兴安落叶松单宁含量的器官差异与季节变化

兴安落叶松是生产落叶松单宁的重要原材料,随着天保工程的实施,使得主要原料树皮供应紧张。通过2003～2004年的测定结果表明,除现用的树皮(8.8%～15.4%)生产原料外,根系(约7.8%)、树枝(1.0%～7.0%)甚至叶片(4.0%～8.0%)都可以成为生产原料,而树干木质部含量过低(0.6%～1.4%)不宜成为生产原材料。不同季节单宁含量差异结果表明,秋季(9～10月)的落叶松单宁含量都显著高于其它季节,因此,原材料的收集应该在秋季。此外,叶片单宁含量与光照强度呈现显著正相关。     

兴安落叶松针叶氮浓度的季节动态和种源差异

通过研究4个种源(塔河、松岭、黑河、带岭)兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii Rupr.)、多年生枝针叶和当年生枝针叶氮浓度的季节动态和种源差异,结果表明:4种源兴安落叶松多年生枝针叶和当年生枝针叶氮浓度均在8月份达到最大值,7月份出现最小值;当年生枝叶氮浓度仅在生长季初期的6月和7月存在显著差异(P0.05),而多年生枝叶氮浓度在整个生长季内都无显著差异。     

结实量对兴安落叶松和长白落叶松针叶内游离氨基酸含量的影响

研究不同种类落叶松结实量与其抗性的关系,采用柱前衍生高效液相色谱法检测分析兴安落叶松和长白落叶松在不同结实等级情况下针叶内游离氨基酸含量变化.结果表明:兴安和长白落叶松针叶内含有17种游离氨基酸,虽然苯丙氨酸在2种落叶松内均为优势氨基酸,但2种落叶松针叶内的多种与抗性相关的游离氨基酸含量存在较大差异;兴安落叶松针叶内丙氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸和缬氨酸含量在不同结实等级间存在较大差异,长白落叶松针叶内天门冬氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量在不同结实等级间存在较大差异;兴安落叶松针叶内天门冬氨酸含量显著小于其在长白落叶松针叶内含量;当结实较少时,2种落叶松针叶内游离氨基酸总量,显著低于其他3个结实等级的游离氨基酸总量,结实较多时,针叶内游离氨基酸总量最高.说明结实量大小直接影响落叶松针叶内的资源分配,进而改变其对植食昆虫的适口性及抗性,种类间的差异对落叶松具有同样的影响.     

兴安落叶松原始林生态系统碳密度与碳储量研究

选择大兴安岭杜香-兴安落叶松林、杜鹃-兴安落叶松林、柴桦-兴安落叶松林、草类-兴安落叶松林和藓类-兴安落叶松林5种原始林的林木、下木植被、枯落物、木质残体4种碳库层、林木各器官采用野外实地取样与室内实验分析相结合的方法分别进行碳密度和碳储量的研究。结果表明:1)林木器官碳密度大小序列为树干>树根>树皮>树枝>树叶,分别占林木总碳密度的54.89%,21.98%,10.76%,9.65%和2.72%。2)5种林分类型碳密度大小依次为草类-兴安落叶松林型(83.992 4 t/hm2)>杜鹃-兴安落叶松林型(54.788 8t/hm2)>藓类-兴安落叶松林型(50.612 1 t/hm2)>杜香-兴安落叶松林型(49.396 4 t/hm2)>柴桦-兴安落叶松林型(48.587 8 t/hm2),得出兴安落叶松原始林生态系统平均碳密度为57.475 5 t/hm2。3)研究区内兴安落叶松原始林生态系统总碳储量为2.840 3TgC,各碳库层的空间分布序列为林木层(2.054 3 TgC)>枯落物层(0.349 5 TgC)>下木植被层(0.231 6 TgC)>木质残体层(0.204 9 TgC),分别占生态系统总碳储量的72.33%,12.31%,8.15%和7.21%。     

