陕西温室黄瓜根腐病及流行因素研究

为明确陕西省温室黄瓜根腐病的病原及流行影响因素, 采用病原物组织分离的常规方法及田间系统调查, 对陕西温室黄瓜棚室出现的两种类型根腐病进行了系统研究。结果表明, 陕西省不同生态区温室黄瓜根腐病病原菌不同, 陕北地区黄瓜根腐病病原菌为甜瓜疫霉（Phytophthora melonis）, 关中地区为尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）。菌落均在10-30 ℃条件下正常生长发育, 以20-25 ℃条件下发育最快, 当温度超过 30 ℃菌落生长速度减慢。设施栽培面积的增加、土壤连作年限的延长、不合理的轮作种植及大水漫灌等与温室黄瓜根腐病的发生密切相关。黄瓜栽培环境的变化是影响黄瓜根腐病流行的主要因素     

定西市黄芪根腐病优势病原菌生物学特性研究

采用菌落生长法研究了定西市黄芪根腐病优势病原菌的生物学特性。结果表明,黄芪根部腐烂病害的优势致病病原菌为腐皮镰刀菌,其生长最适温度为25 ℃,最适pH为5～8。菌丝的致死温度为60 ℃恒温10 min。产孢最适温度为25 ℃,在pH为6时产孢量最高。能利用多种单糖、多糖及醇类作碳源和赖氨酸等有机氮和硝酸铵等无机氮作氮源。该菌对环境条件的适应范围较广,对营养要求不是很严格,菌丝生长和孢子产生的适宜条件及适应范围与甘肃黄芪栽培区的环境条件较为一致,这也是甘肃地区黄芪根腐病近年来发病严重的原因之一。     

黄土高原温室黄瓜斑潜蝇发生规律研究

通过大田调查与室内试验相结合的方法,研究了黄土高原温室黄瓜斑潜蝇发生规律。结果表明,黄土高原温室黄瓜斑潜蝇有4种,美洲斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae)为优势种,在温室内年发生8～10代,10月中旬～11月下旬为第一个发生高峰期,3月下旬至5月中旬为第二个发生高峰即防治关键时期。以各种虫态在温室内取食为害度过冬天,不能在田间自然条件下越冬。斑潜蝇幼虫在黄瓜植株上的垂直分布具有明显的层次性,以中下部密度最大,占90％以上。温度超过45℃持续2h或土壤相对湿度达100％超过20h,蛹羽化率均为0。温室种植模式、栽培面积及天敌等是影响斑潜蝇种群数量的主要因素。     

中国连栋温室黄瓜周年生产能耗分布模拟

温室作物周年生产单位产量的能耗是进行温室投资风险评估和优化温室气候控制的重要指标。为明确中国温室作物周年生产单位产量能耗分布规律,该文以Venlo型连栋温室和温室主栽作物黄瓜为研究对象,选取中国有代表性的224个气象观测站点25 a（1981－2005年）每日平均气候资料（每日最高最低气温、水汽压、日照时数和平均风速）,利用温室能耗预测模型和作物生长模型,模拟预测在商业化生产中常用的两种不同的温室温度（白天和夜间温度控制目标分别为控制策略一：24℃与19℃,控制策略二：20 ℃与15℃）和CO2体积分数（增施：1000 mL/L,自然通风不增施：350 mL/L）控制策略下,连栋温室黄瓜周年生产所需的能耗和黄瓜的潜在产量。在此基础上,进一步计算每单位黄瓜产量所需要的能耗,并利用GIS技术及反距离权重插值方法获得空间上连续分布的栅格数据,得到中国连栋温室黄瓜周年生产单位产量能耗分布图。结果表明,中国温室周年生产黄瓜单位产量能耗总体趋势是从低纬度地区向高纬高海拔的寒冷地区增加。两种温度控制策略下各地的黄瓜单位产量能耗差异在8%以内,但增施CO2可以降低各地的黄瓜单位产量能耗达29%～67%,低纬度地区降低幅度大于高纬高海拔区。中国温室能耗主要受室外气候和温室温度控制目标影响;在两种温室温度控制策略下,黄瓜潜在产量主要受室外光照条件和室内CO2浓度影响。增施CO2能够大幅提高黄瓜产量,是增加温室作物产量和提高能耗利用率的有效手段。该研究结果可为中国不同区域连栋温室投资风险评估和从能耗角度优化温室环境调控提供支持。     

