麻竹实生苗无性系选育的研究

报道了对麻竹实生苗生长状况和实生苗无性系选育方法的研究。通过人工授粉获得麻竹种子，用圃地培植及无菌播种组培两种方法培育麻竹实生苗无性系，结果表明：①)收集优良开花母株，利用人工授粉方法取得麻竹种子，可为优良无性系选育培育较为优良的实生苗群体，有利于提高选育的有效性；②圃地培植的实生苗无性系在16个月龄和28个月龄时的生长显著相关，16个月龄时进行较大强度的无性系筛选，可靠性较大；②提早分株种植能加快实生苗无性系的总体生长与繁殖，利于加快无性系选育的进程；④无菌播种组培条件下，组培中无性系的生长特性与其移裁圃地后的生长特性十分相关，各无性系固有的生长特性在培养的3—6个月间逐渐表现，可在此时进行离体早期选择。     

麻竹实生苗无性系选育的研究

报道了对麻竹实生苗状况和实生苗无性系选育方法的研究.通过人工授粉获得麻竹种子,用圃地培植及无菌播种组培2种方法培育麻竹实生苗无性系,结果表明(1)收集优良开花母株,利用人工授粉方法取得麻竹种子,可为优良无性系的选育培育较为优良的实生苗群体,有利于提高选育的有效性;(2)圃地培植的实生苗无性系在16个月龄和28个月龄时的生长显著相关,16个月龄时进行较大强度的无性系筛选,可靠性较大;(3)提早分株种植能加快实生苗无性系的总体生长与繁殖,利于加快无性系选育的进程;(4)无菌播种组培条件下,组培中无性系的生长特性与其移栽圃地后的生长特性十分相关,各无性系固有的生长特性在培养的3～6个月间逐渐表现,可在此时进行离体早期选择.     

麻竹无性系选育的研究

本文报道了对麻竹实生苗生长状况和实生苗无性系选育方法。通过人工授粉获得麻竹种子，用圃地培植及无菌播种组培两种方法培育麻竹实生苗无性系，结果表明：（1）收集优良开花母株，利用人工授粉方法取得麻竹种子，可为优良无性系的选育培育较为优良的实生苗群体，有利于提高选育的有效性；（2）圃地培植的实生苗无性系在16个月龄和28个月龄时的生长显著相关，16个月龄时进行较大强度的无性系筛选，可靠性较大；（3）提早分株种植能加快实生苗无性系的总体生长与繁殖，利于加快无性系选育的进程；（4）无菌播种组培条件下，组培中无性系的生长特性与其移栽圃地后的生长特性十分相关，各无性系固有的生长特性在培养3-6个月期间逐渐表现，可在此时进行离体早期选择。     

油松的无性繁殖与离体培养研究

取成龄油松休眠封顶芽离体培养，获得大量组培嫩梢，并使其抽茎生长和增殖。结果表明，油松愈伤组织上形成的针叶束，是组培嫩梢的来源，继代培养必然经历自然休眠，培养基中加入活性炭、维生素类，并进行适量的暗培养，可使嫩梢伸长或增殖，从而为油松无性系林业和大规模离体元性繁殖提供了一条有效途径。     

毛白杨优良无性系的组织培养

<正>毛白杨(Populus tomentosα)树干通直高大,寿命长,生长快,适应性强,是用材林和城市绿化的优良树种,是我省优良的乡土树种之一。其优株的无性系苗木,生长速度比普通毛白杨快15—20%,经济价值更高。但毛白杨扦插不易生根,繁殖困难。为了快速扩大优良无性系的繁殖,为生产提供大量种苗,我们从1986年4月开始用组织培养的方法,培养毛白杨高体茎段,获得了完整的植株,现在移栽成活。 一、试验材料 采自我所毛白杨课题组引进的毛白杨优良无性系1—2年生的嫁接苗。     

油松的无性繁殖与离体培养研究

取成龄油松休眠封顶芽离体培养，获得大量组培嫩梢，并使其抽茎生长和增殖。结果表明：油松愈伤组织上形成的针叶束，是组培嫩梢的来源，继代培养必然经历自然休眠，培养基中加入活性炭、维生素类，并进行适量的暗培养，可使嫩梢伸长或增殖，从而为油松无性系林业和大规模离体元性繁殖提供了一条有效途径     

