Adding selenium‐enriched plant tissue to soil causes the accumulation of selenium in alfalfa

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine selenium (Se) uptake by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown in soils amended with Se‐laden mustard plant tissue. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with treatments consisting of 5, 10, 20, and 40 g of added dried Se‐containing mustard tissue to the soil, which resulted in soil Se concentrations of 1.0, 1.6, 3.0, and 5.7 mg Se/kg, respectively. Four clippings of alfalfa were made and the vegetative portions analyzed for dry weight and total Se. Plant dry weight yields and heights of plants were significantly reduced only at the highest Se treatment rate. Mean tissue Se concentrations increased from 1.8 mg Se/kg DM at the 5 g treatment rate to 6.0 mg Se/kg DM at the 40 g treatment rate. Based on this study, alfalfa can accumulate Se during establishment year when Se‐laden mustard plant tissue is added to the soil.     

氮肥减量配施微生物菌剂对灌淤土花椰菜产量及土壤微生物的影响

采用biolog微生物鉴定系统和平板稀释法探讨了氮肥减量配施自制微生物菌剂对花椰菜产量及根际土壤微生物的影响研究。结果表明:T₄（2/3倍N肥用量+微生物菌剂）、T₅（3/4倍N肥用量+微生物菌剂）和T₆（常规N肥用量+微生物菌剂）处理土壤细菌、放线菌和微生物总数数量分别增加了57.6%~321.54%,66.81%~83.62%和135.40%~232.07%,而土壤真菌数量降低34.08%~41.80%。与对照相比各施肥处理增加了土壤细菌占微生物总数的比例,降低了真菌和放线菌的比例,T₅和T₄处理效果最显著。与对照相比T₄,T₅和T₆处理显著提高了土壤微生物群总落碳源利用能力。T₄,T₅和T₆处理显著增加了土壤微生物群落对碳水化合物、羧酸类、聚合物类和氨基酸类碳源的代谢水平,T₃（单施微生物菌剂）处理显著增加了土壤微生物群落对羧酸类和聚合物类碳源的代谢水平。T₅和T₆处理对增加花椰菜产量、生物量效果接近,花椰菜产量分别增加了12.35%和10.75%,地下干生物量增加了57%左右,T₂（单施氮肥）和T₄处理增加花椰菜产量5%左右。     

土壤增施蛋氨酸硒对厚皮甜瓜生理特性和品质的影响

【目的】本研究探究了蛋氨酸硒对厚皮甜瓜生长与生理特性的调控作用,硒在厚皮甜瓜中的富集效益,以及硒在土壤中的变化趋势。【方法】以‘M135’厚皮甜瓜为试材,蛋氨酸硒为硒源,采用盆栽试验,以土壤本底硒为对照,通过向土壤中增施蛋氨酸硒使土壤中的总硒含量分别增加4、 10和16 mg/kg,研究了蛋氨酸硒对厚皮甜瓜生长、 产量、 光合特性、 产品品质及果肉硒含量的影响,对厚皮甜瓜不同组织器官中总硒含量的影响,以及对土壤中不同形态硒含量变化的影响。【结果】施硒4、 10和16 mg/kg均可显著提高甜瓜叶片光合色素含量、 叶片光合速率、 植株生长量以及甜瓜产量; 另外,不同浓度施硒处理还显著提高了果肉中有机硒、 无机硒、 可溶性糖、 可溶性蛋白、 游离氨基酸和维生素C的含量,并以10 mg/kg施硒处理的效果最佳。10 mg/kg施硒处理的单株产量比对照提高了19.53%,果肉中的可溶性糖、 可溶性蛋白、 游离氨基酸和维生素C的含量比对照分别提高了14.82%、 49.88%、 23.42%和25.03%,果肉中硒的总含量为44.74 μg/kg,其中有机硒含量36.87 μg/kg,占到总硒含量的82.91%,达到富硒标准。进一步的研究发现,虽然果肉中硝酸还原酶活力、 硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量均随施硒浓度的增加而增加,但4、 10和16 mg/kg施硒处理后的亚硝酸盐含量分别为1.499、 1.907和2.131 mg/kg,均远低于国家标准的上限(20 mg/kg)。对施硒后厚皮甜瓜不同组织器官中硒含量的研究发现,厚皮甜瓜各组织器官(根、 茎、 叶柄、 叶、 果皮、 果肉和种子)的总硒含量也随施硒浓度的增加而增加。对根、 茎、 叶柄和叶的比较发现,在未增施蛋氨酸硒时叶中的硒含量最高,其次为根、 茎和叶柄; 而增施蛋氨酸硒后则表现为根中最多,其次为茎、 叶和叶柄。对果皮、 果肉和种子的比较发现,各处理果实内各组织的总硒含量均表现为种子中最多,其次为果肉和果皮。对施硒后土壤中不同形态硒含量的研究发现,定植后未施蛋氨酸硒的上层土壤中总硒、 无机态Se6+的含量均呈下降趋势,土壤中有机硒和无机态Se4+的含量变化不大; 4、 10和16 mg/kg施硒处理的土壤中有机硒、 总硒以及无机态Se4+含量都呈先下降后趋于平缓的趋势,而无机态Se6+的含量则呈先上升后下降的趋势。【结论】土壤增施蛋氨酸硒后提高了厚皮甜瓜果肉的硒含量,增强了光合能力,促进了厚皮甜瓜植株的生长,从而提高了产量和综合品质,其适宜的土壤施硒浓度为10 mg/kg。     

