浅谈绳索取芯钻进及其应用

绳索取芯钻进方法已经普及并已被广泛的应用于工程施工,特别是在水文工程地质勘察、地质勘探等多种采取岩心的钻进工程中,解决了工程设计中的很多难题。本文结合多年来在生产实践中的经验,论述了应用绳索取芯钻进方法的一点体会。     

浅析影响岩心采取率质量的因素

对影响岩心采取率进行了详细的分析,并提出了合理化的建议,对生产实践具有一定的指导作用。     

BWZ-250/50型泡沫水泵增压装置在煤田地质勘探中的应用

首次采用自行研制的配套泡沫灌注系统在福建东中煤矿进行了金刚石泡沫绳索取心钻探试验，该灌注系统设计孔深为1000m。通过对泡沫堵漏机理的分析说明了泡沫在漏失地层钻探中的可行性，对现场实例分析了试验中获得的钻进时效，从而探讨了影响压降的几个关键问题。基本摸索了煤田泡沫金刚石绳索取心钻进的基本钻进工艺参数。     

导向钻进铺设D300PVC管施工经验

以银河大街 D300PVC 管道穿街工程为案例,介绍并分析了导向钻进铺设 D300PVC管施工所需设备和技术。     

水平定向钻进铺管回拖阻力与孔／管比关系分析

利用已研究所得的理论模型和设计软件,针对具体工程实例,从理论上得出了孔／管直径比对镝管阻力影响的变化趋势,同时对比分析了在相同的铺管条件下不同直径管道的回拖阻力随孔／管直径比变化情况。     

绳索取心技术在钻探施工中的应用

本文介绍了绳索取心钻探工艺钻具的结构,钻进规程的各种具体参数,注述了绳索取心钻探技术的主要优越性及实际工作中的应用。     

导向钻头钻具结构与钻孔直径及孔底的关系分析

本文利用几何推导的方法得出水平定向钻进中导向钻头与钻孔孔径与孔底的关系，再用计算机模拟的方法验证结论。     

浅谈水井钻进方法与成井工艺

作者依据多年水文地质钻探工作的经验,阐明了在不同地质条件的情况下,所选用不同的钻进方法和成井工艺,对确保成井质量具有决定性作用。     

浅谈水域岩土工程勘察及钻探工艺

本文作者根据自己多年的工程实践总结出在不同水深，不同地层中如何采用水上钻探的一些方法及工艺。     

山野秋韵

在四季之中,我独爱秋。在夏日的千万推搡下,秋天像一位待阁出嫁的少女,正羞答答地走出闺房。阳光会依旧照在那把紫砂茶壶上,照在几串沿墙而挂的红辣椒上,依旧会钻进秋天的林子里又唱又跳,把树叶子染得红红黄黄。叶子们,这些森林里精巧密集的耳朵,任阳光轻咬着,还窃窃私语哩。     

坚持和完善森林资源管理制度 保障和促进林业持续快速发展

概要阐述了森林资源在维护生态平衡、促进可持续发展中的重要作用,简要分析了当今全球和我国森林资源状况,全面总结了建国以来我国森林资源管理取得的成绩和经验,深入揭示了当前我国森林资源及其保护管理存在的问题和原因,系统介绍了我国森林资源管理的基本政策和制度。按照《中共中央国务院关于加快林业发展的决定》要求,对今后一个时期我国森林资源管理的思路、目标、任务提出了一些设想和建议。     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

森林冠层结构与功能及其时空变化研究进展*

林冠是森林与外界环境相互作用最直接和最活跃的界面层 ,同时 ,它本身又承载了森林生物多样性的主体部分。森林冠层研究的方法和技术在近些年取得了长足发展 ,从而促进了有关林冠结构与功能的研究。这些研究深化了人们对于林冠结构与光能截获以及群落干物质积累之间关系的认识 ,同时 ,对于森林冠层的物质循环和能量传输以及冠层内各营养级之间相互关系动态也有了更为深入的理解。考察森林冠层的结构与功能及其时空变化是深入理解整个森林生态系统的格局、过程及其运作机制的重要基础。     

Short-term Effect of Thinning on Pinus sylvestris Damage and Sporulation Caused by Cronartium flaccidum

The short-term effect of thinning on cronartium rust on Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) was investigated in a stand of Scots pine (artificially seeded and in the pole-stage) severely infected by the stem-rust fungus Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein) G. Winter. The disease rate (the number of old and fresh infections) was recorded before thinning, after which all trees with a resin-top as well as all individual branches with sporulating lesions were removed from the thinned plots, while the comparison plots remained non-thinned. The numbers of sporulating lesions were recorded on the plots annually for 2-5 yrs after thinning. Thinning had no significant short-term effect on the year-to-year relative number of sporulating lesions. The relative number of sporulating lesions, however, increased in both thinned and nonthinned trees, varying significantly from year to year. Thinning had no significant effect on the year of formation of the shoot bearing annual sporulating lesions, the duration of sporulation or the growth of the fungus along the infected shoot in perennial lesions during the first 5 yrs after the treatment.     