毛白杨无性繁殖效果剖析

毛白杨无性繁殖有多种方法,方法不同繁殖效果各异。本研究以成活率、亲和力、繁殖系数和苗木质量为评价依据,系统分析了毛白杨嫁接繁殖和扦插繁殖在科研和生产中的实用性。结果表明继代、组培繁殖最适用于数量上的扩大繁殖,获得最大的繁殖系数;而炮捻、袋接和一条鞭扦插则能最大限度地克服亲和力低的问题,苗木生长健壮;嫩枝扦插则用于无性系复壮和生根力测定。     

撑版杂种无性系的繁殖与生长研究

通过分株繁殖、组培繁殖、扦插繁殖以及圃地生长对比试验表明,撑篙竹和版纳甜龙竹的杂种撑版1号、撑版2号两个无性系比其亲本的无性系易于繁殖,总体生长效果好。经过两年的培育,撑版1号和2号已初步表现出繁殖能力强、生长迅速的优良特性。初步考察表明,两个杂种无性系的竹笋笋质优良、加工性状优于版纳甜龙竹笋。目前其组培技术成熟,易于进行大面积造林和产业化开发,有必要对其进行区域性栽培试验,并测定其笋、材各项理化性状,开发其多方面的用途,促进其在生产上推广应用。     

优良白杨无性系硬枝扦插繁殖方法的研究

该文采用正交试验设计研究了741、303、易县毛白杨(对照)三个无性系硬枝扦插生根特性及其繁殖方法,考察了无性系、采条部位、药剂处理三个因素对窖藏催根效果的影响以及荫棚下塑料小拱棚内扦插与大田扦插两种繁殖方法对插穗生根及生长的影响。结果表明,741、303的硬枝插穗经药剂处理、窖藏催根后。可在大田直接扦插,而易县毛白杨适宜在塑料棚内扦插。     

山西省毛白杨北移的可行性研究

本文从生态区划分入手,以9省毛白杨种源为基础,按预订的毛白杨北移育种程序循序渐进。通过对毛白杨大树生长适应性的评估和对232个无性系生长量、物候期、抗寒性、病虫害的测定分析,选出7个优良无性系作为下一步区域化试验的重点,并把其中的 B09、H34、S34和 BL2作为初级良种进行边测、边繁、边推广的无性系。同时提出了雁北地区毛白杨繁殖应采用多圃系列加地膜覆盖育苗的新技术。从不同角度阐明了我省毛白杨北移的可行性及其广阔前景。     

Decreased morphogenetic potential in peach palm stem-like cells in long-term in vitro conditions

Peach palm(Bactris gasipaes Kunth)has been micropropagated from pre-procambial cells that provide stem-like cell niches,(i.e.,pre-procambial cells),multipotent,pluripotent and totipotent for direct vascularization,adventitious buds and somatic embryogenesis,respectively.The direct induction of adventitious buds and somatic embryogenesis reduces the frequency of mutations when compared to indirect morphogenesis.Long-term in vitro cultivation of perennial species such as peach palm cause the clones to age and deteriorate;however,the consequences for morphogenesis potential are not fully clear.The morphogenic potential of peach palm clones established and in vitro cultivated for 8 years(regeneration of adventitious buds without callus formation)was investigated in leaves,roots and stem bases using histological and histochemical analyses.Data from long-term cultures(8-years-old)was compared to data from short-term cultures(1-year-old).Morphogenic pathways monitoring for direct induction of somatic embryos and adventitious buds revealed a strong morphogenic reduction potential in the pre-procambial cells,parenchyma cells in the proximal region of stem bases,and external cells of leaf sheaths.Initial cells of shoot apical meristems and pre-procambial cells commit cell reprogramming to the undifferentiated state and subsequent acquisition of cellular competence.These results are applicable in the micropropagation of peach palm,with consideration to obtaining clones and their long-term in vitro culture.     

