基于模糊PID控制的飞船返回舱打捞水平姿态补偿系统研究

为提高高海况飞船返回舱打捞成功率与安全性,介绍了一种舷侧柔性打捞系统方法原理。针对救助母船运动对拦截臂打捞稳定安全性问题,提出了一种以吊机变幅油缸为执行机构控制拦截臂横摇运动方法,采用传统PID控制方法和模糊PID控制方法分别对打捞水平姿态补偿系统进行模型试验研究,模型试验系统的横摇运动通过摇摆台模拟实现。结果显示:采用传统PID控制受电液比例换向阀反向死区的影响,变幅油缸缩回延时不能及时补偿而严重影响打捞效率,而模糊PID控制能改善控制性能,模型试验系统具有响应速度快、运行稳定可靠特点,模拟六级海况下补偿精度达到±1.3°,能满足高海况打捞要求。该理论方法和试验数据可为原型样机的控制优化设计提供参考。     

神舟六号传喜讯大洋深处奏凯歌--中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所胜利完成神舟六号发射海上应急保障任务

2005年10月12日,是我国载人航天事业又一个载入史册的日子。随着“神舟六号”的成功发射,装载着由我所自行设计、具有自主知识产权的“高海况打捞设备”的海上救捞保障船队,也圆满完成了任务。高海况打捞设备是国家载人航天工程着陆场系统中的一个非常重要的组成部分,承担着航天员应急逃逸救生的重要职责。当飞船在发射后上升段的583秒时间段内,一旦出现情况,按预定程序飞船可应急返回于预定的三个海域,在太平洋风高浪急的恶劣海况条件下,高海况打捞设备能迅速、有效地实施返回舱海上救捞,从而确保航天员的生命安全。该设备的研制成功,标志…     

水科院渔机所胜利完成"神舟"六号发射海上应急保障任务

2005年10月12日,是我国载人航天事业又一个载入史册的日子。随着“神舟”六号的成功发射,装载着由中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所承担研制的“高海况打捞设备”的海上救捞保障船队,也圆满完成了出海应急救捞保障任务。“高海况打捞设备”项目是中国水科院渔机所建所以来担负的技术难度最大的科研项目之一,是国家载人航天工程着陆场系统一个非常重要的组成部分,承担着航天员应急逃逸救生的重要职责。在茫茫太平洋风高浪急的海况下,当飞船在发射上升阶段出现应急溅落在海上情况时,只有依靠“高海况打捞设备”,才能迅速、有效地对返回舱实施海上救捞,从而确保航天员的生     

上海水产大学设计的航天返回舱打捞网已交付使用

(本刊讯)“神州五号”飞船即将发射升空。承担海上救护任务的航天返回舱打捞网是由上海水产大学崔建章教授设计的,并在通过验收后交付使用。为确保航天员的人身安全,有关部门设置了“高海况航天返回舱打捞网系统研制”的课题,其目的:万一发射或返回时产生故障,载人返回舱溅落在海上时,专门救捞船就要将其捞起,救出航天员。但是,在大风大浪的天气条件下,既要迅速捞起返回舱,又不伤及航天员,并非易事。崔建章教授自1998年参加相关课题后,在原研究人员数年调研的基础上,利用海洋捕鱼中臻已成熟的技术,结合返回舱打捞的特殊要求,采用优秀的制网…     

高海况漂浮物打捞网具的研究试验

为在高海况下安全打捞落水人员和重要的漂浮物,设计了一种打捞网具。为此研究了打捞过程中船舶行进速度、网口高度、打捞物体吃水深度等参数对打捞网性能影响;通过网具模型试验,模拟网具打捞作业,测试网具在打捞体进网前后力的变化,分析了打捞物体吃水深度与进网匹配性、进网的拖网速度以及网具受到的最大撞击力等。结果显示,试验用打捞体的进网条件受其吃水深度和网具拖速的影响较大。在打捞体吃水深度一定时,打捞体可在拖速≥2.5 kn时顺利进入网内;但当拖速过大,网口垂直扩张系数越小,不利于进网。试验范围内的最大撞击力随着拖速的提高而增大,最大值为27.84 k N。研究表明,网具最大撞击力的参数值对网线材料的选择与强度设计、网具支撑拦截臂架的结构强度计算具有指导意义。     

