5种常绿阔叶果树叶含水率对饱和水汽压差与温湿度的响应研究

水分是影响植物正常生理代谢的重要因素之一,主要受气象条件调控。以枇杷[Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.]、柠檬[Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.]、费约果[Acca sellowiana (O.Berg) Burret]、柚子[Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.(Rutaceae)]和火棘[Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Li]5种阔叶常绿果树为研究对象,探讨5种果树成熟叶片及叶柄含水率与环境饱和水汽压差(VPD,vapor pressure deficit)、温度(T)、相对湿度(RH)的相关性。研究表明,(1)VPD与全叶含水率的R²=0.67,与叶片含水率的R²=0.63,相关程度表现很高,而与叶柄含水率的R²=0.39,相关性不高;其中,VPD与柠檬全叶、叶片含水率的R²分别达到0.81、0.74,柠檬叶含水率易受VPD影响。(2)温度与全叶含水率的R²=0.63,...     

氮素形态配比对莴笋品质和养分含量的影响

采用营养液培养方法研究氮素形态配比对莴笋产量和品质及养分含量的影响。结果表明:不同处理降低莴笋产量4.5%～13.2%,降低莴笋根重29.8%～48.2%,处理6除外;处理2和处理3莴笋VC含量提高15.6%～16.2%,,处理2增加莴笋可溶性糖含量14.0%,处理4降低莴笋氨基酸含量24.0%;不同氮素形态配比处理均降低莴笋硝酸盐含量达7.5%～42.0%,降低营养中硝态氮比例,增加铵态氮或者酰胺态氮比例提高莴笋全氮含量,对全磷和全钾含量影响不一致。综合分析表明,处理2（NH₄⁺:NO₃^-=2（Cl）:8）为最佳处理。     

不同排种量对甘薯采苗量和薯苗质量的影响

为了明确排种量对甘薯采苗量和薯苗质量的影响,以商薯19(S19)和烟薯25(Y25)为试验材料,采用平排的方式,设置10、15、20、25 kg/m² 4个排种量,其中25 kg/m²为常规排种量,从采苗量、薯苗质量、薯苗生长特性和薯苗群内环境条件(温湿度和光照强度)等方面进行分析。结果表明：S19和Y25的采苗量均随排种量的增加表现先升高后降低的趋势,以20 kg/m²排种量处理最高,分别为2 124株/m²和986株/m²,较10、15、25 kg/m²处理分别显著增加107.4%、19.1%、10.1%和100.4%、45.4%、8.6%;Y25叶片净光合速率、茎部剪切力和拉伸力也均以20 kg/m²排种量处理最高,分别较25 kg/m²排种量处理显著增加16.54%、25.4%、44.5%;S19和Y25薯苗壮弱比、茎部机械力、茎部木质素含量及叶片、叶柄和茎干率也都是20 kg/m²...     

基于三维绿量的太原市绿地热环境效应研究

城市化进程导致热岛效应加剧,三维绿量对城市绿地的热环境效应有显著影响。利用2020年9月太原市Landsat 8遥感影像,结合样地三维绿量实测数据,借助遥感及GIS技术,建立太原市三维绿量反演模型,测算太原市城区三维绿量,分析其绿量分布格局;同时利用针对Landsat 8 TIRS第10波段的单窗算法(TIRS10＿SC)反演太原市地表温度,探讨城市绿地三维绿量对热环境的影响作用。结果表明：(1)太原市北部、西南及东西两山植被覆盖较好,三维绿量高,城市中部硬质半硬质区域三维绿量低,城市公园作为高绿量节点镶嵌于城市中部;在绿地空间结构上,乔木层平均树高对三维绿量的影响较大,二者的关系模型为Y=469.912x+936.466。(2)三维绿量与地表温度呈显著负相关,二者的关系模型为Y=5.828x^-0.029,三维绿量较小时,降温趋势显著,随着三维绿量不断增大,降温趋势渐缓;绿量密度在5～18 m³/m²之间的乔灌草或乔草复层配置能较好地发挥降温效果。(3)三维绿量的空间分布对地表温度有一定影响,绿量密度高、连通性高,具有稳定大面积斑块的区域,其地表温度低,降温效果好;相反,绿量密度低、破碎度高的区域,其地表温度高,降温效果差。     