兴安落叶松人工林冠层气体交换的时空特性

在生长季定期测定兴安落叶松林主要组成树种兴安落叶松和白桦树冠上部、中部和下部叶片的光合作用和呼吸作用.结果表明:兴安落叶松当年生枝针叶在8、9月份最大净光合速率在冠层间差异显著.8月份最高,从上至下分别为13.09、8.63和9.07 μmolCO2·m-2s-1.落叶松往年生枝针叶的最大净光合速率在生长季差异不显著,其平均最大净光合速率为8.22 μmolCO2·m-2s-1.在整个生长季白桦冠层间的最大净光合速率均差异显著,从上至下,依次为17.56、13.01和9.58 μmolCO2·m-2s-1;白桦叶片、落叶松当年生枝针叶和落叶松往年生枝针叶的暗呼吸速率差异随着时间的变化而发生改变,但冠层之间无显著差异.在整个生长季中,白桦叶片、落叶松当年生枝针叶和落叶松往年生枝针叶的暗呼吸速率分别为0.47～1.40,0.83～1.46和0.68～1.63 μmolCO2·m-2s-1.2树种的暗呼吸速率与叶片温度显著正相关,与光照不相关.除白桦冠层上层叶片外,光合作用与生长季叶片温度的变化无明显相关性;白桦和落叶松生长季的不同时期冠层气体交换是动态变化的,但变化式样具有种的特异性.     

外源茉莉酸类化合物对2种落叶松针叶内单宁含量的影响

为明确外源茉莉酸类化合物对落叶松防御物质单宁的诱导作用,利用喷雾处理和香草醛比色测定法,研究不同浓度外源茉莉酸类化合物对2年生兴安落叶松和长白落叶松的诱导作用,及对其针叶内单宁含量变化的影响。喷施茉莉酮(ZJ)、茉莉酸甲酯(MJA)和茉莉酸(JA)后,2种树体针叶内单宁含量增加或减少波动明显,诱导作用可持续10～20天。茉莉酮对兴安落叶松针叶内单宁含量变化的影响较茉莉酸甲酯和茉莉酸显著;但3种茉莉酸类化合物均明显影响长白落叶松针叶内单宁含量的变化。0.01mmol·L-1茉莉酮、茉莉酸甲酯和1mmol·L-1茉莉酸诱导兴安落叶松针叶内单宁含量明显变化;0.01mmol·L-1茉莉酸甲酯和1mmol·L-1茉莉酸对长白落叶松针叶内单宁含量变化影响显著。3种茉莉酸类化合物诱导兴安落叶松针叶内单宁含量的变化幅度高于长白落叶松。总之,喷施外源茉莉酸类化合物能够诱导落叶松针叶内单宁含量系统增加或减少,并具持效性;2种落叶松对外源茉莉酸类物质的应激反应不同,兴安落叶松的应激反应强度大于长白落叶松。     

云南红豆杉紫杉醇含量变异及其相关的RAPD分子标记

从5个云南红豆杉群体中分别选取树龄与生长状况基本一致的植株各10个,按统一的取样标准采集树皮、小枝和针叶样品测定紫杉醇含量,分析其变异分布式样;同时对所有采样植株进行RAPD分析,开展RAPD标记与不同器官紫杉醇含量的关联分析.结果表明:不同云南红豆杉群体间树皮、小枝和针叶的紫杉醇含量均差异显著(P＜0.05),树皮、小枝和针叶紫杉醇含量在群体间的变异分别占其总变异的16.22%,33.90%和45.81%.通过RAPD标记与紫杉醇含量的关联分析,分别筛选出与云南红豆杉树皮、小枝和针叶紫杉醇含量相关联的位点11,13,59个,其贡献率依次为7.791%～11.509%,7.853%～24.457%,7.858%～26.729%;同时筛选出了可指示树皮、小枝和针叶低紫杉醇含量的特异标记.云南红豆杉的遗传改良应根据不同器官紫杉醇含量变异的分布特点结合叶用、枝用和皮用等培育目标采取不用的选育策略.     

酶辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取兴安落叶松针叶精油工艺

采用酶辅助-水蒸气蒸馏法提取兴安落叶松针叶精油的结果表明:经混合酶组预处理后的兴安落叶松针叶精油得率最高。对提取兴安落叶松针叶精油的预处理条件进行单因素试验研究,得到最佳提取工艺条件为:pH值为5、酶解时间为90min、酶解温度为50℃,兴安落叶松针叶精油得率为1.70%。     

长叶榧不同营养器官次生代谢产物含量分析

对长叶榧不同营养器官的鞣质、黄酮、生物碱、游离蒽醌、绿原酸、皂甙、总酚等7种次生代谢产物的含量进行测定和分析。结果显示:长叶榧不同营养器官7种次生代谢产物总量以叶片最高,不同器官的高低顺序依次为叶>幼根>树皮>1年生枝>根>老枝>茎,其中叶的总含量为茎的7.2倍。不同营养器官7种次生代谢产物的含量也以叶片最高,除鞣质含量叶与幼根差异不显著外,其余次生代谢产物含量叶与其它器官的差异均极显著,表明叶可能是次生代谢产物的主要产生器官。幼根的次生代谢产物含量也比较高,幼根也可能合成和积累部分次生代谢产物。     

