小型猪复合麻醉剂对大鼠不同脑区突触体Ca^2＋，Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性的影晌

探讨Ca2＋，Mg2＋-ATP酶与小型猪复合麻醉剂全麻作用的关系，以判断该酶是否为该制剂作用的靶位之一。选取84只SD大鼠，先随机抽取12只为对照组，其余随机均分为高剂量小型猪复合麻醉剂组（腹腔注射7．5mg／kg）和低剂量小型猪复合麻醉剂组（腹腔注射5mg／kg），每个剂量组又随机均分为麻醉组、恢复I组和恢复Ⅱ组等3个亚纽。对照组腹腔注射生理盐水10mL／kg，5min后断头取材；麻醉组、恢复I组和恢复Ⅱ组分别在翻正反射消失即刻、翻正反射恢复即刻和大鼠可直线爬行后断头取材，在生理盐水冰面上取脑，用4℃生理盐水将脑上的血迹冲洗干净，迅速分离双侧大脑皮层、海马、小脑、脑干、丘脑，立即液氮冷冻。制备脑粗突触体，采用比色法测定ca2＋，Mg2-ATP酶活性。结果表明，小型猪复合麻醉剂的全麻作用与抑制小脑和丘脑突触体Ca2＋，Mg2＋-ATP酶活性相关，此酶可能是小型猪复合麻醉剂全麻作用的靶位之一。     

小型猪复合麻醉剂对大鼠不同脑区突触体Na+,K+-ATP酶活性的影响

研究Na+,K+-ATP酶与小型猪复合麻醉剂全麻作用的关系,以判断该酶是否为该制剂作用的靶位之一.试验选取84只SD大鼠,先随机抽取12只为对照组,其余随机均分为高剂量小型猪复合麻醉剂组(腹腔注射(ip) 7.5 mg/kg)和低剂量小型猪复合麻醉剂组(5mg/kg),每个剂量组又随机均分为麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组等3个亚组.对照组注射生理盐水10 mL/kg,5 min后断头取材;麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组分别在翻正反射消失即刻、翻正反射恢复即刻和大鼠可直线爬行后断头取材.迅速分离双侧大脑皮层、海马、小脑、脑干、丘脑,立即液氮冷冻.制备脑粗突触体,采用比色法测定Na+,K+-ATP酶活性.结果表明:2个剂量麻醉组大脑皮层、脑干和丘脑突触体Na+,K+-ATP酶活性受到明显抑制(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),高剂量组小脑该酶也发生明显变化(P＜0.05).在恢复期上述脑区的该酶活性呈现不同程度恢复,与对照组相比,差异不显著(P＞0.05),海马在2剂量组未发生明显的变化.小型猪复合麻醉剂的全麻作用与抑制小脑和丘脑突触体Na+,K+-ATP酶活性相关,说明此酶可能是小型猪复合麻醉剂全麻作用的靶位之一.     

小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对大鼠不同脑区Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性的影响

为探讨Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶在小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂催醒过程中的作用,144只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和试验组,2组再分为早期催醒组、中期催醒组和晚期催醒组。用分光光度法测定不同脑区Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶活性。结果显示大鼠在不同时期注射小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂后,大鼠不同脑区的Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶活性均被激活,且Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶活性的这种变化趋势与大鼠行为学的变化相一致。结果表明小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂催醒作用可能与激活脑干和海马等脑区的Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶活性相关。     

鹿特异性复合麻醉剂对大鼠不同脑区ATP酶活性的影响

为研究鹿特异性复合麻醉剂麻醉与大鼠各脑区突触体ATP酶活性的关系,探讨其麻醉机理。将20只SD大鼠分为对照组和麻醉组,对照组大鼠腹腔注射30mL/kg生理盐水,试验组腹腔注射30mg/kg鹿特异性复合麻醉剂,采集大鼠各脑区,利用比色法测定脑区内Na＋-K＋-ATP、Ca2＋-AT P和Mg2＋-ATP酶活性。结果显示,药物作用后大鼠大脑皮层和脑干Na＋、K＋-ATP酶活性与对照组比较降低显著（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,小脑、脑干和海马Ca2＋-ATP酶活性与对照组比较显著降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,大脑Mg2＋-AT P酶活性低于对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结果表明,麻醉引起大鼠大脑皮层、脑干中Na＋-K＋-ATP酶活性降低,大脑皮层中Mg2＋-ATP酶活性低,小脑、脑干和海马脑区中Ca2＋-ATP酶活性降低可能是鹿特异性复合麻醉剂麻醉作用的机理之一。     

