普洱季风常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段草本植物多样性研究

以针阔混交林、次生季风常绿阔叶林、成熟季风常绿阔叶林构成的演替系列为研究对象,采用空间代替时间法,比较、分析不同演替系列草本植物物种多样性特征,探讨季风常绿阔叶林演替过程中草本植物物种多样性变化规律。结果表明,在针阔混交林中草本植物共有14科22属22种,次生林中草本植物共有14科25属25种,成熟林中草本植物共有13科21属22种;随着演替的进行,丰富度指数呈先增大后减小的趋势,而Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数随着演替的进行呈先减小后增大的趋势;在不同的演替阶段中,草本植物的物种组成发生了变化,检验中,针阔混交林与次生常绿阔叶林的草本物种Sorensen相似性系数高达0.511,物种相似性最高。研究结果可为季风常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段的生物多样性保护提供理论依据。     

浙江省生态公益林物种多样性时空格局研究

通过380个浙江省生态公益林中常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、松林、杉木林4种主要森林群落的典型样地调查,对不同群落类型物种多样性的时空格局进行研究,结果表明:在空间格局上不同群落类型物种多样性存在较大差异,乔木层多样性指数以针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林为最高;针阔混交林的下木层物种数最高,其次是常绿阔叶林,但下木层各指数在各林型间均无显著差异;杉木林下草本层物种数指数最高,松林草本层各项指数都最低。从时间格局分析,不同群落类型的多样性指数随年龄变化各不相同,常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林乔木层物种数在幼龄-中龄-近熟阶段趋势一致,均为先大幅增加然后略有下降,两种针叶林型的物种数都相对稳定;4种主要群落类型的乔木层Simpson生态优势度指数D,常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林随时间变化趋势一致,均为先增加后略有下降再增加,且显著高于同年龄级的针叶林;常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林乔木层Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′随时间各异,但都极显著高于同年龄级针叶林的指数。常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林群落物种组成丰富、多样性指数高,是浙江省生态公益林的理想群落与目的群落。     

3种人工幼林的土壤微生物和酶活性研究

对常绿阔叶混交林地、常绿针阔混交林地和杉木林地这3种人工幼林的土壤微生物和酶活性进行了研究,结果表明：土壤细菌数量大小排序为常绿阔叶混交林地〉常绿针阔混交林地〉杉木林地,真菌数量为常绿阔叶混交林地〉杉木林地〉常绿针阔混交林地,放线菌数量为常绿针阔混交林地〉常绿阔叶混交林地〉杉木林地,表明常绿阔叶混交林的土壤有利于微生物的发育;脲酶活性为常绿阔叶混交林地〉常绿针阔混交林地和杉木林地,磷酸酶活性为常绿针阔混交林地〉杉木林地〉常绿阔叶混交林地,过氧化氢酶活性为常绿阔叶混交林地〉常绿针阔混交林地〉杉木林地,表明常绿阔叶混交林地能够供给土壤微生物较多的营养物质,从而提高了土壤酶的活性.     

次生幼龄林封山育林后乔木层物种结构变化研究

1999年在浙江省仙居县俞坑村的封山育林区设置20 m×20 m的固定样地2块,对连续5年的调查数据进行统计分析,以其对次生幼林乔木物种结构变化进行研究.分析结果,乔木层物种丰富度指数增加了7～11,乔木物种增加了2～5科,3～8属.自然恢复为以壳斗科、杉科、山茶科、樟科、胡桃科、安息香科等物种为建群种或共建种的次生常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林.     

天目山自然保护区典型森林植被乔木层生物量研究

对天目山自然保护区8种典型森林类型(杉木林、马尾松林、针阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林、毛竹林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、落叶阔叶林、落叶矮林)进行样地调查并计算了各个森林类型乔木层林分密度、物种种类、优势树种、生物量.结果表明,生物量大小顺序为常绿落叶混交林＞落叶阔叶林＞针阔混交林＞杉木林＞常绿阔叶林＞马尾松林＞毛竹林＞落叶矮林;在海拔1 000 m以下的5种森林类型,生物量变化不大;而在海拔1000m以上的3种森林类型,随海拔升高生物量下降,物种则增加.     