三种滴灌肥对草莓生长、产量及品质的影响

为了研究滴施氨基酸、全生物有机肥和黄腐酸复合肥对草莓生长、产量及品质的影响.在克拉玛依白碱滩区设常规对照处理基础上,追施氨基酸、全生物有机肥和黄腐酸复合肥3种有机肥,共4个处理,3次重复,随机排列,分析3种滴灌肥与草莓特性之间的关系.结果表明:3种滴灌肥能够显著提高草莓株高、单株叶面积和全株生物量,成熟期分别提高18....     

Food matrix effects on bioactivity of broccoli-derived sulforaphane in liver and colon of F344 rats

Sulforaphane (SF) is considered to be the major anticarcinogenic component in broccoli. The effects of feeding rats purified SF (5 mmol/kg of diet), broccoli containing SF formed in situ during laboratory hydrolysis (broccoli-HP; 20% freeze-dried broccoli diet, 0.16 mmol of SF/kg of diet), and broccoli containing intact glucosinolates (broccoli-GS; 20% freeze-dried broccoli diet, 2.2 mmol of glucoraphanin/kg of diet) were compared. Rats (male F344 rats, five per group) were fed control (modified AIN-76 B-40), SF, broccoli-HP, or broccoli-GS for 5 days. In rats fed broccoli-GS, quinone reductase activities (QR) in the colon and liver were greater (4.5- and 1.4-fold over control, respectively) than in rats fed broccoli-HP (3.2- and 1.1-fold over control, respectively). Broccoli-GS and SF diets increased QR to the same extent, even though the broccoli-GS diet contained far less SF (as the unhydrolyzed glucosinolate, glucoraphanin) than the purified SF diet. In a second experiment, rats were fed one of six diets for 5 days: (1) control; (2) 20% broccoli-GS; (3) diet 2 + low SF (0.16 mmol/kg of diet); (4) diet 2 + high SF (5 mmol/kg of diet); (5) low SF (0.32 mmol/kg of diet); or (6) high SF (5.16 mmol/kg of diet). In both liver and colon, QR was increased most by high SF plus broccoli-GS; individually, high SF and broccoli-GS had similar effects, and adding the low-dose SF to broccoli-GS had either no effect or a negative effect. In both experiments, urinary SF-mercapturic acid correlated with QR activity, not with dietary intake. It was concluded that all diets were substantially more effective in the colon than in the liver and that broccoli-GS was more potent than SF or broccoli-HP.     