乳化异氟醚静脉麻醉对大鼠中枢突触体ATP酶活性的影响

为探讨乳化异氟醚对大鼠中枢突触体ATP酶活性的影响,选用36只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、麻醉组和麻醉恢复组,经乳化异氟醚尾静脉注射对大鼠进行麻醉,采用比色法检测各脑区的突触体ATP酶活性。结果显示:大鼠注射乳化异氟醚后大脑皮层、海马和丘脑Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶与对照组相比显著下降(P0.05),大脑皮质和海马Mg2+-ATP酶与对照组相比显著下降(P0.05)。提示:乳化异氟醚能够抑制大脑皮层、海马和丘脑内Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶的生成,抑制大脑皮质和海马内Mg2+-ATP酶的生成,推测中枢突触体ATP酶是乳化异氟醚产生麻醉效应的主要靶位。     

噻拉嗪对山羊不同脑区ATP酶活性的影响

为研究噻拉嗪对山羊不同脑区Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性的影响,探讨噻拉嗪麻醉山羊的中枢作用机制。试验将25只山羊随机平均分成对照组、诱导组、麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组共5组。对照组肌肉注射生理盐水10 m L,试验组肌肉注射噻拉嗪12.8 mg/kg体重。10 min后、山羊倒地、翻正反射消失后、翻正反射恢复后和翻正反射恢复后6 h断头取脑组织,采用分光光度法测定山羊各脑区Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性。结果大脑皮质、丘脑的Na+-K+-ATP酶活性分别较对照组降低30.1%和21.9%(P<0.01);大脑皮质、海马、丘脑、小脑和脑干内Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性分别较对照组降低36.5%、38.6%、35.1%、36.9%和37.9%(P<0.01)。恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组两种ATP酶活性的变化与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。表明噻拉嗪通过大脑皮质和丘脑Na+-K+-ATP酶及大脑皮质、海马、丘脑、小脑和脑干内Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性作用的改变起麻醉作用。     

鹿复合麻醉剂对大鼠小脑和海马突触体Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性的影响

通过检测鹿复合麻醉剂作用下大鼠小脑及海马突触体Ca~(2+)-Mg_(2+)-ATP酶活性的变化,探讨其麻醉与该脑区突触体Ca~(2+)-Mg_(2+)-ATP酶相关性。32只纯种SD大鼠随机分为对照组、诱导组、麻醉组和催醒组,利用比色法测定Ca~(2+)-Mg_(2+)-ATP酶活性。结果显示,药物作用后大鼠小脑及海马脑区突触体Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.01或P0.05);小脑脑区突触体Mg_(2+)-ATP酶活性降低,与对照组比较显著降低(P0.01或P0.05)。结果提示,鹿复合麻醉剂抑制了大鼠小脑、海马脑区突触体Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性及小脑脑区突触体Mg_(2+)-ATP酶活性。     

噻环乙胺对大鼠不同脑区突触体Ca2+ Mg2+-ATP酶活性的动态影响

Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶,也称Ca2+泵或Ca2+-ATP酶.脑Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶主要功能是消耗ATP酶提供的能量将细胞内Ca2+泵至胞外或泵入胞内内质网,通过调节并维持神经元细胞胞浆Ca2+的低稳态,在维持神经系统功能中发挥着重要作用[1].     

小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对大鼠不同脑区Na+,K+-ATP酶活性的影响

为探讨Na+,K+-ATP酶在小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂催醒过程中的作用,144只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组和试验组再分为早期催醒组、中期催醒组和晚期催醒组.用分光光度法测定不同脑区Na+,K+-ATP酶活性.结果显示,大鼠在不同时期注射小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂后,大鼠不同脑区的Na+,K+-ATP酶活性均被激活,且Na+,K+-ATP酶活性的这种变化趋势与大鼠行为学的变化相一致.表明小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂催醒作用可能与激活大脑皮层和海马等脑区的Na+,K+-ATP酶活性相关.     