QuEChERS-三重四极杆串联质谱测定柑橘中农药基质效应的方法研究

【目的】针对柑橘中常用的农药,采用QuEChERS方法和超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱,系统研究了其测定过程中的基质效应。【方法】柑橘样品利用乙酸-乙腈溶液(V∶V=1∶99)提取、GCB净化,采用甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液(含1 mmol·L^-1乙酸铵)作为流动相,正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式,基质外标法定量,可以有效地减弱基质效应。【结果】10种农药在柑橘中主要是以基质抑制为主,其基质效应范围为-18%~4%,在0.1~100 ng·mL^-1内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)大于0.999,检出限为0.08~0.30μg·kg^-1,回收率为70.5%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.32%~5.76%。【结论】该方法快速简便、净化效果好,适合柑橘中常见农药的快速测定。     

外源水溶性β–葡聚糖对‘贵人香’葡萄果实糖苷酶及香气品质的影响

为探究水溶性β-葡聚糖对酿酒葡萄‘贵人香’果实品质的影响,于花后53和60 d分别全冠喷施质量浓度为0 (对照)、300、400、500 mg·L^-1的水溶性β-葡聚糖溶液,在花后60、67和95 d采样,研究不同处理对浆果理化指标、糖苷酶及挥发性化合物的影响。结果表明:喷施水溶性β-葡聚糖溶液后,不同采样期浆果中pH、可溶性固形物、总糖、总酚、总游离氨基酸和酵母可同化氮含量,与对照相比均有提高,其中400 mg·L^-1处理的影响最显著,上述指标较对照分别增加7.02%、18.99%、18.75%、8.55%、35.96%和17.05%;同时,不同采样期葡萄皮中β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性、二糖苷酶活性、挥发性化合物含量和种类较对照均显著增加,其中400 mg·L^-1处理葡萄果实β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性较对照增加38.01%,3种二糖苷酶总活性增加28.72%,挥发性化合物含量增加31.18%;除正己醛和2-己烯醛外,其他标志性差异挥发性化合物的含量与糖苷酶活性之间均呈现正相关关系。香气特征分析显示,400 mg·L^-...     

森林康养对人体健康促进作用浅析

城市快速发展导致环境恶化及生存压力的增大,据统计,大约有75%的人们处于亚健康状态。森林具有优美的环境,独特的森林小气候、丰富的负氧离子及芬多精,通过森林康养活动,可以减弱副交感神经,增加抗癌细胞,缓解压力,从心理和生理上对人体健康具有良好的促进作用。总结分析了森体康养要素及对人体健康的作用,提出了今后的研究方向,以期为森林康养产业发展提供理论依据。     

不同排水强度调控若尔盖泥炭地植被群落变化并影响植物碳供给

若尔盖泥炭地是世界上最大的高原泥炭地,普遍存在人为排水导致泥炭地地下水位下降的状况,然而排水强度对泥炭地植被群落以及对表层泥炭植物碳供给的影响却仍不清楚。基于此,在若尔盖高原选取了轻度排水、中度排水和重度排水3种强度的长期排水泥炭地类型,以附近相同环境条件的未排水泥炭地作为对照,研究不同排水强度对泥炭地植被群落和植物碳供给的影响。结果表明未排水与排水泥炭地组成的植被群落系列多样性指数与植被总生物量呈很强的负相关：植被多样性降低或植被生物量降低。同时,排水致使的泥炭地植被群落变化影响了植物碳的供给量和易分解性。轻度排水致使泥炭地植物总生物量和凋落量增加了119.63 g/m²和77.63 g/m²,但易分解的莎草科生物量同样增多了245.07 g/m²;中度排水导致泥炭地植物总生物量和凋落量都大幅降低了499.16 g/m²和82.22 g/m²,莎草科植物生物量也同样降低了241.75 g/m²;重度排水泥炭地莎草科植物生物量进一步减少到224.85 g/...     

