究主要探讨冷冻前细胞松弛素B（CB）预处理水牛MⅡ期卵母细胞对其冷冻效果的影响。以水牛MⅡ期的卵母细胞为材料，通过玻璃毛细管（GMP）和玻璃化冷冻液EDS33（16．5％EG＋16．5％DMSO＋Sucrose）对水牛MⅡ期的卵母细胞进行两步法玻璃化冷冻保存，即卵母细胞首先放入预平衡液（7．5％EG＋7．5％DMSO＋Sucrose）中平衡3min，然后再移入玻璃化冷冻液中30s后装管直接投入液氮。冷冻前卵母细胞随机分为2组，一组用7．5μg／mLCB预处理30min，另一组未用CB预处理作对照组。然后都冷冻保存。解冻是在蔗糖浓度逐渐降低的解冻液中进行的。解冻后存活的卵母细胞进行孤雌激活，以分裂率和囊胚发育率作为评定卵母细胞冷冻效果的指标。结果发现，GMP组和GMP＋CB组卵母细胞解冻后的存活率（88．89％、94．20％）和培养后发育到囊胚的比率（8．82％、14．55％）差异均不显著（P〉0．05），但GMP组和GMP＋CB组存活卵母细胞激活后的分裂率差异显著（32．69％、55．56％，P〈0．05），所以细胞松弛素B预处理可以提高GMP冷冻卵母细胞的发育能力。．     

添加鱼油粉对中老年乳粉稳定性的影响

向中老年乳粉中添加不同比例鱼油粉EPA300(添加量0％、0.5％、1.0％和1.5％),并将其37℃加速贮藏90 d;以脂肪酸组成,VE、VC含量和保留率,硫代巴比妥酸反应物(thiobarbituric acid reactive substance,TBARs)值及色泽为评价指标;评价鱼油粉添加对于中老年乳粉稳定...     

鸭胚成纤维细胞培养、传代及保存方法的研究

本研究旨在建立鸭胚成纤维细胞离体培养、传代以及冷冻保存体系,为鸭胚胎或生殖干细胞的离体培养奠定基础。利用胰酶-EDTA消化鸭胚胎组织,10% FBS+DEME营养液培养,获得原代和传代成纤维细胞。分别用DMSO、甘油以及乙二醇作为冷冻保护剂对F1代鸭胚成纤维细胞进行冷冻保存,检测复苏后细胞的生长情况。利用此方法可以获得高活性的鸭胚成纤维细胞,并可成功传至第三代。其中F1代与F2代细胞活力最好,达到90%以上。3种冷冻剂保存的细胞复苏后均与F1代细胞的活力存在明显差异,均小于80%,其中用DMSO冷冻保存的细胞复苏后活力最强,生长密度保持较好。     

猪精液冷冻保护剂研究进展

 冷冻保护剂作为精液冷冻稀释液中的添加剂,能防止和减少细胞在冷冻及复苏过程中造成的损伤,确保细胞复苏后有较高存活率。论文就国内外猪精液渗透性和非渗透性精液冷冻保护剂的作用机理、应用进展等研究进行了综述。     

High developmental rates of mouse oocytes cryopreserved by an optimized vitrification protocol: the effects of cryoprotectants, calcium and cumulus cells

Unfertilized oocytes are one of the most desired germ cell stages for cryopreservation because these cryopreserved oocytes can be used for assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. However, in general, the fertility and developmental ability of cryopreserved oocytes are still low. The aim of the present study was to improve vitrification of mouse oocytes. First, the effects of calcium and cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene glycol (EG), in vitrification medium on survival and developmental ability of vitrified oocytes were evaluated. Oocytes were vitrified by a minimal volume cooling procedure using different cryoprotectants. Most of the vitrified oocytes were morphologically normal after warming, but their fertility and development were low independently of calcium and cryoprotectants. Second, the effect of cumulus cells on ability of oocytes to be fertilized and develop in vitro was examined. The fertility and developmental ability of denuded oocytes (DOs) after IVF were reduced compared with cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) both in fresh and cryopreserved groups. Vitrified COCs showed significantly (P<0.05) higher fertility and ability to develop to the 2-cell and blastocyst stages than those of vitrified DOs with cumulus cells and vitrified DOs alone. The vitrified COCs developed to term at a high success rate equivalent to the rate obtained with IVF using fresh COCs. Taken together, the current results clearly demonstrate that, in the presence of surrounding cumulus cells, matured mouse oocytes vitrified using calcium-free media and EG retain their developmental competence. These findings will contribute to improve oocyte vitrification in not only experimental animals but also clinical application for human infertility.     