神仙居景区景观林改造技术探讨

通过对神仙居景区森林植被现状的调查，结合景区旅游观光的需要，模拟仙居县俞坑自然保护区次生常绿阔叶林的群落结构、树种组成、生活型组成类型进行景观林改造。采用渐伐针叶树、保留阔叶乔木树种、培育阔叶乔木树种萌蘖丛、保留有益灌木、林下补植和林间空地栽植常绿阔叶树、块状清理植被、块状整地造林、次生常绿阔叶林幼龄林的间伐抚育等营林技术措施，使原生植被得到有效的保存，促进植被演替过程，构建物种丰富、群落稳定、地域特色鲜明、景观优美的针阔混交林或常绿阔叶林。     

基于2017年森林资源连续清查样地的广东省典型植被型植物多样性研究

为了揭示广东7 种典型的植被型植物多样性的差异及其规律。从广东省森林资源连续清查固定样地中抽取267 个有林地的固定样地开展植物多样性调查调查，以Margalef 指数作为物种丰富度指标、以Shannon-Wiener 指数作为物种多样性指标、以Pielou 指数作为均匀度指标对每种植被型的乔木层、灌木层和草本层进行植物多样性评价。结果显示：乔木层的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数总体呈现出常绿阔叶林＞常绿落叶阔叶混交林＞暖性针阔混交林＞热性针阔混交林＞暖性针叶林＞热性针叶林＞阔叶林型（人工植被）；灌木层的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数总体表现为常绿落叶阔叶混交林＞热性针阔混交林＞暖性针叶林＞暖性针阔混交林＞常绿阔叶林＞阔叶林型（人工植被）＞热性针叶林；草本层的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数总体趋势为热性针阔混交林＞常绿落叶阔叶混交林＞阔叶林型（人工植被）＞热性针叶林＞常绿阔叶林＞暖性针叶林＞暖性针阔混交林。     

安徽省休宁县次生林物种多样性的研究

对安徽省休宁县次生林类型的组成、结构、外貌特征、物种多样性等进行了较系统的研究。结果表明 :1)休宁县以中、低山为主要地貌 ,属于比较典型的中亚热带气候 ,具有较高的物种多样性指数 ,其最丰富的地段分布在海拔 350～ 50 0m之间 ,Shannor -Wiener物种多样性指数为 3 5～ 4 5;2 )构成本县次生林建群种的主要科有壳斗科、山茶科和樟科 ;3)次生林类型与其所处的土壤环境有密切关系。常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、落叶常绿阔叶混交林所分布的土壤多为黄壤和黄红壤 ,物种多样性指数高。落叶阔叶林大多分布在黄棕壤上 ,其物种多样性指数低。     

中国最美森林 森林中国的美景大观

<正>中国分布着地球几乎所有的森林景观。从南到北,依次分布着热带雨林、热带季雨林、亚热带常绿阔叶林、亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林、暖温带落叶阔叶林、中温带针阔混交林、寒温带针叶林。中国山系耸峙,在较低的纬度地区还分布着一些亚高山针叶林、山地针阔混交林,甚至还有主要见于北极圈一带的苔原景观。     

冰雪灾害后的粤北森林大型土壤动物功能类群

对冰雪灾害后粤北地区的森林大型土壤动物功能群和生态特性进行初步调查,将研究区的大型土壤动物划分为腐食性、植食性和捕食性动物3个功能类群,其中腐食性动物的生物量占比例最大,而植食性动物的数量占优势,捕食性动物两者所占比例较小.土壤动物生物量最大的类群以寡毛纲蚯蚓为主,各样地土壤动物在土层中的垂直分布表现出明显表聚性特点,3个样地大型土壤动物群落DG指数由高到低依次为:中亚热带针阔混交林>中亚热带常绿阔叶林>常绿与落叶阔叶混交林;多样性指数(H)排序为中亚热带>常绿阔叶林常绿与落叶阔叶混交林>中亚热带针阔混交林;均匀度指数(E)为常绿与落叶混交林>中亚热带常绿阔叶林>中亚热带针阔混交林;Simpson优势度指数(C)由高到低依次为常绿与落叶混交林>中亚热带针阔混交林>中亚热带常绿阔叶林.不同采样深度对大型土壤动物生态指数和功能类群的影响均为显著(P<0.01).凋落物现存量与大型土壤动物群落生物量显著相关(P<0.05).     

深圳市主要植被群落类型划分及物种多样性研究

采用组间平均联结法对深圳市主要植被群落进行划分,并应用Gleason丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数对主要植被群落的物种多样性水平进行比较分析。结果表明:深圳市城市森林可以划分为5个群系组和31个群落类型;各群落类型的物种多样性均表现为灌木层>乔木层,常绿阔叶人工林的乔木层和灌木层的生物多样性指数均最低,常绿落叶阔叶人工林乔木层丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度指数均最高,常绿阔叶人工林的乔木层优势种比较明显。     

