大豆多糖与常见稳定剂复配在酸乳饮料中的应用

采用水溶性大豆多糖（SSPS）作为酸性乳饮料新型稳定剂,对常用稳定剂果胶、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、阿拉伯胶与SSPS复配在酸乳饮料中的应用进行了研究。为得到一种口感清爽且稳定性较好的稳定剂配方,对复配稳定剂的流变性,酸乳饮料的沉淀率,以及色泽、风味、形态等感官进行测定。结果得到两组理想的稳定剂配方为SSPS 0．35％,果胶0．05％和SSPS0．35％,CMC0．05％。     

果汁乳饮料中稳定剂三元复配剂最佳配比的筛选

在以橙汁和牛乳为主要原料,配以各种辅料及添加剂配制成果汁乳饮料中,添加微晶纤维索作为主要稳定剂并复配其它常用稳定剂,使饮料维持在均匀的稳定状态,因此具有较长的保质期.通过沉淀率及吸光度等指标确定了添加0.75%稳定剂时的最佳配比为微晶纤维素:果胶:大豆多糖为50:20:30.此条件下所配饮料稳定效果最好,粘度较低,可使饮料品质达到最优.     

豆浆对核桃饮料稳定性及营养价值的研究

以核桃浆和豆浆为原料,不添加其他稳定剂制作饮料,研究了该饮料的稳定性及蛋白营养价值。结果表明:与核桃浆相比,核桃浆豆浆饮料的离心沉淀率和油脂上浮率至少分别下降了63.84%和59.02%,且粒径分布从10～100μm减至1～10μm,饮料中无絮状物质生成,保持稳定状态;随着饮料中豆浆比例的增加,饮料稳定性增加;当核豆比例为1∶2(总蛋白含量1.6%)时,核桃蛋白溶解率最高可达87.99%,稳定性最好,此后,豆浆比例继续增加对稳定性影响不大。饮料的蛋白营养价值通过氨基酸组成反映,结果表明豆浆可有效补充核桃浆中的赖氨酸,当豆浆比例超过50%时,饮料赖氨酸含量满足氨基酸参考模式,符合蛋白营养需求。     

发酵豆乳饮料的研究制

发酵豆乳饮料是豆乳经乳酸菌发酵,配以辅料（蔗糖、稳定剂、酸味剂、无菌水）调配而成的乳酸菌饮料。为了探索乳酸菌发酵豆乳的最佳条件,进行了Ｌ９（３＾４）正交试验,确定豆固形物浓度为７％,蔗糖添加量为９％,混合菌种比例Ｌ／ｓｔｒ为１：３,发酵温度为３７℃,在接种量为５％,发酵时间１４ｈ条件下,乳酸菌生殖生长最好。发酵豆乳经辅料调配,确定最佳配比。产品口感细腻,酸甜可口,风味独特,是营养保健型发酵饮料。     

可溶性大豆多糖添加工艺对酸性大豆蛋白饮料稳定性的影响

以可溶性大豆多糖(SSPS)作为稳定剂,研究了大豆多糖添加工艺对酸性大豆蛋白饮料稳定性的影响.单因素试验结果表明:可溶性大豆多糖添加量、pH、调酸温度和均质压力对成品沉淀率有明显的影响.在单因素试验基础上设计L9(34)正交试验确定最佳工艺条件为:可溶性大豆多糖添加量0.25％,pH3.8,均质压力20 MPa,调酸温度10℃.按照此条件生产的大豆蛋白饮料,稳定性明显提高,沉淀率为1.41％,且饮料颜色乳白均一,酸甜适宜,清爽可口,没有豆腥味.     

沿淮晚稻区优化施肥对粳糯生长和产量的影响

研究结果表明,农民习惯施肥方式导致肥料对水稻产量贡献率低的原因在于氮磷钾配比不合理,施氮肥集中在水稻生育前期,与水稻对养分的生理需要不一致。从本试验看,粳糯皖稻68在肥力水平中等的水稻田,以施氮量300kg／hm^2（基肥：蘖肥：穗肥为35：20：45）,N、P、K比例为1：0．30：0．40时产量最高,达9586．5kg／hm^2,比不施肥对照增产35．91％,比习惯施肥增产11．82％,肥料贡献率达到26．42％,对土壤的依存率明显下降。     

水溶性大豆多糖提取工艺对酸性乳稳定性的影响

水溶性大豆多糖可以在酸性条件下低卡占度的稳定蛋白质,表现出优越的稳定性.以酸性乳沉淀率为指标对豆渣中水溶性大豆多糖的提取工艺进行了优化以促进其深入开发.单因素试验表明,pH、温度和提取时间对大豆多糖得率及含量、蛋白含量和酸乳沉淀率有显著影响.在单因素试验基础上设计L9 (34)正交试验,结果表明影响大豆多糖中多糖含量、蛋白含量和酸乳沉淀率的各因素的顺序为pH＞提取温度＞提取时间;最佳水平组合为pH3.5、温度125℃、时间90 min.该工艺条件下,水溶性大豆多糖的多糖含量为65.05％,蛋白含量为3.69％,酸乳饮料的沉淀率为0.72％.     

