降雨强度对三峡库区坡耕地土壤氮、磷流失主要形态的影响

揭示紫色土坡耕地在不同降雨条件下对土壤养分流失及其环境效益的影响,对于保护三峡库区水环境具有重要意义。通过径流场试验分析2010年5月1日-7月10日6次降雨过程中紫色土坡耕地的氮、磷流失特征。结果表明:大雨时产生的径流量分别为中雨和小雨时的2.34,7.59倍,同时大雨产生的径流中TN、TP含量高于小雨和中雨时,大雨导致的氮、磷流失远远超过中雨与小雨。大雨时产生的累积泥沙量分别是中雨和小雨的8.34,111.38倍。紫色土坡耕地径流中TN、TP的主要形式是有泥沙携带的颗粒态氮、磷,降雨量越大,颗粒态氮、磷的比例越高。中雨产生的径流中颗粒态氮占TN的74.9%～75.9%,大雨产生的径流中颗粒态氮占TN的比例更高,达到85.0%～92.6%。颗粒态磷是径流中磷的主要形态,大雨、中雨、小雨产生的径流中颗粒态磷占TP的比例分别为96.6%～97.7%,93.9%～96.2%,90.5%～94.4%。紫色土坡耕地氮、磷流失主要是以泥沙为载体,这在降雨量较大时表现得尤为明显。控制坡耕地氮、磷流失应着重考虑控制降雨量较大时的氮、磷流失。     

喀斯特裸坡地径流对降雨强度与坡度的响应

为探究喀斯特裸坡坡面在不同降雨强度与坡度组合下径流过程及其径流总量特征。将表层岩溶带中孔(裂)隙视为可透水的"筛孔",设定地下"二元"结构中孔(裂)隙度(5%)一致的情况下,探索裸坡地在不同降雨强度与坡度组合下地表/地下径流过程与总径流量的特征,并以此为基础揭示降雨强度、坡度对喀斯特坡面水文特征的影响。结果表明:(1)在较小降雨强度条件下(≤30 mm/h),裸坡地表并未出现产流迹象,以地下所产生的径流为主。在中大雨强(≥50 mm/h)条件下,裸坡地地表产流,且在设计降雨30 min时长内其径流过程并未出现规律性变化,而地下径流过程则在不同坡度与雨强下均呈现出先增加后趋于平缓的趋势,且其转折点多居于9～12 min时段内。(2)30 min内裸坡地地下总径流量在15 mm/h降雨强度且坡度为5°,10°,15°,20°这4个坡度条件下变化并不显著(P0.05),而其余降雨强度下地下/地表径流量均随着坡度增加差异显著(P0.05);同时除地下径流量与坡度呈极显著负相关(P0.01)外,其余地表/地下径流均与降雨强度与坡度均呈现出极显著正相关(P0.01);(3)降雨强度为大雨强(90 mm/h)条件下首次出现了地下径流系数0.5的情况,证明大雨强(90 mm/h)条件下存在着临界坡度使得地表与地下径流量相接近。研究成果能够为喀斯特坡地水土流失防治提供参考和合理意见。     

滇中高原山地人工群落径流规律的研究

基于连续 3年的观测 ,研究了华山松人工群落的径流特征 ,分析结果表明 :区域降水量的季节分配不均 ,湿季 (6～ 10月 )降水量占全年的 80 % ,降水量主要由大于 10 mm以上的降雨带来 ,且降雨强度大部分小于 5 .0mm/ h;径流量月变化趋势与降雨量相似 ,具有较好的相关性 ;一次性降雨对地表径流的影响显著 (R =0 .91) ,一次性“最大可能”地表径流产流的降雨临界值为 2 2 .3mm。地表径流与地下径流分别占总径流量的 0 .5 8%和99.42 % ,林地具有显著的涵养水源作用。     