Centrifugal extraction and determination of free amino acids in soil solutions by TLC using tritiated 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

A method is described to separate and quantitate free amino acids from soil solutions extracted rapidly by centrifugation at 10,000 g for 5 min. Centrifugation of soil samples with forces up to 20,000 g did not affect the content of ammonium and water soluble organic carbon in solution, therefore it was concluded that the integrity of microbial cells was unaffected.The method of amino acid analysis involved treatment of the soil solution with tritiated 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene under alkaline conditions after addition of a known concentration of a standard mixture of amino acids. After extraction, the dinitrophenyl (DNP)-amino acids were separated by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Quantification was effected by counting the ³H-activity of each spot and comparing it to that of spots of a standard amino acid mixture of known concentration. The method has been tested and found satisfactory on a variety of cultivated soils, except for an Andept soil with a high content of metallic ions in solution.The total free amino acid content in cultivated and virgin soil samples ranged between 0.32 and 4.72 μg g^?1 soil.Alanine, phenylalanine and threonine were the most abundant followed by valine and the aspartic-glutamic acid complex. Basic amino acids, those containing S (methionine and cystine), and the isoleucine-leucine pair were the least abundant and frequently not detected. With the Chernozemic order the total amino acid content decreased in the following order: Brown > Dark Brown > Black. Virgin soil samples contained more but not always a wider range of free amino acids than did cultivated soils. A Luvisolic soil cropped for 50 yr to a 5-yr rotation contained fewer and a narrower range of free amino acids than did the same soil cropped to a wheat-fallow rotation.     

营养液中添加氯化钠降低硫浓度对韭菜硝酸盐累积的减控效应

  【目的】  韭菜易于吸收和累积硝酸盐,研究营养液中添加氯化钠 (NaCl) 和降低硫含量减少韭菜硝酸盐累积的效果,并从氮代谢途径初步探讨其减少硝酸盐累积的机理。  【方法】  采用新型韭菜专用营养液架床栽培系统进行了韭菜水培试验。在营养液中添加NaCl 12 mmol/L的同时,硫浓度设定为3、2、1和0 mmol/L 4个水平,分别用NaCl+S₃, NaCl+S₂, NaCl+S₁ 和 NaCl+S₀表示。韭菜生长30天后,取样分析了不同硫水平下韭菜中的硝酸盐含量及主要氮代谢途径中的氨基酸含量。  【结果】  在营养液硫供应水平3 mmol/L下,与营养液中不添加氯化钠处理 (CK) 相比,NaCl+S₃处理的韭菜硝酸盐累积降低了32.60%,地上部干重、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量、根系活力显著增加;NaCl+S₁处理的韭菜硝酸盐累积降低了53.30%,地上部干重、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量、根系活力显著增加。NaCl+S₁处理较NaCl+S₃处理更有利于降低硝酸盐含量。韭菜地上部的全氮含量无显著变化 (NaCl+S₃处理) 或略有增加 (NaCl+S₁处理),表明添加低浓度氯化钠并未限制氮素吸收。NaCl+S₃和NaCl+S₁处理下,硝态氮还原活性 (硝酸还原酶NR) 和转氨活性 (谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶GOT、谷氨酸丙氨酸转氨酶GPT) 增加,尤其是初级同化活性 (谷氨酰胺合成酶GS) 分别大幅增加了43.57%和71.43%。NaCl+S₃和NaCl+S₁处理下,丝氨酸途径的游离氨基酸代谢和天冬氨酸途径的蛋白质合成得到增强,韭菜的游离氨基酸总量基本保持不变或略有增加,而蛋白质水解氨基酸总量显著增加。  【结论】  韭菜专用营养液中添加NaCl 12 mmol/L并将硫浓度降低到1 mmol/L,可显著提高根系和氮代谢关键酶活性,在一定程度上改变游离氨基酸代谢途径和蛋白质合成途径,进而在显著增加韭菜干物质的同时,大大降低硝酸盐累积。     