城市不同居住区绿地生态效应评估

以哈尔滨市4处代表性居住区与龙塔广场(对照样点)为研究对象,采用隶属函数分析法,于2019年7、8月,测定该4处居住区绿地与龙塔广场的噪音量、空气负离子(negative air ion,简称NAI)浓度和滞尘量3项生态指标,研究了不同居住区中绿地的生态效应。结果表明:在不同月份、一天内不同时段,不同居住区绿地与龙塔广场绿地各项生态指标相比,绿地减噪量、NAI浓度增量、滞尘量的变化趋势不尽相同。居住区绿地减噪量(4.15、5.42、2.55、5.50 db)、NAI浓度增量(187、139、170、215个·cm^-3)>龙塔广场绿地(2.44 db、89个·cm^-3),龙塔广场绿地的滞尘量(2.29 mg·m^-3)>居住区绿地(2.09、1.41、2.59、1.80 mg·m^-3)。对于不同月份生态效应隶属函数分析中,不同环境中绿地生态效应有所不同,各居住区与广场绿地7月总体生态效应(0.20、0.22、0.15、0.30、0.07)>8月总体生态效应(0.19、0.16、0.13、0.29、0.11×10-2)。居住区绿地的生态效应(0.20、0.19、0.14、0.30)>龙塔广场绿地(0.03),其中远大都市绿洲居住区的绿化生态效应最佳(0.30)。因此,居住区绿地绿化率、植物多样性、配植形式、乔灌比等生态指标可显著影响其生态效应。     

浅析森林凋落物分解影响因素

通过对森林凋落物生态功能、凋落量以及凋落物分解的影响因素进行了综合分析,凋落物分解主要受环境因子、凋落物组成类型、生物因子和全球变化的影响。对于森林凋落物研究进行总结,对可持续利用森林资源具有重要的意义,同时在维持森林生态系统的养分平衡以及促进正常的生物物质循环等方面具有重要的作用。     

The effect of winter forest bathing on psychological relaxation of young Polish adults

The impact of winter forest bathing on human psychological states was investigated in this study. Sixty-two participants were divided into two groups, each group was exposed to city forest or urban (control) environment for 15 minutes. The participants filled up four psychological questionnaires before and after exposure: the profile of mood states (POMS), the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS), the subjective vitality scale (SVS), and restorative outcomes scale (ROS). The forest environment influenced the surveyed participants, causing a decrease in the negative subscales of POMS and an increase in the positive (vigor) subscale. Moreover, after exposure to the forest environment the participants had the highest scores of SVS, ROS, and a positive subscale of PANAS. This means that in conditions of Central Europe short winter interaction with forest had a substantial emotional, restorative, and vitalizing effect on the surveyed participants.     

Expression of glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance

AIM: To study the expression of glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and to clarify its clinical significance. METHODS: The expression of GPC3 was detected in 59 cases of HCC and their para-cancerous tissues, 10 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC), 11 cases of cirrhotic tissues and 14 cases of normal liver tissues (around haemangioma) by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The survival curves were constructed using Kaplan-Meier method and evaluated using the log-rank test. In addition, the Cox proportional hazards regression model was established to identify the factors that were independently associated with disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: The mRNA expression of GPC3 in the HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in the para-cancerous tissues (83.1% vs 35.6%, χ²=27.53, P<0.01). The protein expression of GPC3 in the HCC tissue was also higher than that in the para-cancerous tissues (78.0% vs 33.2%, χ²=24.97, P<0.01). The expression of GPC3 in ICC tissues, liver cirrhosis tissues and normal liver tissues was undetectable. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that the GPC3(+)HCC patients had worse 1-year DFS than that of GPC3(-) patients (33.6% vs 72.7%, P<0.05). The HCC patients with para-cancerous GPC3(+) also had worse 1-year DFS than that of the para-cancerous GPC3(-) patients (23.5% vs 40.1%, P<0.05). The DFS rate decreased significantly as the expression intensity of GPC3 increased. The Cox regression model analysis indicated that AFP(+) (odd ratio=0.372, 95% confidence interval: 0.140-0.900, P<0.05), tumor size (odd ratio=5.215, 95% confidence interval: 1.737-15.656, P<0.01), para-cancerous tissue GPC3(+) (odd ratio=0.226, 95% confidence interval: 0.085-0.599, P<0.01) and the intensity of GPC3 expression in HCC tissue (odd ratio=1.946, 95% confidence interval: 1.080-3.507, P<0.05) were the independent risk factors linked to DFS of patients. CONCLUSION: GPC3 protein is highly expressed in the HCC tissues,but not in ICC, cirrhotic liver and normal liver tissues. The expression of GPC3 in para-cancerous tissues and the intensity of GPC3 expression in HCC tissues are the important independent risk factors linked to DFS of patients.     