Enhancement of viability of a probiotic Lactobacillus strain for poultry during freeze‐drying and storage using the response surface methodology

A rotatable central composite design (CCD) was used to study the effect of cryoprotectants (skim milk, sucrose and lactose) on the survival rate of a probiotic Lactobacillus strain, L. reuteri C10, for poultry, during freeze‐drying and storage. Using response surface methodology, a quadratic polynomial equation was obtained for response value by multiple regression analyses: Y = 8.59546 ? 0.01038 X₁ ? 0.09382 X₂ ? 0.07771 X₃ ? 0.054861 X₁² ? 0.04603X₃² ? 0.10938 X₁X₂. Based on the model predicted, sucrose exerted the strongest effect on the survival rate. At various combinations of cryoprotectants, the viability loss of the cells after freeze‐drying was reduced from 1.65 log colony forming units (CFU)/mL to 0.26–0.66 log CFU/mL. The estimated optimum combination for enhancing the survival rate of L. reuteri C10 was 19.5% skim milk, 1% sucrose and 9% lactose. Verification experiments confirmed the validity of the predicted model. The storage life of freeze‐dried L. reuteri C10 was markedly improved when cryoprotectants were used. At optimum combination of the cryoprotectants, the survival rates of freeze‐dried L. reuteri C10 stored at 4°C and 30°C for 6 months were 96.4% and 73.8%, respectively. Total viability loss of cells which were not protected by cryoprotectants occurred after 12 and 8 weeks of storage at 4°C and 30°C, respectively.     

成年小鼠雄性生殖细胞的冷冻保存

在含10％小牛血清（NBS）的DMEM培养基中，分别各添加5％，10％，15％，20％和25％的二甲基亚砜（DMSO）,丙二醇（PG），乙二醇（EG）和甘油（G），对成年小鼠睾丸生殖细胞冷冻保存；复苏后台盼蓝染色测定细胞复苏率。结果显示，5％－25％DMSO冻存液组的细胞复苏率分别为88.5%,88.0%,65.6%及51.3%;5%-25%PG冻存液组的细胞复苏率分别为87.2%,86.4%,79.0%,73.4%及40.1%.;5%-25%EG冻存液组的细胞复苏率分别为6.6%,80.9%,60.8%,51.3%及30.0%;5%-25%G冻存液组的细胞复苏率分别为86．5％，86．3％，65．3％，36．0％及31．4％。其中各抗冻剂5％和10％组的细胞复苏率最高，与15％组相比均存在显著或极显著差异。4种抗冻剂的最高细胞复苏率之间无显著差异。DMSO，PG，EG和G分别冷冻保存成年小鼠睾丸生殖细胞对的最小损失率分别为4．8％，6．1％，6．7％，6．8％。结果表明，采用慢速冷冻时，DMSO，PG，EG及G均适宜用作成年小鼠睾丸生殖细胞的抗冷冻剂，最佳使用含量均为5％－10％。成年小鼠睾丸生殖细胞分别在含5％－10％的DMSO，PG，EG和G的DMEM（含10％NBS）冻存液中，2步慢速降温，液氮储存，37℃水浴复苏，是一种具有较高复苏率的冷冻保存方法。     

Effects of pH, sodium bicarbonate, cryoprotectants and foetal bovine serum on the cryopreservation of European eel sperm.