四川盆地紫色土N,P损失载体及其影响因子

农业面源污染对环境的压力越来越大,已引起国内外广泛重视。利用人工降雨装置模拟3种不同强度的降雨,采用模拟径流小区研究了雨强及耕作措施对紫色土N,P损失量及载体的影响。结果表明:在耕作方式相同时,雨强越大,地表径流量越大,地下径流量减少,总径流量增加,不利于土壤保蓄雨水和含水量的提高。在相同雨强条件下,平作的地表径流量最大,土壤侵蚀也最剧烈。横坡垄作在中小雨强条件下控制地表径流和侵蚀的效果非常明显,但在大雨强条件下,控制径流和泥沙的效果减弱;横坡垄作有增加地下径流和N流失量的趋势。在本试验条件下,有约1%的化肥N(速效N)被雨水淋洗出土体并排放到环境中;而速效P的流失量只占化肥P的3/10000~10/10000,流失量很微小。紫色土坡耕地P流失载体是泥沙,流失量更易受雨强的影响,要控制P流失,首先应防止土壤侵蚀;横坡垄作能有效控制土壤侵蚀,因此,也能较好控制P流失。紫色土坡耕地N流失载体在雨强较小时是径流,径流中又以壤中流为主,要控制N流失,首先必须控制壤中流;传统横坡垄作会加大壤中流量,也就加大了N流失。全面控制紫色土的N,P损失,必须采用控蚀耕作、增厚土层、提升土壤有机质等措施。     

黑土区农地集水区次降雨径流与输沙特征研究

水力侵蚀是诱发黑土区侵蚀发生发展的首要因素,研究次降雨条件下产流、产沙特征对水力侵蚀的防控具有重要意义。本文通过野外实地监测,分析农地集水区次降雨径流与输沙特征。结果表明:观测期内,有径流记录的降雨事件为12次,降雨等级主要为中雨、大雨和暴雨。初始产流时间随降雨等级表现不同,中雨时初始产流时间大多出现在降雨后期,而大雨和暴雨时,初始产流时间大多出现在降雨过程中的初始期和中期。不同降雨等级下累积径流深、径流系数和累积输沙量表现不同,累积径流深和径流系数表现为:大雨暴雨中雨,累积输沙量表现为:大雨中雨暴雨。集水区内大部分泥沙由6场降雨事件产生,对总径流量和总输沙量的贡献分别为90. 6%和87. 0%。基于12次有径流的降雨事件,不同降雨等级对径流的贡献表现为:大雨暴雨中雨,对输沙量的贡献表现为:大雨中雨暴雨。偏最小二乘回归分析显示,径流相关变量最大径流率Q_(max)是对总径流量和总输沙量贡献最大的因子,变量权重系数VIP值分别达1. 490和1. 629。     

红壤有机碳流失特征及其与泥沙径流流失量的定量关系

通过野外微型径流小区模拟降雨试验,对坡面小区尺度水力侵蚀过程中物理运移土壤有机碳的规律进行研究。结果表明:2 m×5 m径流小区持续降雨30 min后,大雨强(1.64 mm min-1)和小雨强(0.58 mm min-1)降雨条件下泥沙携带流失的有机碳总量分别为56.09 g和3.18 g,溶解于径流流失的有机碳总量分别为13.55 g和2.81 g。降雨强度和持续时间对有机碳流失的过程特征有显著影响。降雨强度越大,泥沙携带及溶解于径流的有机碳流失速率和总量也越大。大雨强泥沙有机碳富集比在产流发生后的18min内大于1,随后降至1以下。小雨强泥沙有机碳富集比始终小于1。大雨强径流有机碳浓度与径流量呈立方关系,小雨强有机碳流失量随径流量增加呈线性递增趋势;大雨强泥沙有机碳含量与泥沙量之间具有明显的立方关系。     

岩层倾向对喀斯特槽谷区地表/地下产流过程的影响

喀斯特槽谷区在降雨过程中极易发生水土流失,这使得该区生态环境被破坏。以喀斯特槽谷区为研究对象,通过室内模拟其典型顺/逆层坡面特征及地下孔裂隙发育程度,利用人工降雨试验研究不同雨强条件下地表地下产流特征,从而揭示喀斯特槽谷区地表地下产流机制。结果表明:(1)喀斯特槽谷区地表地下产流受雨强影响,小雨强(30 mm/h)条件下地下产流量大于地表产流量,中雨强(60 mm/h)条件下地表产流量增大且裸坡条件下地表产流量大于地下产流量,大雨强(90 mm/h)条件下裸坡与顺层坡的地表产流量均大于地下产流量。(2)地下孔裂隙发育程度对地表地下产流量的分配比例产生影响,地下孔裂隙度越大则地下产流量越多,且2%～3%的地下孔裂隙度时地表地下产流量分配比例发生转变。(3)不同岩层倾向条件下,地表产流量及其分配比例最高为裸坡,最低为逆层坡,地下产流量及其分配比例最高为逆层坡,最低为裸坡。(4)不同岩层倾角条件下,顺层坡地表产流量最高为30°,最低为90°,地下产流量则相反;逆层坡地表产流量最高为90°,最低为60°,地下产流量最高为60°,最低为90°。研究结果可为喀斯特槽谷区地表及地下产流机制的进一步认识提供科学依据。     