The association between plant diversity and perceived emotions for visitors in urban forests: A pilot study across 49 parks in China

Urbanization introduces uncertainties to the biodiversity of plant communities. The perception of biodiversity can be associated with positive mental health and well-being, but direct evidence is still insufficient. In this study, we collected data about plant biodiversity assessments from studies on urban forests in the literature of China’s national knowledge infrastructure. Records of the species amount, Shannon index, and Simpson index were extracted from 49 urban forest parks in 13 cities across mainland China from 2018 to 2021. A total of 1938 facial photos were obtained from microblogs with check-in locations at these parks in the Sina Microblog in 2020. Happy, sad, and neutral emotions and positive response index (PRI; happy minus sad) were rated and mapped for spatial distributions. The amount of species was distributed as a heterogeneous pattern for all plant types, and biodiversity was higher in the northern regions (e.g., ~55% in Qingdao and over 50% in Taiyuan) than in southern cities along the Yangtze River (e.g., ~35% in Huaihua and Changsha). Trees did not account for the association of biodiversity with emotional expressions. Smiles were elicited mostly in parks with more diverse shrubs (Shannon index: R=0.4335; P = 0.0029) and herbs (R=0.6162; P = 0.0008). Females showed more smiles than males (47% vs. 32%, respectively; F=39.15, P < 0.0001), and happy emotions tended to be higher in older visitors (senior vs. younger: 58% vs. 43%, respectively; F=2.72, P = 0.0280). Overall, we recommend visiting parks in northern cities of China for the benefit of evoking positive emotions through experiencing abundant undergrowth species. Female visitors would benefit more than males in the promotion of mental well-being by perceiving diverse shrubs and herbs in urban forest parks.     

城市居民森林康养活动需求偏好研究——以福州市为例

了解不同类型市民对森林康养活动的需求,有助于森林管理者开发和建设满足市民需求偏好的森林康养产品。以福州市民为对象,通过问卷调查法进行数据收集,运用SPSS22.0统计软件对市民的森林康养活动需求偏好进行探讨分析。运用因子分析法得出福州市民的主要森林康养活动需求包括科普体验、保健疗养、运动健身和修身养性四大类;保健疗养是福州市民的首要森林康养活动需求,其次为科普体验和运动健身,而修身养性位居最后;基于不同年龄、学历、职业市民群体在森林康养活动需求方面存在的差异,提出以市民的森林康养活动需求为导向的森林康养的相关建议。     

Benefits of Jasminum polyanthum's natural aromas on human emotions and moods

Aromatic plants hold great potential to affect the health of urban residents. Studying the positive effects of natural aromas emitted by aromatic plants on urban residents is necessary. In this research, Pink Jasmine (Jasminum polyanthum), a woody vine species widely used in urban landscape, was selected as the research subject to address the following research questions: Whether the natural aromas from Pink Jasmin’s flowers can influence human health? How do the period of exposure to the aroma affect its effects? A total of 48 college students were recruited to participate in a controlled study. The participants were divided into three groups, and olfactory experiments were conducted in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Their emotional and mood states were measured using an EPOC+ portable EEG headset and the POMS scale. The results showed that smelling the Pink Jasmin’s flowers can promote positive emotions and relaxation in three periods. Among them, exposure in the morning can enhance vigor, exposure in the afternoon can alleviate negative emotions, and exposure in evening may lead to better relaxation and alleviate depression; Our results provide support for the incorporation of Pink Jasmin, as well as aromatic woody vine species in a broader sense, in urban green spaces with the objective of enhancing their health benefits.     

The socioeconomics and management of Santiago de Chile''s public urban forests

Santiago, Chile's semi-arid climate and urbanized environment poses a severe limitation for the establishment and maintenance of urban forests. Municipalities, or comunas, are the main stakeholders in the management of Santiago's public urban forests. A tenable hypothesis would be that as the socioeconomic level of a comuna increases, the better the condition of a comuna's urban forest. Unfortunately, there is little comprehensive information on management, public expenditure, and structure of Santiago's public and private urban forests. To examine this hypothesis, Santiago was divided into socioeconomic strata, then using air photo interpretation and stratified field sampling, urban forest structures were quantified by socioeconomic strata. In addition, interview surveys were used to determine municipal urban forest management and expenditures for different public urban forests based on socioeconomic strata. Urban forests in the high socioeconomic strata had fewer public trees, greater tree cover, tree and leaf area density, and leaf area index than lower socioeconomic strata. The percentage of total municipal budget allocated to public urban forest management was consistent among strata, but the total public urban forest budgets were greater in the high socioeconomic strata. Public urban forest structure is related to the socioeconomic strata of Santiago's different comunas.     