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of pH and bicarbonate concentration in the activation or inhibition of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) spermatozoa and to evaluate the effect of different cryoprotectants: dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), acetamide, ethylene glycol, propanol, glycerol and methanol (MeOH). The effect of these factors was evaluated comparing the percentage of motile cells, the percentage of alive cells (by Hoechst staining) and the spermatozoa morphometry pre- and post-cryopreservation (by computer-assisted morphology analysis). Based on the above findings, three cryoprotectants (DMSO, MeOH and glycerol) were chosen and evaluated in two media (P1 and P1 modified) with different concentrations of NaHCO(3) and in the presence or absence of foetal bovine serum (FBS). The effect of these factors was evaluated comparing the percentage of alive and motile cells post-cryopreservation. DMSO was the cryoprotectant showing better results in relation to the percentage of spermatic alive cells post-freezing and caused a smaller modification of the head spermatozoa morphology. The combination of P1-modified medium with DMSO and containing FBS increased slightly but significantly the percentage of motile spermatozoa post-cryopreservation.     

Exogenous expression of rat aquaporin-3 enhances permeability to water and cryoprotectants of immature oocytes in the zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Movement of water and cryoprotectants through the plasma membrane needs to be accelerated for successful cryopreservation of zebrafish oocytes/embryos, which are much larger than their mammalian counterparts. Aquaporin-3 is a water/solute channel that can transport not only water but also various cryoprotectants. In this study, we attempted to increase the permeability of immature zebrafish oocytes at stage III to water and cryoprotectants by exogenous expression of rat aquaporin-3. Immature zebrafish oocytes were injected with rat aquaporin-3 cRNA and cultured for 5-12 h. Permeability to water and cryoprotectants was then determined based on changes in the volumes of the oocytes in a hypertonic sucrose solution and various cryoprotectant solutions at 25 C. The permeability to water of the aquaporin-3 cRNA-injected oocytes was three times higher than that of intact and water-injected oocytes. The permeability of the aquaporin-3 cRNA-injected oocytes to ethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, and DMSO was also 2-4 times higher than that of intact oocytes. Thus, the permeability of immature zebrafish oocytes to water and cryoprotectants was enhanced by exogenous expression of aquaporin-3. Cryopreservation of teleost oocytes may be realized through a further increase in permeability.     

Effect of cooling rate and cryoprotectant on the cryosurvival of equine spermatozoa

Cryosurvival of cells is reduced if the cooling rate used is suboptimal. If cells cool too rapidly, intracellular water will freeze, causing intracellular ice crystals. However, if spermatozoa are cooled too slowly, excessive cellular dehydration occurs, causing irreversible damage to cellular compartments. In addition, cryoprotectants are added to the freezing diluent to protect cells from damage during cryopreservation. This study was conducted to determine the optimal cooling rate for stallion spermatozoa frozen in the presence of three different cryoprotectants. Spermatozoa were frozen in a skim milk, egg yolk diluent containing 4% glycerol, and ethylene glycol or dimethyl formamide at 10 different cooling rates ranging from 5°C/min to 50°C/min. The percentage of viable spermatozoa was higher for spermatozoa cooled at 10°C/min than at 50°C/min (P < .05). Spermatozoa frozen using glycerol as the cryoprotectant had higher percentages of motile and progressively motile spermatozoa compared with spermatozoa frozen using the other two cryoprotectants (P < .05). In conclusion, the cryosurvival of stallion spermatozoa is similar when cooling rates of 5°C/min to 45°C/min are used, and when 4% cryoprotectant is used, glycerol is a more effective cryoprotectant than ethylene glycol or dimethyl formamide.     

小鼠肾细胞冻存过程中甘油浓度的优化

目的:探讨在冻存小鼠肾细胞过程中,通过优化冷冻保护剂中甘油浓度的加入量,以达到小鼠肾细胞的最佳冻存效果。方法:将小鼠肾细胞制备成单细胞悬液,然后加入不同浓度的冷冻保护剂甘油,冻存细胞,比较细胞冻存效果,计算细胞成活率。四个组的甘油加入量分别为5%、10%、15%、20%。结果:在小鼠肾细胞冻存过程中,当冷冻保护剂中甘油的浓度达到10%时,冻存效果最佳,细胞成活率达到89.57%。