大小兴安岭过渡区阔叶红松林次生演替阶段群落多样性指数与环境因子关系

为揭示阔叶红松林次生演替阶段群落多样性状况,研究生物多样性指数与环境因子的关系,为该区植被保护、植被恢复提供理论支持。运用物多样性指数、典范对应分析和次生演替的空间序列代替时间序列方法,以大小兴安岭过渡区阔叶红松林不同演替阶段群落为研究对象,设置33个网格样地数据,记录每个样地的物种多度、盖度、频度及土壤环境数据,测定12个环境指标。结果表明：1原始阔叶红松林群落经过顺行演替向逆行演替发展,演替趋势为：原始阔叶红松林→天然次生阔叶林→天然次生针叶林→次生裸地;2保存较好的原始阔叶红松林物种多样性指数最高,物种最丰富,其次是天然次生阔叶林,物种多样性指数最低的是次生裸地,群落结构简单。3物种多样性指数与纬度、土壤含水率、土壤全氮含量相关性最大。     

湘中丘陵区3种林分林下植物多样性与土壤特性研究

在湘中丘陵区选取针叶林、针阔混交林和阔叶林为研究对象,研究三种林分林下植被多样性、土壤理化性质及其相关关系。结果表明:三种林分林下植物多样性总体表现为灌木层明显高于草本层,阔叶林、针阔混交林高于针叶林。土壤有机质、全N和全P含量基本表现为随土层加深而下降的规律。土壤含水率与各项多样性指标不相关,土壤容重、p H值与灌草层各多样性指数呈负相关关系,有机质、全N与灌木层均匀度指数呈负相关关系,有机质与草本层均匀度指数呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),全P、全K与灌木层多样性指数呈显著正相关关系(P0.05)。     

章古台固沙林几种更新造林模式的初步研究

在章古台樟子松固沙林采伐迹地上,按照不同沙丘部位,选择不同造林树种进行了杨树用材林模式、樟子松杨树针阔混交造林模式、阔叶树混交造林模式、乔灌混交造林模式、针针混交造林模式等5种更新模式造林,通过调查分析可知,樟子松混交林的生长量与生态效益显著高于樟子松纯林.在沙丘下部与丘间低地杨树的生长量明显高于樟子松.降低造林密度,...     

Structure changes and succession dynamic of the natural secondary forest after severe fire interference

The structure and dynamic succession law of natural secondary forest after severe fire interference in recent 20 years were studied by adopting the method of deducing time series from the spatial sequence of vegetation in Heihe region, Heilongjiang, China. Two typical and widely distributed forest types in the study area, namely forest type A and forest type B, were selected as study subjects. Forest type A is pure broadleaf forest or broadleaf mixed forest mainly composing of superior Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana in the area with gradient <25°, while forest type B is pure forest or mixed forest composing of superior Quercus mongolica and Betula davurica in the area with gradient >25°. Species richness, vegetation coverage, important value, and similarity index of community in different layers (Herb, shrub, small tree, and arbor layers) were investigated and analyzed for the two typical forests. The results show that after fire interference, the species richness and coverage in each layer in forest type A were higher than that in forest type B. Both for forest type A and B, with elapse of post-fire years, the species richness and coverage of herbs and shrubs showed a decline tendency, while those of arbor layer present a rising tendency. Through comparison of the important values of species in each layer and analysis of community structure changes, the dynamic process of post-fire vegetation succession for forest type A and B was separately determined. Post-fire 80 years' succession tendency of forest type A is B. platyphylla and Larix gmelinii mixed forest. Its shrub layer is mainly composed of Corylus heterophylla and Vaccinium uliginosum, and herb layer is dominated by Carex tristachya, Athyrium multidentatum, and Pyrola incarnate; whereas, the post-fire 80 years' succession of forest type B is Q. mongolica and B. davurica mixed forest. Its shrub layer is mainly composed of lespedeza bicolar and corylus heterophylla and herb layer is dominated by Carex tristachya, Asparagus densiflorus, and Hemerocallis minor.     

浙西北天然次生林群落物种多样性研究

对浙西北地区天然次生林群落植物物种多样性特征进行了研究,测定了群落植物生长型构成以及各层次植物物种的重要值,采用多种测度方法计算了群落各层次植物物种的丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数。结果表明：（1）浙西北地区天然次生林群落各层次优势种比较明显,乔木树种以青冈为主,灌木树种以柃木和檐木占优势,草本植物则以箬竹为主;（2）该地区天然次生林群落植物物种比较丰富,乔木树种种数最多,草本植物稀少;就各层次而言,草本层物种数最多,乔木层和灌木层比较接近,各层次的均匀度指数的趋势是灌木层最高,草本层最低,乔木层居中;以多种指标计算各层次物种多样性指数结果均显示,灌木层多样性指数最高,草本层最低,尽管草本层具有最高的丰富度;（3）封育时间长、人为干扰轻的地区具有较高的物种多样性指标以及数量指标,有利于生物多样性的保护。     

