鸡呼吸系统疾病的预防措施

鸡的呼吸系统疾病常年均易发生,秋冬季节是呼吸系统疾病的高发季节,严重威害鸡群的健康生长和生产效益。鸡的呼吸系统疾病包括鼻腔疾病、气管疾病、支气管疾病、肺脏疾病、气囊炎病,造成这些疾病的原因有病毒因素、细菌因素及饲养管理方面的问题。1临床症状     

畜禽疾病防控的六要素

畜禽受环境因素、应激因素、营养因素以及有毒有害物质等的入侵致使动物机体的正常功能受损,动物就会发生疾病.畜禽疾病有两种类型,即传染性疾病和非传染性疾病,这两种类型对畜禽来讲都有伤害,其中传染性疾病伤害最大.畜禽疾病发生前后,对疾病的防控尤为重要,该文重点讲解畜禽疾病防控的六要素,以期为养殖行业对疾病的防控提供参考.     

季节性气候变化对猪疾病的影响及预防策略探讨

本文主要以季节性气候变化对猪疾病的影响及预防策略为重点进行阐述,首先分析季节性气候变化的特点,其次从增加生猪患病率、加强生猪疾病的发现以及治疗、健全生猪疾病预防体系、树立生猪疾病的防治意识、优化疾病预防方案几个方面深入说明并探讨预防生猪疾病的相关策略,最后阐述生猪疾病的基本防治思路,包含呼吸系统疾病的防治、消化系统疾病的防治、传染病治疗的防治,强化生猪疾病的控制和管理效率,目的是给相关研究带来条件支持。     

鸡几种呼吸道疾病的临床鉴别诊断

鸡呼吸道疾病的病因复杂，它不是一种独立的疾病，而是一系列疾病的症候群。正确认识此类疾病，有助于对疾病的诊断和防治。现将发病的原因和诊断要点分述如下。     

动物消化系统病理变化的特点

消化系统疾病与全身性疾病关系密切。消化系统疾病可有消化道外其他系统或全身表现,甚至在某个时期内会掩盖本系统的基本症状;而全身疾病常以消化系症状为其主要表现,或者消化道病变仅是全身疾病的组成部分之一。因此,消化疾病的诊治必     

治疗家禽疾病的用药原则

细节和原则是药物治疗家禽疾病的关键点。治疗家禽疾病应以现阶段药物治疗家禽疾病的实际为基础,结合近年来家禽疾病的特点,把握药物治疗家禽疾病的原则,优化治疗手段。     

奶牛临床用药存在的问题

为了解我国奶牛疾病治疗用药情况,我们通过现场与问卷结合的形式,在全国各个地区进行了相关调查.结果显示,各奶牛场均以消化道疾病、乳房炎、子宫疾病、卵巢疾病和肢蹄疾病为主要疾病.从单种疾病发生的频率看,乳房炎和子宫内膜炎发病率最高,前胃弛缓、肢蹄病、犊牛腹泻、卵巢疾病、胎衣不下、生产瘫痪、瘤胃积食、肺炎等为奶牛常发疾病.     

鸡常见呼吸道疾病防制措施

鸡的呼吸道疾病在养鸡生产中是比较复杂的，疾病的种类也很多。有的是由病毒引起的，有的是由细菌和支原体引起的。因此，鸡的呼吸道疾病在养鸡生产中是不容忽视的一类疾病。预防和及时治疗呼吸道疾病之所以重要，一方面是由于这种疾病经常发生，各种日龄的鸡均可感染。另一方面是发病率高而且容易引起多种疾病的继发感染，     

509例儿童肾活检病理及临床分析

目的 探讨儿童肾小球疾病病理特点及其与临床表现的关系.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2010年5月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院进行肾活检的509例患儿病理及临床资料,比较原发性肾小球疾病和继发性肾小球疾病的病理和临床特征.结果 ①509例肾活检患儿中,原发性肾小球疾病315例,继发性肾小球疾病184例,遗传性肾小球疾病和肾血管疾病分别为6例、2例,肾小管间质性肾炎2例.②与原发性肾小球疾病组比较,继发性肾小球疾病组平均受检年龄大于原发性肾小球疾病组[(10.54±2.72)岁vs(8.62±3.28)岁],受检时平均病程较原发性肾小球疾病组短(30.00 d vs 60.00 d).③原发性肾小球疾病组最常见的临床表现和病理类型分别为肾病综合征、系膜增生性肾小球肾炎(MsPGN),继发性肾小球疾病组中分别为过敏性紫癜性肾炎和MsPGN.④近年来本院受检儿童肾小球疾病构成比发生变化.原发性肾小球疾病仍为最常见的肾小球疾病,最常见的病理类型是MsPGN和IgA肾病.孤立性血尿及狼疮性肾炎比例增加.结论 肾脏病理检查技术的开展促进了肾小球疾病诊疗水平的提高,同时该技术可能也直接影响肾小球疾病住院构成比的变化.     

中医辨证治疗牛瘤胃积食的临床疗效观察

牛的瘤胃积食疾病属于比较常见的疾病，占牛常见消化道疾病的50％左右。掌握牛瘤胃积食疾病的病因和临床症状，并采取中医辨证治疗方案，可有效治疗此疾病，最大限度地减少养殖户的经济损失。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.