Cancer-protective properties of high-selenium broccoli

Selenium (Se) from high-Se garlic reduces the incidence of chemically induced mammary tumors, and Se from high-Se broccoli reduces colon cancer. However, the ability of Se from high-Se broccoli to protect against mammary cancer has not been tested. Also, the sprout form of broccoli contains many secondary plant compounds that are known to reduce cancer risk, but the anticarcinogenic activity of broccoli sprouts has not been investigated. The present studies examined the ability of high-Se broccoli or high-Se broccoli sprouts to protect against chemically induced mammary or colon cancer. In one experiment, Sprague--Dawley rats that consumed diets containing 3.0 microg of Se/g supplied as high-Se broccoli had significantly fewer mammary tumors than rats fed 0.1 microg of Se as selenite with or without the addition of regular broccoli. In the second experiment, Fisher F-344 rats fed 2.0 microg of Se/g of diet supplied as either high-Se broccoli florets or high-Se broccoli sprouts had significantly fewer aberrant colon crypts than rats fed 0.1 or 2 microg of Se/g of diet supplied as selenite with or without the addition of low-Se broccoli. These data demonstrate that the cancer-protective effect of Se in high-Se broccoli extends to mammary cancer and the protective forms of broccoli against colon cancer include high-Se broccoli sprouts.     

Microbial activity and biomass in mixture treatments of soil and biogenic municipal refuse compost

An incubation experiment was performed to determine how the mixing of soil with municipal organic refuse compost affects C mineralization, growth of the microbial biomass, and changes in organic components, especially in the fractions of amino acids and amino sugars. Compost and soil differed in almost every parameter measured, with the organic C content of the compost representing only 10.8% of the dry weight. The fractions of K₂SO₄-extractable organic C and of non-hydrolyzable C were larger in the compost (1.24 and 62.9% of organic C, respectively) than in the soil (0.56 and 41.6% of organic C). These two fractions increased in proportion to the addition of compost, in contrast to amino sugar and amino acid C which were identified overproportionately in the mixture treatments, especially in the 30% compost treatment. Overproportionate increases in the microbial biomass C content and CO₂ evolution rate were also measured in this treatment. The adsorption of compost colloids on the surface of regular soil silicates increased both the availability for microbial enzymes and the detectability for chemical analysis.     

Na+与Cl–浓度平衡供应促进小白菜干物质积累及营养品质提升

  【目的】  适宜的Na+与Cl–浓度均有利于植物的生长,但Na+和Cl–哪个起主导作用,以及二者之间的平衡关系对其有益作用的影响尚不清楚。因此,拟通过本研究为低浓度氯化钠在生产中的应用提供理论依据。  【方法】  采用盆栽试验培养小白菜(Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. communis Tsen et Lee),在小白菜长到3叶1心时进行叶面喷施处理。以NaCl为基础,设置了[Na+]<[Cl–] (A)、[Na+]＝[Cl–] (B)和[Na+]>[Cl–] (C) 3组处理。B组平衡态的3个处理的[Na+]∶[Cl–]的浓度(mmol/L)比为6∶6 (B₁)、12∶12 (B₂)、18∶18 (B₃);A组非平衡态的3个处理为0∶6 (A₁)、6∶12 (A₂)、12∶18 (A₃);C组非平衡态的3个处理的比值是6∶0 (C₁)、12∶6 (C₂)、18∶12 (C₃),以无离子水为对照CK,每日喷施一次,连续处理21天。停止喷施后,取样观测叶片组织结构,测定植株干鲜物质量、叶片光合活性以及游离氨基酸含量。  【结果】  无论[Na+]和[Cl–]是平衡还是非平衡状态,喷施处理均显著提高了小白菜的干鲜物质积累量和叶片光合活性。与CK相比,3个[Na+]、[Cl–]等浓度供给处理均显著增加了小白菜植株干、鲜生物量,显著增加了植株游离氨基酸含量,增加了叶面积尤其是中上位叶面积,促生效果均以B₂ 处理最佳,植株干、鲜生物量分别比CK增加了35.1%和43.7%,叶面积增加了33.4%。在非平衡状态中,有Cl–无Na+时有利于含水量增加,有Na+无Cl–时有利于干物质累积,且表现出Na+和Cl–均有利于含水量增加,Na+比Cl–更有利于游离氨基酸累积([Na+]>[Cl–]时,增加52.6%),Cl–比Na+更有利于干物质累积和光合速率([Na+]<[Cl–]时,增加17.3%)以及气孔导度([Na+]<[Cl–]时,增加145.3%)增加的现象。2因素主体间效应检验显示,小白菜的植株干鲜物质和营养物质累积、叶面积和比叶重、叶片光合气体交换活性,既受Na+、Cl–单独离子效应的影响,又受Na+与Cl–交互效应的影响。  【结论】  叶面喷施[Na+]与[Cl–]平衡与否都对小白菜的生长、干物质累积、含水量增加和叶片光合活性具有促进效应。但以12 mmol/L NaCl的生长促进效应更优,其主要表现为叶面积的扩展促使植株干物质累积。     

