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无公害畜产品生产是一项系统控制工程,涉及到饲料生产、饲养环境、饲养管理、兽药使用、动物防疫、屠宰加工、包装运输等多个环节,每一个环节都要进行严格质量控制。依据有关法规、标准,科学组织生产并全面实施控制技术,以确保无公害畜产品质量。 相似文献
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饲料是发展养猪的物质基础,也是提高养猪经济效益的根本。因而生产中重视饲料的营养经济,提高饲料利用率至关重要。而提高饲料利用率的科学途径,笔者认为主要有: 一、科学设计饲料的配方,以配制营养全面,消化率高,适口性好和体积适中的饲料饲喂。饲料配方是配制饲料的核心技术,也是动物营养学与饲养学有机结合的结晶与媒介。要设计高质量的饲料,必须做到: 1.要灵活应用饲养标准:饲养标准是指一定品种的健康畜禽,在适宜的条件下,达到最优生产性能时,营养的最低需要量。它是对一定时期动物营养科研成果和畜牧业发展水平的总结。但由于试验动物的选择和供试饲料品质等因素的制约,而导致饲养标准存在明显的时间 相似文献
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动物饲养试验是动物营养与饲料科学研究的重要方法之一,常用来评价饲料的营养价值、筛选最佳饲粮配方、研究营养代谢及营养需要等,是目前多数农业院校动物营养与饲料科学课程的实践教学内容,其中涉及多个关键环节,包括考查因素、水平、试验动物、试验日粮、试验设计、考查指标、数据收集与整理、数据统计等,正确把握这些环节是动物饲养试验取得良好效果的关键,也是该课程中需要考核的要素。对动物饲养试验的多个关键环节进行了讨论和总结,供实践教学课程参考和借鉴,以期提高教学效果和推进实践教学改革。 相似文献
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无公害畜产品的生产涉及到产地饲养环境、饲料及饲料添加剂的使用、兽药使用、动物防疫、饲养管理及屠宰加工、包装运输等诸多方面和环节,要生产合格的无公害畜产品,必须在各环节找到关键制约因素并加以控制,建立和完善预防性食品安全保证体系。 相似文献
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加入WTO后,更多的畜产品亟待走出国门,随着生活水平的提高,国内消费市场也愈加注重畜产品的品质和风味.虽在动物营养方面对影响产品品质和风味的因素目前尚未全面了解,我们更有必要合理选用饲料,有目的地组织饲料供应,制定饲养计划,生产出满足人们需要的动物产品,也利于使动物生产获得良好经济效益. 相似文献
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营养是动物的客观要求 ,饲料是营养素供应途径 ,营养与饲料科学研究的目标———解决畜禽对营养物质“供”与“求”的矛盾。随着畜禽养殖业和饲料工业迅速发展 ,动物生产水平和营养物质利用率有了极大提高 ,这 5 0 %~ 75 %取决于营养研究的发展。半个世纪以来 ,动物与营养研究结合 ,使动物生产得到突飞猛进的发展。猪的生长速度和饲料利用率比 5 0年以前提高了 1倍以上。出栏时间缩短到 6个月以下。奶牛产奶量比 5 0年以前提高了6~ 8倍 ,最高达 1 5倍以上 ,每产 1kg奶只需要 0 .4~ 0 .7kg日粮 ,其中还包括大约 40 %~ 60 %的粗饲料。… 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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