浒苔打捞脱水工艺及关键设备

为了对漂浮在海面上的浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)进行快速、高效的打捞处理,研究设计双浮拖网兼水泵抽吸水面聚拢浒苔的打捞方式,在船上直接进行脱水和打包集成处理.该系统解决了原来松散浒苔占据打捞船舶的有效空间和频繁卸载浒苔的问题,提高了打捞效率.     

射流式浒苔打捞机的设计与试验

近两年青岛夏季沿岸浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)大量出现,为高效完成浒苔打捞工作,在现有船用离心泵和喷射泵的基础上,组装成射流式打捞机,从青岛市小麦岛浒苔收集处采集新鲜浒苔,在水池中进行浒苔打捞试验.结果表明,射流式浒苔打捞装置的工作效率达到7.2 t/h.为了进一步提高装置的工作效率,在原有设备的基础上,对离心泵和喷射泵均进行改进,喷射泵改为双吸口,位于泵体两侧,同时离心泵的入水口也作为浒苔吸口使用,并给出喷射泵主要设计参数.     

远洋围网捕捞装备的自动化集成控制

中国远洋围网装备由于缺少自动化技术支撑,因而围网作业效率低,人工成本高,围网渔船整体性能仍处于较低的水平。基于围网作业工艺流程,开展成套装备性能匹配技术研究,阐述了关键设备结构设计、液压系统动力规划与电气控制系统工作原理,集成液压负载敏感控制技术与机电液一体化技术,合理化布局围网作业功能区域,研制鱼类围捕起运成套高效作业装备,研发捕捞系统装备自动化控制系统,实现了绞车收放与渔具渔法协同控制的目的。船舶航行试验和设备联合试验表明整个起放网作业时间不超过30 min,整个渔捞作业过程由原先10～14人缩减为6人,验证了自动化集成控制系统的协调性、可靠性与高效性,大大提高了远洋围网渔船捕捞效率与作业水平。     

700—900KW双船底拖网渔船绞纲机液压系统分析

本文是对茂名市大功率双船底拖网渔船液压绞纲机液压系统进行的实船作业调查分析。在此基础上，结合大功率双船底拖网渔船的作业特点，对液压系统进行了改进设计。通过装船三年多的使用证明，该系统适合南海渔场十级以下强风的各种海况捕捞作业。     

摇臂式波浪发电装置设计与试验研究

中国大多数波浪发电装置目前都处于初级海试阶段,装置在实际海况中的运行效果也普遍不佳。为提高波浪发电装置在小波浪海况下的适应能力及浮子取能效率,基于液压传动系统设计了一种摇臂式波浪发电装置,采用波浪齿条+群组油缸核心技术,能克服目前浮子仅连接一个液压缸导致取能不足的缺陷。为验证该装置的可行性,首先基于设计原理,通过AMESim仿真软件对装置的液压系统进行仿真分析;然后在水动力水池中对整个装置进行模型试验。仿真结果显示,装置的液压系统在小波高海况下可以正常工作;模型试验结果显示,即使在小波高下,该波浪发电装置也能连续、稳定地发电,并且在同类波浪发电装置中具有较高的浮子取能效率。仿真和模型试验结果都验证了该装置设计的可行性。本研究可为其他波浪发电装置的研究设计提供参考。     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Rare serotype occurrence and PFGE genotypic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia in China

Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.     

Evaluation of a Fast Method Based on the Presence of Two Restriction Sites in the Mitochondrial ND5 (mt ND5) Gene for the Identification of Scomber Species

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus.     

Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review

Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.     

Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.     

Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection

Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg^?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).