聚合氨基酸对北方水稻土中氧化铁存在形态的影响

为了解不同类型水稻土中氧化铁含量特征,探明添加外源聚合氨基酸对水稻土中氧化铁形态变化的影响,本研究以中国北方不同类型水稻土(棕壤型、草甸土型和滨海盐渍型)为研究对象,设置添加占供试土壤干重0.05%的γ-聚谷氨酸和聚天冬氨酸处理,以不添加氨基酸作为对照。通过室内恒温厌氧培养30 d后,测定各水稻土全铁、游离氧化铁、无定形氧化铁和络合态铁含量及氧化铁的活化和络合程度。结果表明:供试的北方3种典型水稻土中,游离氧化铁含量为滨海盐渍型草甸土型≥棕壤型,络合态铁含量为棕壤型滨海盐渍型≥草甸土型,而无定形氧化铁含量为棕壤型滨海盐渍型草甸土型。两种外源聚合氨基酸对不同类型水稻土氧化铁形态转化能力影响存在差异,与不添加氨基酸的对照相比,添加γ-聚谷氨酸的棕壤型水稻土无定形氧化铁和络合态铁含量分别增加27.72%和32.25%,聚天冬氨酸对无定形氧化铁和络合态铁含量无显著促进作用;在草甸土型水稻土中,γ-聚谷氨酸和聚天冬氨酸均能显著增加无定形氧化铁含量,且与对照相比,络合态铁含量分别增加136.24%和12.00%;γ-聚谷氨酸能有效促进滨海盐渍型水稻土中无定形氧化铁和络合态铁的生成。总之,添加γ-聚谷氨酸和聚天冬氨酸对水稻土游离氧化铁的含量没有明显影响;而添加γ-聚谷氨酸能有效增加水稻土中无定形氧化铁和络合态铁含量,降低晶胶率,有利于提高土壤中有效铁含量,显著活化铁氧化物,抑制各类型水稻土中铁的结晶老化;而聚天冬氨酸对水稻土无定形氧化铁和络合态铁没有明显的激发效应。     

Free amino acid and cysteine sulfoxide composition of 11 garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass selective detection

Two garlic subspecies (n = 11), Allium sativum L. var. opioscorodon (hardneck) and Allium sativum L. var. sativum (softneck), were evaluated for their free amino acid composition. The free amino acid content of garlic samples analyzed ranged from 1121.7 to 3106.1 mg/100 g of fresh weight (mean = 2130.7 +/- 681.5 mg/100 g). Hardneck garlic had greater methiin, alliin, and total free amino acids contents compared to softneck garlic. The major free amino acid present in all but one subspecies was glutamine (cv. Mother of Pearl had aspartic acid as the major free amino acid). Cv. Music Pink garlic (a rocambole hardneck variety) contained the most methiin, alliin, and total free amino acids. The solid-phase extraction, alkylchloroformate derivatization, GC-FID, and GC-MS methods used in this study were simple and rapid, allowing 18 free amino acids in garlic to be separated within 10 min.     

6-Benzylaminopurine delays senescence and enhances health-promoting compounds of harvested broccoli

The effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) on the color, antioxidant activity, and contents of total phenols, glucosinolate, and sulforaphane in broccoli florets was investigated. The results showed that 6-BA treatment markedly inhibited the increase of the L* value and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and retarded the decrease of the H value. 6-BA treatment reduced the rate of chlorophyll degradation by regulating the activities of chlorophyllase and Mg-dechelatase. When compared to control florets, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) were enhanced in florets treated with 6-BA, whereas the activity of peroxidase (POD) was significantly reduced. The contents of total phenols, glucosinolate, and sulforaphane in broccoli florets were also profoundly increased after treatment with 6-BA. These results indicated that 6-BA could maintain the quality, delay senescence, and improve the nutritional value of broccoli.     