多伦县沙地云杉混交林物种多样性研究

以多伦县沙地云杉林3条样带的群落调查数据为基础,研究了沙地云杉混交林的物种组成结构,分析了3个典型群落乔木层、灌木层、草本层的物种多样性。结果表明:沙地云杉混交林植物种类丰富,乔木层、灌木层、草本层共有植物71种,群落垂直结构分层明显;多伦县沙地云杉与白桦混交林物种多样性较丰富,在群落梯度上,群落Ⅰ为52种,群落Ⅱ为45种,群落Ⅲ为47种,物种丰富度指数大小顺序为群落Ⅰ>群落Ⅲ>群落Ⅱ;群落的物种多样性指数变化规律大致相同,均为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;3个典型群落的物种均匀度指数变化规律基本一致,为乔木层最大,灌木层其次,草本层最小。通过对多伦县沙地云杉混交林物种多样性的研究,为加强沙地云杉生物多样性的保护和经营管理提供理论依据。     

响叶杨次生林树种多样性及生态位分析

以贵州省中部和东南部两地典型的响叶杨次生林样地为材料,对木本植物的多样性、生态位作了分析,结果表明:响叶杨次生林不同群落乔木层树种丰富度和多样性指数高度正相关,不同群落乔木层、灌木层的丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度指数差异分别达到显著或极显著;树种多样性受海拔、坡向、土壤性质影响,多样性与海拔呈负相关,南坡、硅铝质黄壤的多样性指数最大;响叶杨的生态位宽度最大,与林内其它树种的生态位重叠度相对较小,能与其它迹地先锋树种形成稳定的次生混交林群落.     

Changes in species composition and diversity in the restoration process of sub-alpine dark brown coniferous forests in western Sichuan Province, China

By adopting the concept of space as a substitute for time, we analyzed the dynamics of species composition and diversity of different restoration sequences (20, 30, 40, 50 years) in two secondary forest types in western Sichuan Province, distributed in a northerly or northwesterly direction. The analysis was based on the results of measurements of 50 plots located at elevations between 3100–3600 m. The forests originated from natural regeneration in combination with reforestation of spruce when the old-growth bamboo-dark brown coniferous forests and moss-dark brown coniferous old growth forests were harvested. Similar old-growth dark brown coniferous forests at ages ranging between 160 and 200 years were selected as the reference forests for comparisons. We recorded 167 species of vascular plants from 44 families and 117 genera. There was no significant difference in terms of the number of species among secondary forests. But the importance values of dominant species varied during the restoration processes. The dominant species in the secondary forests is Betula albo-sinensis, while Abies faxoniana is the dominant species in old-growth dark brown coniferous forests. Species richness increased significantly with restoration processes. It increased quickly in secondary forests during the period from 30 to 40 years, but decreased significantly in the old-growth dark brown coniferous forests. The species richness among growth forms decreased in the following order: herb layer > shrub layer > tree layer. The maximum value of the evenness index occurred in secondary forests at age 40 and remained relatively stable in the bamboo-birch forests, but the evenness index tended to decrease in moss-birch forests and slightly increased in the old-growth mossdark brown coniferous forests. There was a statistically significant difference in the eveness index between the tree and shrub layers as well as between the tree layer and the herb layer, but there was no significant difference between the shrub layer and the herb layer. The value of the Shannon index increased over restoration time. In bamboo-birch forests, the maximum value of the Shannon index was 3.80, recorded at age 50. In moss-birch forests, the maximal value was 3.65, reached in this forest at age 30. The value of the Shannon index of old-growth dark brown coniferous forests was recorded between younger secondary and older secondary forests. The value of the dominance index of communities varied. At the first stage of restoration, it increased, and at the end it was decreased. The dominance index of the tree layer had a similar trend as that of the community dominance index, but was more variable. The minimum value of the dominance index of the tree layer in the moss-birch forests reached 20 years earlier than that of the bamboo-birch forests. There was a significant difference among restoration sequences in the α diversity indices except for the dominance index. No significant differences between the two secondary forest types were detected. Over age, the value of the Bray-Curtis index between secondary forest and old-growth dark brown coniferous forest increased. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(5): 17–23 [译自: 林业科学]     

古交市植被类型与生物多样性分析

运用GPS辅助技术,以实地采样调查为主,对调查的样方资料进行统计分析,根据优势度原则对古交市的植被类型进行了分类。分类结果表明,古交市物种丰富,其植被类型可以分为5类,即针叶林、阔叶林、针阔混交林、灌丛、荒草丛。应用Margalef丰富度指数(R)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H')、Simpson指数(D)、群落均匀度指数(JH)和(JD)对古交市内5种植被类型的物种多样性进行研究。结果表明,乔木层中以针阔混交林的生物多样性最高,灌木层以荒草丛生物多样性最高,草本层灌丛的生物多样性最高,不同森林类型的生物多样性也不同。