追氮对饲用青莜麦生物产量及秸秆蛋白质含量的影响

为给冀西北高原饲用青莜麦高产栽培提供科学依据，研究了追氮对青莜麦生物产量和秸秆蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明，追氮可显著提高青莜麦生物产量和秸秆的蛋白质含量。沙地追氮69kg／hm^2时增产显著，青莜麦生物产量达6023．4kg／hm^2；此水平下，滩地青莜麦的生物产量最高，生物产量达9013．4k／hm^2。追氮69kg／hm^2时，沙地青莜麦秸秆中粗蛋白和真蛋白含量分别为12．09％和7．45％，比对照提高了6．81和3．61个百分点，追氮量每增加69kg／hm^2，青莜麦秸秆中粗蛋白质和真蛋白的增幅均显著下降趋势。追氮对滩地青莜麦秸秆中蛋白质含量的影响相对较小。滩地追氮69kg／hm^2时，青莜麦秸秆中粗蛋白和真蛋白含量分别达10．34％和5．75％，分别比对照增加1．89和0．27个百分点。     

不同肥料种类配比控制烟叶中镉含量的研究

通过盆栽试验，以湖南比较常见的云烟87和K326两个烟草品种为研究对象，施用7种不同的配比肥料。结果表明：不同的施肥方案对烟叶吸收镉的影响程度不同，施用碱性肥料能明显降低酸性土壤中烟叶镉含量的20％～45％。     

秋水仙素处理对黑麦根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响

为了解秋水仙素对黑麦根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响，以黑麦根尖为材料，在不同浓度秋水仙素（0．01％、0．05％、0．10％、0．15％、0．20％）和不同处理时间（12、24、36、48、60、72h）条件下测定了根尖细胞中期分裂指数和细胞加倍指数。结果表明，随着秋水仙素浓度的升高，细胞加倍指数增加，当秋水仙素浓度为0．15％时细胞加倍指数达到最大值（0．0362％），以后迅速下降。随着处理时间的延长，中期分裂指数逐渐下降，而细胞加倍指数在处理36h时达到最大值（0．0208％）。在浓度与时间的互作方面，0．15％的秋水仙素处理24h，细胞的中期分裂指数最高，达到0．202％；而0．15％的秋水仙素处理36h，细胞加倍指数最高，达到0．096％。     

Effects of homogenization pressure and stabilizers on some physical characteristics of a beverage prepared from partially defatted, roasted peanuts

A low-fat beverage with roasted peanut flavor was developed from peanuts. The potential milk substitute contained 11.8% total solids, 2.0% fat and 3.7% protein, and was whitish orange-yellow in color. The effects of stabilizing additives and homogenization pressure (13.8×10⁶ Pa or 41.4×10⁶ Pa) on selected physical characteristics were determined. Suspension stability was improved by addition of carrageenan [Benlacta CM61-B (CM), 0.02–0.04%] or a hydrogenated mono- and diglyceride [Emuldan HV52K (HV, 0.2–0.4%)]. Homogenizing at 41.4×10⁶ Pa increased viscosity of all samples except that of the controls but did not improve the suspension stability (top:bottom solids) of the beverage. The most viscous formulations (17.5±0.95 cps) were those containing 0.04% CM. Treatments yielding the best combination, compared to cow's milk values, of high suspension stability (0.5±0.03, where 1.0=maximum stability) and low viscosity (3.7±0.89 cps) were those containing 0.2% HV which were homogenized at 13.8×10⁶ Pa.     