大兴安岭小径级兴安落叶松灰分含量分析

以大兴安岭小径级兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)为研究对象,采用外业调查和室内燃烧相结合的实验方法,对大兴安岭小径级兴安落叶松的树皮、树干、树冠等各部位的灰分含量做了测定,探讨不同部位灰分含量不同的原因。实验结果显示小径级兴安落叶松不同部位灰分含量是不同的,总体表现为树冠树皮树干。树冠部分灰分含量最高,且从树冠的上、中、下依次增大。树皮灰分含量其次,从基部开始,随着高度的增加,灰分含量呈增大趋势。树干部分灰分含量最小,基部心材灰分含量是整株中最低的。     

Dynamic feature of flavonoids content in different organs of larch （Larix gmelinii）

Flavonoids in plants is very important in its ecological role and economic value. The dynamic features of flavonoids content in different organs of larch (Larix gmelinii) at different light and temperature conditions were investigated in this study. Results showed that the order of flavonoids content in different organs from high to low was 7.78% (stem bark)>2.79% (leaves) >1.72% (branches) >1.19% (stem xylem)and different organs had a great seasonal variation in flavonoids content, but the change of flavonoids content at different temperature was not obvious in different organs., The content of flavonoids in barck had, a positive correlation with temperature (R ²=0.75), but that in other organs had slight variation with the change of temperature. For all the tested organs, the flavonoids content in summer and autumn was approximately 3–4 times higher than in spring and winter. This is attributed to the great stress from environmental physical variables such as UV radiation, high temperature that induce the accumulation of flavonoids. The flavonoid content of sun leaves was evidently higher than that of shade leaves, and leaves at upper part of canopy had a higher flavonoids content compared with that at other parts. This result indicates that sun radiation could improve flavonoids production in leaves (R ²=0.76). The flavonoids may actively evolve in plant defenses to environmental stress, protecting larch from the damage of high temperature and radiation, and its main function is different in different organs. Foundation item: This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30300271) and the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (104191). Biography: WANG Wen-jie (1974-), male, Lecturer in Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

甜茶植株不同部位总黄酮含量的测定

以广西甜茶为试材,用溶剂提取,利用高效液相色谱法,测定并分析了广西甜茶不同部位总黄酮含量的差异。试验结果表明:甜茶各部位总黄酮含量由高到低的排列顺序是:嫩叶、中茎皮、老茎皮、果实、嫩茎皮、老叶、中茎、老茎;根部和嫩茎的黄酮含量为零。茎皮的总黄酮含量普遍比茎中木质部高,形成由外向内递减趋势;嫩叶的含量最高,但老叶的含量却较低,叶子总黄酮含量形成了从上到下递减的趋势。     

Temperature has more effects than soil moisture on biosynthesis of flavonoids in Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) leaves

The flavonoids content and its composition in Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) leaves are affected by environmental factors such as temperature and soil moisture. Here we performed experiments in phytotron using 2-year-old Ginkgo seedlings to explore the effects of temperature and soil moisture on flavonoids content, enzymes related to flavonoids biosynthesis such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and p-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL), soluble sugar and protein content. We found that temperature and lower soil moisture had significant effects on these parameters. The effects of temperature on flavonoids content, the activity of C4H and 4CL and soluble sugar content were greater than that of soil moisture. The total flavonoid content, the activity of PAL, C4H and 4CL, soluble sugar content were higher in lower temperature regime 15 °C (daytime)/5 °C (nighttime) and lower soil moisture (30–35 % of field capacity), but higher temperature was beneficial to the accumulation of soluble protein. This indicates that increasing of soluble sugar content and the activity of PAL, C4H and 4CL are beneficial to flavonoids biosynthesis and accumulation in the Ginkgo leaves, while increasing of soluble protein is adverse to flavonoids biosynthesis. Because lower temperature and soil moisture are favorable to flavonoids biosynthesis, we can take some silvicultural steps to increase flavonoids production in Ginkgo plantation, such as establishing leaf-harvest plantation at lower temperature zone, reducing irrigating before harvesting leaves.     