鹿复合麻醉剂麻醉与大脑皮质部分ATP酶相关性研究

为了探究鹿复合麻醉剂麻醉与脑区突触体ATP酶相关性,试验选取纯种SD大鼠32只,随机分为对照组、诱导组、麻醉组和催醒组,利用比色法测定样本中ATP酶活性。结果表明:药物作用后大鼠麻醉全程大脑皮质突触体Na~+-K~+-ATP和Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性诱导组显著降低(P0.05),麻醉组和催醒组极显著降低(P0.01)。说明大脑皮质突触体Na~+-K~+-ATP和Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性的抑制与鹿复合麻醉剂引起麻醉作用具有一定相关性。     

Expression of Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) in Porcine Oocytes During Maturation

Perilipins have been reported to limit the interaction of lipases with neutral lipids within the droplets, thereby regulating neutral lipid accumulation and utilization. This study aimed to identify the location and expression of PLIN1 and PLIN2 in porcine oocytes during maturation. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), immunostaining and Western blot methods were used to characterize the expression and distribution patterns of PLIN1 and PLIN2 in porcine oocytes. The results showed that PLIN1 was not detectable in porcine oocytes. PLIN2 and BODIPY 493/503‐detected neutral lipid droplets appeared identical distribution patterns and extensive colocalization in both GV and MII porcine oocytes. PLIN2 protein expression was higher in GV oocytes than that in MII oocytes (p < 0.05), although PLIN2 mRNA expression was similar in both groups. These findings suggested that PLIN2 was a major lipid droplet‐associated protein in porcine oocytes.     

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in canine intracranial meningiomas

Meningiomas are the most common canine intracranial tumour. Neurologic disability and death from treatment failure remain problematic despite current surgical and radiotheraputic treatments for canine intracranial meningiomas. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) over-expression has been demonstrated in multiple canine malignancies, and COX-2 inhibitory treatment strategies have been shown to have both preventative and therapeutic effects in spontaneous and experimental models of cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate COX-2 expression in canine intracranial meningiomas. Immunohistochemical and Western blot (WB) analyses showed COX-2 expression in multiple tissues of the normal canine brain, and 87% (21/24) of intracranial meningiomas studied were immunoreactive to COX-2. No significant associations between COX-2 immunoreactivity and tumour grade were identified. Further studies are required to elucidate the physiologic roles of constitutive COX-2 expression in the central nervous system as well as its participation in meningioma tumourigenesis.     

Transcutaneous monitor approximates PaCO(2) but not PaO(2) in anesthetized rabbits

ObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of transcutaneous (tc) to arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) in anesthetized rabbits.Study designProspective, randomized, experimental study.AnimalsEight healthy adult female New Zealand white rabbits weighing 4.05 ± 0.30 kg.MethodsIsoflurane anesthetized rabbits received six treatments in random order; PaCO₂ < 35, 35-45, and >45 mmHg and PaO₂ < 80, 100-200, >200 mmHg. Arterial and transcutaneous measurements were taken after 15 minutes of stabilization at each condition. Linear regression, correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were performed to compare PtcCO₂ to PaCO₂ and PtcO₂ to PaO₂.ResultsOver a range of measured PaCO₂ values from 21 to 67 mmHg (n = 24) mean bias for PtcCO₂ was -1 mmHg and the 95% limits of agreement were -7 to 5 mmHg. The correlation between PtcCO₂ and PaCO₂ was strong with R² value of 0.9454. Over the entire range of measured PaO₂ values (46-508 mmHg) mean bias for PtcO₂ was -61 mmHg and the 95% limits of agreement were -226 to 104 mmHg. Correlation was poor with R² = 0.5969. Comparing PtcO₂ to PaO₂ over a narrower range [PaO₂ < 150 mmHg (n = 13)] improved the correlation, with an R² value of 0.8518, mean bias of -7 mmHg and 95% limits of agreement from -33 to 19 mmHg.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn healthy anesthetized rabbits, PtcCO₂ closely approximated PaCO₂. In contrast PtcO₂ underestimated PaO₂, particularly at high values. The PtcCO₂ sensor may be a useful noninvasive way to assess adequacy of ventilation in anesthetized rabbits.     

Activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in canine oronasal tumors

Activity of matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) and the expression of its related molecules were examined in spontaneous canine oronasal tumors. Tissue samples from melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma possessed higher MMP-2 activity, as shown in gelatin zymography, in comparison with acanthomatous epulis and nasal adenocarcinoma. Regional lymph node invasion and distant metastases were more frequently observed in the MMP-2 positive cases. There were no significant differences by RT-PCR examination in the expression of the genes encoding MMP-2, MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 among the tumor histological types. However, the MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio showed a significantly higher level of the genes in the malignant oral melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio was also positively correlated with MMP-2 activity in gelatin zymography. These results indicate that the MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio may be of value in evaluating the prognosis in canine oronasal cavity tumors.     

猪圆环病毒2型ORF2/猪白介素2嵌合表达质粒在猪体内诱导的保护性免疫反应

为探讨猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)ORF2/猪白介素-2(PoIL-2)嵌合重组表达质粒(rpcDNA3.1/PCV2-linker-PoIL-2)在猪体内的免疫效果和免疫保护效果进而研制高效PCV2核酸疫苗,将35只10日龄健康仔猪平均分成7组分别以rpcDNA3.1/PCV2-linker-PoIL-2重组表达质粒或PCV2ORF2基因原核表达的rCap蛋白进行免疫及免疫保护试验。共进行4次肌肉注射免疫,每次间隔2周;于第4次免疫后3周通过口腔和鼻腔途径感染PCV2细胞强毒。分别于第4次免疫后和攻毒后不同时间通过检测免疫猪血清抗体水平和外周血T淋巴细胞增殖活性、辅助性T细胞(Th)和细胞毒性T细胞(Tc)亚群的百分含量、排毒率和病毒血症阳性维持时间等指标以评价其免疫和免疫保护效果。结果表明,各免疫组猪均产生了抗PCV2特异性ELISA免疫抗体,但rCap蛋白免疫组猪抗体水平较低;rpcDNA3.1/PCV2-linker-PoIL-2质粒对猪体的免疫和免疫保护效果显著优于rpcDNA3.1/ORF2质粒;在rpcDNA3.1/PCV2-linker-PoIL-2质粒或rpcDNA3.1/ORF2质粒中添加rCap蛋白对重组质粒免疫及免疫保护效果无明显影响。因此,选取rpcDNA3.1/PCV2-linker-PoIL-2质粒为下一步研制PCV2核酸疫苗的主要成分。     

分公司老总的苦水(2)

不管媚老板的员工也好．还是老板的宠臣或近臣也好，他们要削弱分公司老总的环境权力，均需靠拉虎皮作大旗。也就是说，老板不仅是分公司老总最大的环境权力赐予者，也是分公司执行力最大的关键，当然，弄不好还是最大的障碍或削弱者。老板削弱分公司老总环境权力的心态有如下几种：     

2019年国内外蜂胶研究概况(二)

4蜂胶的应用蜂胶在医药、日化、农业、食品等领域都有广泛的应用,2019年有约15%的论文是关于蜂胶在各领域内应用的研究内容,相比往年有明显的增加,这说明蜂胶的开发与利用受到越来越多的关注。4.1蜂胶在医疗领域的应用蜂胶具有丰富的多酚化合物,是天然的抗菌物质。     

Immunohistochemical Expressions of Main PGE(2) Biosynthesis-related Enzymes and PGE(2) Receptor in Rat Nephrogenesis

Endogenous prostaglandin (PG) E(2) plays important roles in renal homeostasis. Immunoexpressions of PGE(2) biosynthesis-related enzymes, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and microsomal PGE(2) synthetase (mPGES)-1 and EP4 (a PGE(2) receptor), were investigated in renal development. Kidney tissues were obtained from fetuses on gestation days 18 and 21 and neonates on days 1 to 18. In fetuses and early neonates, the expressions of COX-2, mPGES-1 and EP4 were observed in developing renal tubules, indicating that COX-2 and its product, PGE(2), play important roles in blastemal cell-derived renal tubular development via EP4. Cyclin D1 expression was seen in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the developing tubules. These findings differed from the decreased COX-2 expression and exclusive nuclear expression of cyclin D1 seen in abnormal epithelial regeneration of injured renal tubules in cisplatin-treated rats in our previous articles. Collectively, PGE(2), induced by COX-2, regulates renal tubular epithelial formation via EP4.