低分子量有机酸强化烟草修复镉污染土壤的适用性研究

采用盆栽试验,以0.125mmol/kg EDTA为对照,研究3种低分子量有机酸(酒石酸、柠檬酸和草酸)在强化烟草修复镉污染土壤中应用的可行性。3种低分子量有机酸(LMWOA)均可显著降低土壤pH,提高镉的有效含量,酒石酸和草酸对镉在烟草中转运有抑制作用,柠檬酸在酸性土壤中促进镉在烟草中转运,在中性土壤中则起抑制作用。31.25mmol/kg LMWOA对烟草地上部的生长有一定的促进作用,该浓度的柠檬酸和草酸使酸性土壤中烟草地上部镉累积量分别提高42.95%和28.67%,柠檬酸还使中性土壤中烟草地上部镉的累积量提高40.91%,所有酒石酸处理镉在烟草地上部的累积量均降低,EDTA使酸性土壤中烟草地上部镉的累积量提高24.56%,对中性土壤中烟草地上部镉累积量的影响不显著。表明柠檬酸和草酸具有强化烟草地上部对镉的吸收、提高烟草提取土壤镉效率的作用,但要获得与EDTA相当的效果,需大大提高其用量,这必然导致修复成本大大提高,故不宜用于强化烟草修复镉污染土壤。     

病死动物源氨基酸研制的生物有机肥促生效果研究

废弃动物尸体酸解为氨基酸能够有效解决农业生产中动物尸体带来的环境污染问题,本研究利用此类病死动物资源水解的的氨基酸研制生物有机肥,以期在研制出低成本高品质生物有机肥的同时推进新型氨基酸的利用。本文首先比较了根际功能菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9在添加不同浓度酸解氨基酸液有机肥中的固体发酵效果及不同浓度酸解氨基酸水解液发酵的生物有机肥盆栽促生效果,进而确立了生物有机肥的氨基酸添加浓度。再进一步通过黄瓜、辣椒和玉米盆栽试验,评估了所研制新型生物有机肥的促生效果。研究结果表明:酸解氨基酸水解液添加量为20%时,所研制生物有机肥中功能菌数量最高,达到2.25×10~8CFU/g,是未添加氨基酸对照的3倍。黄瓜盆栽促生试验表明,氨基酸添加量为20%所发酵的生物有机肥促生效果优于其他处理和对照,株高、茎粗、叶绿素、鲜重和干重值均为最高,根围土壤中功能菌的数量达2.51×10~5CFU/g。不同作物盆栽试验结果表明,添加氨基酸研制的含菌株SQR9生物有机肥处理的促生效果优于添加化肥研制的含菌株SQR9生物有机肥、有机肥直接接种菌株SQR9研制的生物有机肥、普通有机肥和添加氨基酸的普通有机肥处理,同时施用含SQR9菌株的肥料促生效果优于施用不含功能菌的相同配方制造的有机肥处理,表明,利用菌株SQR9研制的生物有机肥具有良好的促生效果,相比于化肥,添加氨基酸固体发酵功能菌后更加有益于功能菌促生功能的发挥。在各种作物根围土壤中的微生物涂布试验中,添加氨基酸研制的含菌株SQR9生物有机肥处理的功能微生物数量显著高于其他处理。综上,添加20%的氨基酸水解液能够有效促进功能微生物在有机肥中的繁殖,固体发酵形成的生物有机肥具有优异的促生效果。     

氨基酸菌肥施用量对茶树生长及土壤肥力的影响

为探究不同氨基酸菌肥施用量对茶树生长和土壤肥力含量的影响,以鸿雁12号茶树为研究对象,采用田间微区试验的方法,设置了不施用氨基酸菌肥作对照组(CK)和氨基酸菌肥施用量分别为75 kg·hm-2(T1)、150 kg·hm-2(T2)、225 kg·hm-2(T3)和300 kg·hm-2(T4)的处理,研究不同氨基酸菌...     