龙眼枸杞糙米（发芽）复合饮料发酵期间品质变化规律研究

本研究分析了龙眼干、枸杞和发芽糙米复合饮料采用酵母和醋杆菌进行连续发酵过程中其酒精度、pH、可滴 定酸、总糖、多糖、总酚和氨基酸态氮等品质指标的变化规律。结果表明,在酵母发酵期间,发酵 24 h 后复合饮料的 酒精度趋于稳定,残留的总糖为 1.40 g/L,多糖含量呈上升的趋势,总酚含量呈下降的趋势,氨基酸态氮总体上呈下降 的趋势。醋酸菌发酵期间,接种醋酸菌前热杀菌处理组和未热杀菌组的复合饮料中酒精度差别不大（p>0.05）,未热杀 菌处理组在发酵期间复合饮料中可滴定酸含量、总糖含量、多糖含量和氨基酸态氮的含量均比热杀菌组的复合饮料中 的含量高,但热杀菌组的复合饮料中总酚含量总体大于未热杀菌组的复合饮料中的总酚含量。     

Effects of initial air removal methods on microorganisms and characteristics of fermented plant beverages

The effects of 3 different methods for removing the initial air on the properties of fermented plant beverages produced from phom-nang seaweed (Gracilaria fisheri) and wild forest noni (Morinda coreia Ham.) were investigated. Only method M which covered the space above the fermentation liquid with a water filled plastic bag produced no surface film of yeast, had the highest acidity and also antibacterial activity from both plants after 90 days of fermentation. However, the yeast count still exceeded the standard guidelines for plant beverages. The fermented beverage from wild forest noni showed more antibacterial activity against 3 of 4 pathogenic bacteria tested than that from the phomnang seaweed, probably for its higher levels of acidity and ethanol content. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolated from the fermentation samples from days 1-5 using the method M from both fermented plant beverages were Leuconostoc mesenteroides supsp. mesenteroides and Leu. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum while presence of Lactobacilus plantarum was only recorded at days 4-5 in the wild forest noni beverage. From days 6-14 the isolates were Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus brevis from wild forest noni beverage, whereas only L. brevis was not detected in the seaweed beverage. During days 21-45 both beverages had a similar LAB population of L. plantarum and L. brevis while L. coryniformis was only found in the wild forest noni beverage. Between days 60-90 in both plant beverages only L. plantarum and Lactobacillius sp. were detected.     

竹荪大豆酸乳饮料的生产工艺研究

以竹荪、大豆为原料,进行乳酸发酵,并添加果汁、柠檬酸等调配,得出最佳工艺参数,结果表明:脱脂奶粉与竹荪浸提液的配比为1:2,脱脂奶粉、竹荪浸提液和豆乳混合后的固形物含量为12%,蔗糖添加量10%,复合稳定剂0.20%,CMC0.10%,PGA0.04%,发酵剂用量2%,果汁添加量10%,最后添加100 g～150 g柠檬酸,可制成口感爽快、柔和,有独特的菇香、豆香、奶香和天然果汁香味,兼具营养和保健功能的竹荪大豆酸乳饮料.     

低蛋白天然胶乳的制备及其性能研究

应用2709碱性蛋白酶与稳定体系并用脱除天然胶乳（NRL）蛋白质的生物化学方法,采用多变元析因设计安排试验,研究了低蛋白天然胶乳（LPNRL）的稳定体系、酶的用量及制备条件、LPNRL的贮存及应用性能。研究结果表明:（1）2709碱性蛋白酶与稳定体系并用对鲜胶乳的脱蛋白效果较好;（2）所制备的LPNRL的氮含量为0.06％～0.07％,水溶性蛋白质（WSP）含量为1.8μg/g胶膜,达到国际上同类型产品的先进水平;（3）与正常NRL相比,LPNRL的硫化速率稍慢,但其硫化胶乳的贮存性能稳定,成膜性能良好;其干胶膜的物理性能稍低,但差别不大。      

Chemical, Sensorial and Rheological Properties of a New Organic Rice Bran Beverage

Rice bran is a solid residue from rice polishing that is used in animal nutrition and rice oil production. Cultivation conditions with agro-toxics, lipids instability, and tendency for mycotoxin contamination restrict its application in human nutrition. Therefore, organic agriculture is an alternative to use the properties of rice bran. Rice bran beverage is a new cereal product from organic rice. This work presents the preliminary results of the chemical and rheological studies of a bath pasteurized rice bran beverage. Compared with integral defatted milk, soy extracts, and brown rice low-fat milk, the rice bran beverage studied in this work presents itself as an important source of minerals and unsaturated lipids. All essential amino acids were found in this product. Glutamic and aspartic acids were predominant. Bath pasteurization at boiling water temperature for 15 and 30 min was adequate for microbiological safety. Refrigeration storage for 20 days, evaluated by pH and acidity variations, was ideal for assessment of the beverage conservation time. The beverage viscosity was of the Newtonian standard behavior, and its viscosity during storage was not a good parameter to evaluate shelf life. Sensory preference tests showed positive perspectives for this new beverage.     