Concentrations of Cadmium,Lead and Mercury in Different Soils in Two Swedish Forest Catchments

Accumulation of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg), as affected by organic matter content, pH of different soil compartments and the physicochemical properties of each metal, was studied in different soil types within two forested catchments of the Norway spruce (Picea abies - Vaccinium myrtillus) type. Independent of soil type, the highest metal concentrations were found in the organic layers of the soil, usually in the surface soil. The concentrations in the upper part of the mineral subsoil were about one-fifth to one-tenth, or less, of those in the organic surface soil. Concentration maxima in the B-horizon were more pronounced for Cd and Hg than for Pb. When comparing soil types, the highest concentrations of Cd were found in the less acidified fens in the discharge area, while for Hg and Pb the highest concentrations usually occurred in the mor layer of the well-drained Podzols. For all metals, the soil types with the largest accumulation had concentrations up to 2-3-fold higher in the organic layers than those with the smallest accumulation.     

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Ash and Larch in Mixture and Pure stands

IntroductionDuringthepasttwodecades,studieshaverevealedthatgrowingash(Fnainusmandshurica)andlarch(LarlksPP.)togetherinaproperwaycanincreasetheproduc-tivityQfthestandsI"'}'-'].Theyieldimprovementmechanismsattributetotwoaspects,i.e.,theabovegroundandundergr…     

用碘结晶法测量针叶树材的微纤丝角

采用碘溶液和氢氧化钠两种溶液的混合液处理针叶树材管胞弦壁切片，并用干燥法脱除切片胞壁水，对碘结晶法测量木材微纤丝角的方法进行改良．结果表明，切片的木素脱除干净彻底，次生壁微纤丝之间易形成空隙，有利于碘离子进入其中形成碘结晶，可清晰地观察到微纤丝的走向，有利于有效而准确地测量微纤丝角，与改良前进行比较，具有省时省力，节约经费的优点．     

Improvement of dispersing property of sodium sulfite-formal-dehydeanthraquinone pulping effluent by treatment withCoriolus versicolor

A strain of the fungusCoriolus versicolor was inoculated periodically into potato dextrose agar (PDA) slants containing the effluent to enhance the natural ability to grow in the effluent. The acclimated strain grown in the 50% effluent-containing PDA slant and the original strain were employed to treat the effluent. The acclimated strain could grow in a higher concentration of the effluent than the original unacclimated one. Both the original and acclimated strains improved the dispersing ability of the effluent, especially the acclimated strain because of its higher laccase secretion. The dispersing ability of the SFP effluent was improved to a level comparable to a commercial lignosulfonate product because it was strongly polymerized by the fungus. During the fungal treatment, more than 50% of the sugars were removed from the effluent, thereby increasing the purity of the SFP lignin product.This work was presented at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, April 3–5, 1998, Shizuoka, Japa     

Persistence of herbicides in forest nursery soils

The persistence of the four herbicides atrazine, hexazinone, lenacil and linuron was studied in forest nursery soils. The adsorption capacities of the soils for the chemicals were described by the distribution coefficients kj and k_oc. Due to the low content of organic matter in the soils the k_a‐values were low, in several cases being <1 for hexazinone. Hexazinone also had the lowest k _oc‐value (30) while the other substances had k_oc ‐values within the range 200–400. In some cases hexazinone showed great mobility under field conditions. The formula c=c_o‐kt^1/2 was used to describe the disappearance of the herbicides from the various soils. The rate of degradation of the four herbicides correlated well with the rate of respiration in the same soils in laboratory experiments, and for linuron reasonably well also in field experiments. In the field experiments the herbicides penetrated the top soil layer. In the subsoil the risk of further transport downward to the drainage system or ground water increased, especially for hexazinone. Linuron as well as the fungicides maneb and tolylfluanid suppressed the decomposition rate of hexazinone in laboratory experiments.     

浅议野生动物所有权

野生动物所有权是所有权的一种,它与其他所有权的区别在于客体的不同。文章阐述了野生动物的内涵,分析了野生动物的分类和野生动物与野生动物资源的区别。在明确野生动物含义的基础上,提出了野生动物所有权的概念,深入论述了野生动物所有权与野生动物资源所有权的差异和联系,并对野生动物所有权的主体、客体、内容进行了分析。