柽柳的组织培养研究

以野生耐盐变异柽柳植株的萌动芽为材料,进行了不同植物生长调节剂及浓度对萌动芽生长、生长芽分化、不定芽生根的影响及试管苗的移栽、扦插、移植试验,成功建立了耐盐野生变异柽柳植株的无性系。结果表明:MS+BA 0.1 mg.L-1+GA 0.5 mg.L-1+IAA 0.2 mg.L-1是暗培养条件下培养芽生长的理想培养基;MS+AgNO31.0 mg.L-1+BA 1.0mg.L-1+NAA 0.1 mg.L-1是不定芽分化培养的理想培养基;1/2MS+IAA 0.4 mg.L-1是试管苗生根培养的理想培养基;移植到海边沙滩上的试管苗保持了耐盐变异性状,并且生长旺盛,根系发达。     

离体条件下西黄松成熟合子胚不定芽的诱导及植株再生

以西黄松成熟胚为外植体诱导不定芽,在GD 9.85～19.70 μmol·L'-1 6-BA 0.0～14.42 μmol·L-1 NAA上不定芽诱导率最高达65.8%,平均增殖率为7,最大增殖率达10;不定芽形成有2种途径,即子叶直接形成不定芽和子叶组织再分化形成不定芽;NAA不利于外植体不定芽的诱导;不定芽的生长和扩繁采用不加生长调节剂的1/2 GD和1/2 SH培养基;培养基中加入适量的活性炭有利于不定芽和根的生长.不定嫩梢在1/2 GD和1/2 SH附加不同浓度NAA和GA,3的培养基上进行生根诱导,试验结果表明:NAA对不定根的形成起主要作用,在1/2 GD 28.84 μmol·L'-1 NAA 4.17 μmol·L'-1 GA,3培养基中不定梢的生根率为16.7%.在离体培养条件下,以西黄松成熟胚为外植体获得了再生植株.     

湿地松不定芽增殖培养试验

以湿地松无菌苗带子叶顶芽为外植体,研究了基本培养基、生长调节剂、有机添加物、细胞分裂素等对湿地松不定芽增殖的影响。结果表明:DP+6-BA 4.0 mg.L-1+NAA 0.05 mg.L-1为湿地松不定芽增殖的最佳培养基;培养基附加10 g.L-1肌醇或体积分数为30%的椰子汁对不定芽增殖均有一定的增效作用;培养基中隔代添加6-BA对芽苗伸长生长有利,但对不定芽增殖作用效果不显著。     

我国杉木无性系选育的成就、问题和对策

经过几十年的科学研究, 我国的杉木无性系选育取得了重大进展, 涉及杉木的生长、形质、抗病和抗虫等方面, 选育了若干优良无性系, 区域化试验的结果揭示杉木无性系与环境存在明显的互作。但是高产优质多抗杉木无性系选育也面临不少问题, 主要是生长与材性, 生长与抗逆性间存在负的遗传相关, 以及无性繁殖中的退化问题等。文中提出了对这一系列问题的解决办法, 讨论出了高产优质多抗杉木无性系选育的方案和技术路线, 并对当前杉木无性系选育中的一些问题提出了对策。     

Clonal propagation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dalbergia sissoo</Emphasis> Roxb. and associated metabolic changes during adventitious root primordium development

A study was conducted on the twelve clones of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.). These clones were obtained from India and Nepal. Single-node leafy cuttings were prepared from the vegetative multiplication garden to examine the clonal variation, effect of IBA treatment on rooting response and associated metabolic changes during adventitious root formation. A remarkable and significant variation was observed due to treatment of 2,000 ppm IBA in the rooting parameters. Clonal variations were also significant for root and shoot growth while length of root was insignificant. Among the twelve clones studied; C3 (Tulsipur, Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India) and C4 (Laxmipur, Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India) clone cuttings have given the highest rooting response. Interaction (clone × IBA) was significant only for production of number of roots per cutting. Periodic sampling for clone C3 was performed at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days to examine the contents of total soluble sugars, starch, protein and peroxidase (PER) activity in the rooting zone of cuttings (∼0.5 cm) during adventitious root primordium development. A significant increase in all the metabolic activities was noted due to IBA. Total soluble sugars and starch contents of cuttings decreased with the passage of time. Protein content and PER-activity started to increase in the early stage and reached the highest level on day 21, followed by a decline at the 35th day of sampling. These trends were common for both IBA treated and untreated cuttings. Protein content and PER-activity remained higher in the rooting zone of IBA treated cuttings. Overall these findings suggested that exogenous application of IBA may have activated carbohydrate metabolism for release of energy, while protein and PER-activity were necessary for cell division and differentiation during adventitious root primordium initiation and development in the rooting zone of cuttings.     