A STUDY ON ENERGY OF ARTIFICIAL DAHURIAN LARCH COMMUNITY

By means of calorimetry measurement,the caloric values of various components,the standing crop of energy,not energy production and energy conversing efficiency of an artifi-cial dahurian larch community at Laoshan Plantation Experimental Station of Maoer Shan For-est Farm in the eastern part of northeast China were determined and studied in the present paper.The result of the experiment were as follows:(1)caloric value varied with plant species and plant organs,in general,the order of caloric value was tree,shrub and herb,and for different organs,was leaf, branch,trunk(stem),bark and root.(2)The standing crop of energy of larch community and tree layer were 269.719×10~(10)J/ha.and 264.440×10~10J/ha.respectively.Theree xisted different distributions of energy in various components and different layers.(3)Net ener-gy prduction of larch community and its tree layer were 264.346×10~8J/ha.a and 243.678×10~8J/ha.a respectively.To the photosythetical active radiation on the stand,its energy con-versing eff     

珍稀濒危植物夏蜡梅总生物碱含量分析

对不同海拔高度、不同居群的夏蜡梅营养器官总生物碱含量进行测定,并分析了与环境因子之间的相关性。结果表明:①不同海拔高度夏蜡梅不同营养器官均含有生物碱,总生物碱含量以叶片最高,其余器官的含量均较低,叶片的总生物碱含量均显著高于其它营养器官,而其它营养器官之间差异均不显著。②阳坡的夏蜡梅叶片总生物碱含量显著高于阴坡,其余器官在阴、阳坡之间的含量差异不显著。③7个居群夏蜡梅叶片总生物碱含量存在较大差异,变化范围在1.468 1%~2.557 6%之间,平均为2.158 0%。④通径分析显示,土壤氮含量对夏蜡梅叶片总生物碱含量起正相关作用,土壤磷含量起负相关作用。而有机质、海拔、土壤pH值均可以间接通过土壤氮含量对叶片总生物碱含量起正相关作用。     

Douglas-fir and western larch: chemical and physical properties in relation to Douglas-fir bark beetle attack

Frequency of Douglas-fir bark beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), attack on western larch (Lark occidentalis Nutt.) was negatively correlated with 3-carene content of the xylem oleoresin. Concentrations of all oleoresin volatiles from stem cores of standing trees were higher in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) than in western larch with the single exception of 3-carene. Successful brood production by the Douglas-fir bark beetle in standing trees of Douglas-fir but not western larch may therefore be explained, at least in part, by the high 3-carene content of western larch. Other differences between the species that might affect susceptibility to beetle attack include thinner phloem, higher phloem moisture content and larger diameter vertical resin ducts in western larch compared with Douglas-fir. Live standing western larch had no oleoresin exudation pressure, suggesting that this trait is not associated with resistance to attack by the Douglas-fir bark beetle in this species.     

广东紫珠药材的总黄酮含量分析

以芦丁为标准品,采用紫外-可见光分光光度法,测定不同时期、不同部位、不同栽培和采收方式、不同栽培环境条件的广东紫珠药材样品中总黄酮的含量,了解广东紫珠黄酮类成分的动态变化。结果表明,广东紫珠药材总黄酮含量随着生长期增长,采收期宜在即将落叶时;植株不同部位总黄酮含量高低为：叶〉小茎枝〉果〉根〉主干茎,而又主要分布在叶片中,茎干的总黄酮含量非常低,因此可采取留干采收方式以利于来年枝叶萌发;野生广东紫珠药材的总黄酮含量略高于栽培,但差异不大;施肥是药材增产的重要措施,试验中施用沼气肥与不施肥的广东紫珠药材总黄酮含量差异不明显,因此选择沼气肥等肥料类型较好。     

喜树不同生长发育期及不同器官中黄酮含量的变化

研究了不同生长发育时期、不同组织器官以及不同生长季节喜树中黄酮含量的变化。结果表明,随着幼苗生长的进程,嫩叶与成熟叶的黄酮含量均呈上升趋势,当幼苗长至7～9叶期时,嫩叶的黄酮含量最高;成年树的黄酮含量最高,其次是幼年树,幼苗期最低;组织器官中以嫩叶黄酮含量最高,嫩茎最低;夏季黄酮含量高于春季,与秋季相差不明显。     

THE SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF NUTRIENT CONTENTS IN MANCHURIA ASH-DAHURIAN LARCH MIXED STAND

StUdiesontheundeopundsboctUfCofmanchurianash-dahurianlarchmixedstandrevealedthatseveralrowsofmanchurianashtreesnearestdahurianlarchbelthaveobviouschangesofrootSindistribution,densityandgrowthtCndenCy.Numerousrootsofmanchu-rianashgrowtowardthelarchbelt,indicatingthattherewerefavorableconditionsfOrtherootstogrowinthelarchbelt.ThedahurianlarchtrCesmusthaveimprovedtheenviron-mentinsomeaspect.STUDYSlTESStUdysitessitUatedinHeilonaiiangProv-ince,mainlyinDongxingForestFarmofKe-dongcounty,wes…