温度对不同年限日光温室土壤氮素矿化特性的影响

【目的】日光温室作为具有我国特色的一种高强度的栽培方式,过量施肥问题突出。随着温室栽培在我国北方地区规模的不断扩大,由此带来的土壤退化和地下水污染问题值得关注。不少研究表明,随着日光温室栽培年限的增加,土壤有机质含量不断增加;且温室栽培中的土壤温度与露地存在很大差异,其土壤氮素矿化特性如何,尚缺乏研究。【方法】本研究以位于黄土高原南部陕西省杨凌示范区不同栽培年限的日光温室土壤为研究对象,采用室内好气培养法(84 d)测定不同培养温度(20℃和30℃)对不同年限温室(0 3年)土壤0—20 cm及20—40cm土层氮素矿化量,采用一级动力学方程拟合土壤氮素矿化曲线,根据土壤氮矿化势(N0)评价不同栽培年限温室土壤氮素矿化特性。【结果】1)随着日光温室栽培年限的增加,土壤有机质、全氮含量和氮素累积矿化量随之显著增加。2)30℃的土壤氮素累积矿化量高于20℃的矿化累积量;栽培年限长的日光温室矿化作用对温度的敏感程度高于年限短的温室。3)若温度和栽培年限同时增加,土壤氮素累积矿化量随之增加,说明温度和栽培年限对土壤氮素净矿化量有一定的交互作用,但差异不显著(P0.05)。4)日光温室栽培年限越长,土壤氮矿化势(N0)越大;与种植前相比,第2a、3a温室土壤氮矿化势增加了5.59和11.48倍。5)回归分析表明,0—20 cm土层土壤有机质含量每增加1 g/kg,20℃和30℃条件下土壤氮矿化势(No)分别增加2.70及3.18 mg/kg;土壤全氮含量每增加1g/kg,No分别增加37.28及43.12 mg/kg。【结论】日光温室土壤氮素矿化量随其栽培年限的增加显著增加;培养温度由20℃增加到30℃,土壤氮素矿化量也明显增加,日光温室栽培年限和温度对土壤氮矿化有一定的正交互效应。因此,在日光温室氮素管理中应考虑栽培年限和温度对土壤氮素矿化的影响,以采取针对性的氮素管理措施。     

叶片氮浓度对温室黄瓜花后叶片最大总光合速率影响的模拟

光合作用是作物产量和品质形成的基础,直接受到叶片含氮量的影响.该文通过不同定植期不同氮素处理试验,建立了不同光温条件下温室黄瓜叶片适宜氮浓度的求算方程,并定量分析了不同光温条件下黄瓜叶片最大总光合速率与叶片氮浓度的关系.在此基础上,进一步建立了适合不同光温条件的温室黄瓜花后叶片最大总光合速率与叶片氮浓度关系的通用模型,并用与建模相独立的试验数据对模型进行了检验.结果表明,建立的模型能较好地预测不同定植期黄瓜叶片氮浓度对叶片最大总光合速率的影响.模型对温室黄瓜叶片最大总光合速率的预测结果与实测结果之间基于1:1直线的决定系数和均方根差分别为0.83和1.56 μmol·m-2·s-1.建立的模型可以为温室黄瓜周年生产的氮素精确管理提供理论依据与决策支持.     