工程堆积体入渗特性及持水能力对降雨条件的响应

为探讨降雨对工程堆积体入渗特性及持水能力的影响,采用室内土壤基本物理性质分析及野外双环入渗方法,对不同降雨条件下工程堆积体入渗特性及持水能力的变化及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:工程堆积体土壤基本物理性质在不同降雨条件和坡位有较大差异,不同降雨条件下工程堆积体坡下的土壤容重大小表现为干旱(Ⅰ)小雨(Ⅱ)中雨(Ⅲ)大雨(Ⅳ);不同坡位工程堆积体的总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度大小表现为坡下坡中坡上。不同降雨条件下,初始入渗速率大小表现为干旱(Ⅰ)小雨(Ⅱ)大雨(Ⅳ)中雨(Ⅲ),其大小依次为8.91,5.52,3.96,3.25mm/min;稳定入渗率大小表现为干旱(Ⅰ)中雨(Ⅲ)小雨(Ⅱ)大雨(Ⅳ),其大小依次为4.40,1.45,1.32,0.53mm/min。不同降雨条件下工程堆积体坡下的最大有效库容大小表现为大雨(Ⅳ)小雨(Ⅱ)干旱(Ⅰ)中雨(Ⅲ),其大小依次为469.03,402.48,378.11,321.88t/hm2,中雨(Ⅲ)条件下工程堆积体在各坡位的田间持水量最大。工程堆积体的持水能力与总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、入渗性能呈显著正相关关系,而与容重呈显著负相关关系。研究结果可为工程堆积体边坡水土流失防治提供重要科学依据。     

喀斯特典型坡耕地模拟降雨条件下的土壤侵蚀响应

为了定量研究不同降雨强度、坡度和孔(裂)隙度条件下坡耕地土壤侵蚀响应和空间分布特征,采用人工模拟降雨试验,通过模拟喀斯特典型坡耕地耕作层和微地貌特征以及孔裂隙构造特征,研究土壤侵蚀响应和空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)15,30mm/h降雨强度时地表不产流,水土流失形式为地下漏失;50mm/h降雨强度时地表产流产沙,水土流失也以地下漏失为主,地下径流出现最大值。50mm/h以上降雨强度时,土壤侵蚀逐渐向地表侵蚀转变,地表、地下径流泥沙分配呈负相关;(2)在一定条件下,坡度增大,地表径流泥沙量增加,地下径流量减小,当坡度在10°~15°时地表径流泥沙量急剧增加,25°时坡面产流产沙量达到最大值,其中20°坡面径流泥沙与25°接近;地下泥沙与坡度、孔(裂)隙度间变化规律不明显。(3)径流空间分配特征以地下径流为主,其中90 mm/h降雨强度以地表侵蚀为主。(4)降雨强度、坡度和孔(裂)隙度等因子对地表径流及地下径流的影响程度依次为降雨强度坡度孔(裂)隙度。总之,喀斯特坡耕地以地下漏失为主,地表产流之前随雨强增大而增大,地表径流产生后则反之,极端暴雨(90mm/h)下以地表侵蚀为主;降雨强度对水土流失影响程度最大,其次坡度,再次孔(裂)隙度。     

降雨类型对北方土石山区坡面土壤侵蚀的影响

该文基于北京市房山区蒲洼径流小区2013-2015年观测的105场自然降雨,采用实测水文数据与WEPP模型模拟降雨侵蚀过程相结合的方法,对比了北方土石山区不同雨型下的坡面土壤侵蚀差异。结果表明:1)自然降雨中,单场降雨的侵蚀能力表现为B型雨(低频率、短历时、中雨量、大雨强)A型雨(中频率、长历时、大雨量、中雨强)C型雨(高频率、中历时、小雨量、小雨强),其中,侵蚀性降雨中A型雨降雨频率最高、对研究区土壤侵蚀的累计贡献率最大;而C型雨几乎不会引发土壤侵蚀。2)诱发北方土石山区棕壤坡面土壤侵蚀的临界雨量为8 mm、临界雨强为9.5 mm/h。3)利用WEPP模型通过设置最大30 min雨强I30出现的不同时间将3类雨型进一步划分为4个子雨型,结果表明同一雨强出现的降雨时序差异会影响土壤侵蚀的发生程度,且子雨型下土壤侵蚀量整体表现为递增型峰值型递减型均值型,其中A型雨4个子雨型下侵蚀量差异最显著。研究结果可为北方土石山区棕壤坡面土壤侵蚀预报模型的建立及土壤侵蚀防治提供参考依据。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.