Se-containing spirulina phycocyanin attenuated liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice

AIM:To investigate the effect of Se-containing spirulina phycocyanin (Se-SPC) on liver injury of mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). METHODS:The mouse model was conducted by intragastric feeding with 2% CCl₄ oil for three times, meanwhile Se-SPC, spirulina phycocyanin (SPC) and Na₂SeO₃ were injected (ip) to various groups for 7 days. Then selenium (Se), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondiaoldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in blood and liver were measured. RESULTS:The level of Se,GPx and SOD activities were obviously higher(P<0.05)but ALT activity,MDA and NO₂^-/NO₃^- levels were remarkably lower(P<0.05)in Se-SPC treated groups than those in CCl₄ groups,and effects of high dose Se-SPC on Se,GPx,MDA and NO₂^-/NO₃^- were even more significant(P<0.01).Under the same dose of Se or protein,effects of all selected targets in Se-SPC groups were more efficient than those in SPC groups and inorganic-Se groups.Furthermore,Se levels had a positive correlation with GPx activity(r=01705),which had negative correlation with levels of MDA,NO₂^-/NO₃^- and ALT(r=-0.629,r=-0.336,r=-0.457,respectively), and positive correlations between ALT activity and MDA or NO₂^-/NO₃^- level were found (r=0.519,r=0.641). CONCLUSION:These results indicated that Se-SPC may attenuate liver injury of mice induced by CCl₄ through its anti-inflammatory action and enhancing selenoenzyme expression.     

Using contingent valuation to estimate the willingness of tourists to pay for urban forests: A study in Savannah, Georgia

This study estimated the monetary value of urban forests’ non-priced benefits to tourists. Data collected by a face-to-face self-administered survey of urban tourists in Savannah, Georgia, USA were used to estimate tourists’ willingness to pay (WTP) for urban forests by the contingent valuation method. Individual WTP was found higher among tourists with graduate school education. Results suggested that WTP for urban forests also increased significantly with income and destination loyalty of the tourists. Estimated mean and median WTP values were $11.25 (95% confidence interval: $7.34, $15.16) and $2.10 (95% confidence interval: $1.38, $2.82), respectively. Based on the estimated mean WTP, annual value of urban forests to tourists in Savanna in 2009 ranged from a minimum of $81 million to a maximum of $167 million with a 95% confidence interval. The annual value was $11.55 million (95% confidence interval: $7.59 million, $15.51 million) based on the estimated median WTP and assuming at least 50% of the tourists in Savannah would pay the median amount. As the mean was greatly influenced by extreme WTP values in the data, the annual value based on the median value was a more conservative estimate.     

基于森林仿真优化系统(FSOS)确定塞罕坝主要森林类型全周期年采伐量

确定森林年采伐量是编制森林经营方案的核心内容之一。科学合理的森林年采伐量对于优化森林结构、提高森林质量,实现森林可持续经营具有重要意义。本研究基于河北省塞罕坝机械林场2019年更新的二类调查数据,以人工华北落叶松林、人工樟子松林和天然白桦林为对象,采用森林仿真优化系统（FSOS）分析多种采伐策略情境下主要森林类型龄组结构、蓄积量结构和经济效益等因素在未来100年期间的变化趋势确定不同森林类型最合理的年采伐量。结果表明：人工华北落叶松林年主伐量的优化结果为50 000 m³,年抚育间伐量的优化结果为100 000 m³;人工樟子松林年主伐量的优化结果为5 000 m³,年抚育间伐量的优化结果为40 000 m³;天然桦树林并无主伐设计,年抚育间伐量的优化结果为20 000 m³。3种森林类型的全周期采伐量优化结果显示,短期内采伐量会存在一定波动,但在未来80年后,采伐量将稳定在既定目标。FSOS系统以未来目标为导向,基于全周期经营理念,是编制新型森林经营方案的重要技术手段,为实现森林可持续经营奠定基础。