基于模糊数学法复合茯砖茶饮料配方优化及其香气品质分析

在单因素试验考察各原料添加比例对茶饮料感官得分的影响基础上,利用Design Expert(V.10.0.4)软件最优混料设计方法,采用模糊数学法对复合茯砖茶茶饮料的色泽、香气和口感进行感官评分,优化复合茶饮料的配方。结果表明,利用软件的优化功能和验证试验得出最佳配方为:茯砖茶40.2%、龙眼干36.2%、灵芝粉15.6%、茯苓粉8%,感官评分可以达到9.21,香味协调,口感细腻,甜度适中,无苦涩感;利用固相微萃取法GC-MS分析茶饮料中的挥发性成分有47种,主要由烯烃类、烷烃类、酚类、醛类、酯类、酮类、醇类化合物组成,呈现出茶饮料浓郁的“菌花香”并伴有花果香和甜香。本试验说明通过模糊数学结合D-最优混料设计法得到的茶饮料最佳配方稳定可靠,可为开发其他茶饮料或新型食品提供理论依据。     

High Antioxidant Activity Mixture of Extruded Whole Quality Protein Maize and Common Bean Flours for Production of a Nutraceutical Beverage Elaborated with a Traditional Mexican Formulation

The objective of this study was to determine the best combination of extrusion process variables for the production of whole quality protein maize (EQPMF) and common bean (ECBF) flours to prepare a high antioxidant activity mixture (EQPMF + ECBF) suitable to produce a nutraceutical beverage with high acceptability elaborated with a traditional Mexican formulation. Processing conditions were obtained from a factorial combination of barrel temperature (BT?=?120–170 °C) and screw speed (SS?=?120–200 rpm). Response surface methodology was applied to obtain maximum values for antioxidant activity (A _ox A) of the flour mixture (EQPMF + ECBF) and acceptability (A) of the nutraceutical beverage. The best combinations of extrusion process variables for EQPMF and ECBF to prepare an optimized mixture (60%EQPMF?+?40%ECBF) were BT?=?98 °C/SS?=?218 rpm and BT?=?105 °C/SS?=?83 rpm, respectively. The optimized mixture had A _ox A?=?14,320 μmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/100 g sample dry weight (dw) and a calculated protein efficiency ratio (C-PER) of 2.17. A 200 ml portion of a beverage prepared with 25 g of the optimized flour mixture had A _ox A?=?3,222 μmol TE, and A?=?89 (level of satisfaction “I like it extremely”). This nutraceutical beverage could be used as an alternative to beverages with low nutritional/nutraceutical value, such as those prepared with water, simple sugars, artificial flavoring and colorants, which are widely offered in the market.     

海南槟榔提取物急性毒性研究及保健饮料开发

研究海南槟榔提取物的急性毒性及保健饮料的开发。一次性灌胃给予小鼠最大容积和最大混悬浓度的槟榔提取物,观察小鼠急性毒性反应,评价槟榔提取物的安全性;正交设计法优化得出槟榔提取物、白砂糖和柠檬酸的最佳配方;用不同用量的阿拉伯胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠作为稳定剂,评价最佳稳定剂。14 d内,小鼠外观、精神、行为无异常,槟榔提取物最大给药量为5.0 g/kg;槟榔饮料的最佳配方为槟榔提取物添加量0.2%,柠檬酸添加量0.05%,白砂糖添加量10%,槟榔饮料的最佳稳定剂为0.2%的阿拉伯胶。槟榔提取物安全性高,槟榔保健饮料具有槟榔的淡香味,适合大众口味。     

不同来源大豆品种籽粒品质的比较研究

以辽宁20年代、辽宁当代以及与辽宁近纬度的美国俄亥俄州当代育成的亚有限结荚习性大豆品种各4个为试材,研究了不同来源大豆品种籽粒品质的差异,以及不同磷酸二铵施肥水平对大豆籽粒品质的影响.结果表明:就试验采用的品种而言,俄亥俄州立大学更注重籽粒脂肪含量的改良,而且遗传获得较大,而辽宁省育成的新品种其脂肪含量也比老品种稍高一些,蛋白质含量则有所下降.就品种来说,老品种Mukden的品质最好,蛋脂总含量高达64.7%,辽宁新品种中辽豆12号最好,俄亥俄新品种中OhioFG1最好.蛋白质含量以Mukden含量最高,达44.85%,脂肪含量以Darby含量最高,为21.39%.与不施肥相比,150 kg/hm2、300 kg/hm2磷酸二铵施肥处理会使各品种的蛋白质含量得到提高,脂肪含量有所降低,从不同来源品种组平均值来看,施用磷酸二铵300 kg/hm2的处理,大豆籽粒的蛋白质含量高于150 kg/hm2处理,脂肪含量则与之相反.