硒对苦荞硒、总黄酮和芦丁含量、分布与累积的影响

采用盆栽试验探讨土壤施硒对苦荞硒、总黄酮和芦丁含量、分布与累积的影响。结果看出,在土壤施硒0.5～2.0 mg/kg范围,苦荞根在苗期（40 d）大量吸收并累积硒,全生育期各器官硒含量极显著提高;在生长中后期(60～80 d) 硒的累积最快,累积量最多。硒在苦荞各器官中的分布为:在40 d时,根＞叶＞茎;60 d时Se0.0处理为叶＞根＞花＞茎,施硒各处理则为花＞根＞叶＞茎;80 d时Se0.0处理以花＞根＞叶＞茎＞子粒,Se0.5处理以花＞叶＞子粒＞茎＞根,施硒≥1.0 mg/kg的处理则为花＞叶＞茎＞根＞子粒。土壤施硒≤1.0 mg/kg促进苦荞生长,提高地上部各器官干重和植株总干重以及各器官总黄酮和芦丁含量与累积量,不改变总黄酮和芦丁的器官分布,增加苦荞中后期对总黄酮的累积;以Se0.5处理效应最佳,各差异达显著水平。过量的硒（Se1.5～2.0 mg/kg）显著抑制苦荞生长,降低各器官干重、总黄酮和芦丁含量与累积,不利于硒在子粒中富集和总黄酮在子粒中分布。表明在低硒土壤上栽培苦荞,土壤施硒以不超过1.0 mg/kg为宜,既能最大限度的提高苦荞各器官硒、总黄酮和芦丁含量和累积量,又可降低施用硒肥的成本和减少硒肥对环境的影响。     

西兰花叶中生物活性成分的测定

为探究西兰花叶中生物活性成分的具体含量,以西兰花叶为原材料,对西兰花叶中萝卜硫素、总酚、总黄酮、总蛋白质的含量和组成进行了测定与分析。结果表明,西兰花废弃叶中萝卜硫素含量为92.50 μg·g^-1 DW,总酚含量为3.15 mg·g^-1 DW,总黄酮含量为2.48 mg·g^-1 DW,总蛋白质含量为89.38 mg·g^-1 DW,蛋白质组成中核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)所占比例最大。本研究明确了西兰花叶片中4种生物活性成分的具体含量,为进一步开发利用西兰花废弃物提供了一定的数据支持。     

中国亚热带地区酸性土壤上部分酸化的磷矿石的农学潜力

A glasshouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the agronomic potential of four partially acidulated rock phosphates(PARP) in three representative solis sampled from subtripical China.The PARPs were manufactured by attacking a moderately reactive phosphate rock either with sulfuric acid alone or with combination of sulfuric and phosphoric acids at 30 or 60 percent of acidulation.Shoot dry weight and P accumulation of six successive cuttings of ryegrass were used to compare the agronomic potential of these fertilizers with that of the raw rock phosphate(RP) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP).Results indicated that the effectiveness of various phosphates was determined both by the solubility of the phosphates and by the acidity and P-fixing capacity of the soils.The higher the watersoluble P contained,the better the effectiveness of the fertilizer was.Although plant P accumulation of PARP treatments was constantly lower than that of MCP treatment,some PARPs could still get a dry matter production similar to that of MCP treatment.PARP SP60,which was acidulated with a mixture of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid at 60 percent of acidulation and contained the highest soluble,P,was as effective as MCP in terms of dry matter production on all the soils.S60 and C1 which were both acidulated with sulfuric acid with the former at 60 percent of acidulation and the latter at 30 percent but with a further addition of monoammonium phosphate,were more than 80 percent as efective as MCP,Raw RP also showed a reasonable effectiveness which increased with soil acidity.It was suggested from the study that some of these APRPs could be expected to have a comparable field performance as soluble P fertilizers in the acid soil regions.