Clonal stability in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus radiata</Emphasis> across New Zealand and Australia. I. Growth and form traits

To investigate genotype by environment interaction (G×E) for clones of radiata pine (Pinus radiata), clonal stability was evaluated for growth and form traits from three trials in New Zealand and three trials in Australia. There were 215–245 clones in common between pairs of New Zealand trials, 17–26 clones in common among Australian trials, while 32–52 clones were in common between New Zealand and Australian sites. Clonal repeatability ( [^(H)]² ) \left( {\hat{H}^{2} } \right) and type-B genetic correlations were estimated. The general trend across the six trials for clonal repeatability was that [^(H)]² \hat{H}^{2} was greatest for height (HGT) followed by diameter at breast height (DBH), stem straightness (STR), and branch quality score (BRQ). Within New Zealand trials, there was little evidence of G×E for growth traits, but more for form traits. For DBH the average type-B genetic correlation within New Zealand was 0.82; and for HGT, the average type-B genetic correlation within New Zealand was 0.76. Within Australia, there was only one statistically significant type-B genetic correlation for DBH and this estimate was high indicating that clonal ranks were similar on these two trials. Additionally, within Australia and between regions type-B genetic correlations were generally high for form traits, at least for STR. One Australian trial (Trial 5) showed relatively high clonal stability with the three trials in New Zealand indicating that the ranks of these clones were relatively stable in both regions. From a clonal testing standpoint, these results suggest that stable clones can be identified that perform well in both New Zealand and Australia. Improvements in both growth and form traits can be expected when radiata pine clones are transferred between Australia and New Zealand within regions similar to those sampled in this trial series.     

REGULATION OF PHYTOHORMONS ON THE REGENERATION OF SHOOT-TIPS OF ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS INTO PLANTLET IN VITRO

Tissue culture of Anlirrhium majus was experimented by using the tip of shoots asthe explants,and comparing the effects of NAA,IAA and 2,4—D on the formation of adventitiousbuds.The results indicated that the effect of NAA was the best formation of adventitiousbuds,5.0,7.0,9.0,11.0,13.0 mg/L BA combinated with 0.1,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 mg/L NAArespectively.The results show that combinations of the concentrations of BA 7.0—9.0 mg/L andNAA 0.1--0.5 mg/L were advantageous to the regeneration of buds and NAA was very importantfor callus growth.     

光皮桦离体培养形态建成及其调控

采用酶联免疫吸附法(EL ISA)和细胞石蜡切片法,研究光皮桦离体培养形态建成过程中芽原基、根原基形成、发育的特点以及光皮桦离体培养形态建成过程中5种内源激素含量的变化规律,阐明光皮桦离体培养过程中芽原基、根原基形成、发育的过程、特点以及内源激素的变化对离体培养形态建成过程中所起的调控作用,为建立高效的光皮桦离体培养体系提供科学依据.结果表明:在光皮桦离体培养形态建成过程中,芽原基起源于皮层的薄壁细胞,根原基起源于韧皮部内;在芽和根的形态建成过程中,外源激素的添加使光皮桦某些内源激素发生了变化,从而对芽和根的形态建成起调控作用;内源激素ZR、ABA、IAA,iPA的增加对芽的形成、发育起到促进作用;内源激素IAA、ABA,iPA的增加对根的形成、发育起到促进作用.     

Indole-3-butyric acid accelerates adventitious root formation and impedes shoot growth of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii?×?P. caribaea var. hondurensis cuttings

Many plantation tree species are cloned to achieve the growth, disease resistance and wood quality characteristics required for a successful economic venture. However, clonal propagation is limited by declines in adventitious root formation with increasing stock plant age. We examined the effects of immediate or delayed IBA application on adventitious root formation and subsequent root and shoot development of cuttings harvested from 8-year-old clonal hedge plants of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii × P. caribaea var. hondurensis. IBA applied at the time of setting accelerated root formation, elevating the percentage of cuttings with roots at 13 weeks post-setting from 45 to 78% and from 83 to 93% for a low- and a high-rooting clone, respectively. Final rooting percentages for the same treatments and clones (78 and 85%, and 88 and 100%, respectively, at 20 weeks post-setting) were not significantly affected by IBA application. IBA increased the root:shoot ratio of rooted cuttings by decreasing shoot weight compared with untreated cuttings, without affecting root weight, root length, root surface area or root volume. IBA was only effective when applied at the time of setting. A simple IBA treatment for cuttings from 8-year-old clonal hedges, by accelerating root production, has potential for reducing nursery costs and increasing the root system quality of containerised pine cuttings.