温室滴灌黄瓜产量和水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应

为确定滴灌条件下温室黄瓜的适宜灌水方案,该文基于20 cm标准蒸发皿的累计水面蒸发量设计不同灌水处理,研究了滴灌条件下不同灌水处理(充分灌水T1,轻度水分亏缺T2,中度水分亏缺T3)对不同种植季节温室黄瓜生理特性、耗水量(Evapotranspiration,ET_c)、产量及水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)的影响,且于2017年8—12月(秋冬季)和2018年3—7月(春夏季)分别对不同灌水处理下土壤水分状况、作物生理指标、耗水量、产量和WUE等指标进行了系统的田间试验观测及分析。研究结果表明,随着灌水量的减小,温室黄瓜产量和WUE均呈降低趋势,不同程度的水分亏缺对黄瓜不同生育期ET_c有一定的抑制作用,在黄瓜生长任一阶段发生水分亏缺均会降低黄瓜植株的茎流速率、光合速率及气孔导度,进而可能影响黄瓜干物质的运转与积累,其中在作物生长中期,温室黄瓜茎流速率及产量对水分亏缺响应最为显著。黄瓜平均单果质量、果茎、果长和单株坐果数均随灌水量的降低而减小,黄瓜果实畸形比例随不同生长阶段水分亏缺的增大而增大。不同种植季节温室黄瓜T1处理的产量分别高出T2和T3处理的22.0%和51.2%(春夏季)、54.2%和73.9%(秋冬季);温室黄瓜T1处理的ET_c分别高出T2和T3处理的17.4%和34.9%(春夏季)、24.0%和48.0%(秋冬季);T1处理的WUE分别高出T2和T3处理的5.5%和25%(春夏季)、39.7%和50.0%(秋冬季)。综合研究结果,黄瓜发育期适宜灌溉水量为累计水面蒸发量的0.8倍,生长中、后期为累计水面蒸发量的1.2倍。研究结果对实现农业水分高效利用及促进设施作物优质、高产具有重要参考价值。     

不同果实负载下温室黄瓜干物质分配的模拟

黄瓜是中国温室栽培的最主要作物之一,果实负载决定着果实发育和产量,构建不同果实负载下温室黄瓜干物质分配模型对温室黄瓜栽培管理具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。根据温室黄瓜生长对光温需求,以辐热积（TEP）为尺度建立温室黄瓜干物质分配模型,并用与建模试验不同的试验数据进行模型检验。模型对温室黄瓜茎、叶和果实干质量的预测结果与实测值1∶1线回归估计标准误（RMSE）和决定系数（R2）分别为223.08、119.23、316.34 kg/hm2和0.76、0.73、0.75,模型的预测结果与实测值之间的吻合度较好。     

复合相变储能保温砂浆在日光温室中的应用效果

为改善日光温室内作物生长的热环境,该文研制了一种适用于日光温室的石膏基石蜡/膨胀珍珠岩复合相变储能保温砂浆,其相变温度为25.6℃,相变潜热为89.8 k J/kg。并将50 mm的复合相变保温砂浆用于砖墙日光温室的后墙作为试验温室,与无相变材料的原砖墙温室(即对照温室)进行对比试验。在试验周期内,试验温室的室内日最低温度比对照温室平均高出1.5℃,最高可达2.4℃;其中,阴天试验温室的室内温度比对照温室平均高1.6℃;晴天试验温室的室内最高温度比对照温室低1.7℃,室内最大温差比对照温室低3.1℃,夜间(17:00-次日8:00)试验温室室温比对照温室平均高2.7℃;多云期间,试验温室的室内最高温比对照温室低1.4℃,最大温差比对照温室低3.5℃,夜间试验温室室温比对照温室平均高2.3℃;在相同栽培管理条件下,生长旺盛期和坐果期,试验温室的黄瓜植株高度比对照温室分别平均高出17.1和24.6 cm,试验温室内黄瓜的单果质量和单株结果数分别为对照温室的1.4倍和1.3倍,单株产量为对照温室的1.8倍。试验结果表明,复合相变储能保温砂浆具有良好的保温和蓄、放热效果,对日光温室内的热环境具有明显的改善效果,使其更适于黄瓜的生长。     

电导率对温室黄瓜叶面积和干物质生产影响的动态模拟

电导率是温室营养液管理的重要参数.为定量研究不同电导率对温室黄瓜光合与干物质生产的影响,该文以温室黄瓜为试验材料,于2009年10月至2010年7月进行了不同电导率的营养液栽培的试验,定量分析了电导率对温室黄瓜叶面积、光合速率和干物质生产的影响,构建了以辐热积为尺度的叶面积指数、最大光合速率和干物质生产模型,并用独立的试验数据对模型进行了检验.结果表明:模型对温室黄瓜叶面积、最大光合速率和干物质产量的模拟值与实测值之间的决定系数分别为0.89、0.93和0.94,回归估计标准误差分别为0.21m2/m2、1.52 μmol/(m2.s)和36.77 kg/hm2,预测相对误差分别为4.5％、11％和9.2％.该研究建立的模型可以为温室黄瓜的营养液管理和决策提供依据.     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.