北京地区不同水分条件下菊苣光合与蒸腾特性研究

根据北京地区的气候特点设置水分充足、中度干旱和干旱三个处理,测定菊苣叶片光合和蒸腾速率的日变化规律和3个生育时期(莲座叶簇期、抽薹初期、现蕾期)的变化规律.结果表明,菊苣叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率都有双峰型日变化规律;土壤水分不足能明显降低菊苣叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率,加剧或提前菊苣"光午休"现象的发生;菊苣在抽薹初期对水分缺失反应较敏感;叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率存在弱的二次线性相关关系.     

北京地区不同水分条件下菊苣光合与蒸腾特性研究

根据北京地区的气候特点设置水分充足、中度干旱和干旱三个处理，测定菊苣叶片光合和蒸腾速率的日变化规律和3个生育时期(莲座叶簇期、抽薹初期、现蕾期)的变化规律。结果表明，菊苣叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率都有双峰型日变化规律；土壤水分不足能明显降低菊苣叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率，加剧或提前菊苣“光午休”现象的发生；菊苣在抽薹初期对水分缺失反应较敏感；叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率存在弱的二次线性相关关系。     

优质牧草——普那菊苣

普那菊苣是一种富含矿物质,消化率极高的多年生饲草. 生物学特性:菊科多年生草本植物,莲座叶丛型,主茎直立,莲座叶丛期株高80cm左右,抽茎开花期达170～200cm.基生叶片大,块状主根深而粗壮,抗旱、抗寒,耐盐碱,在含盐量0.2%的土壤上生长良好.     

藜水分与光合特性研究

以野生藜(Chenopodium album L.)为研究对象,在2010年6月至7月早8:00～晚20:00(晴天)测定其含水量、水势、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、大气温度(Ta)等指标.结果表明:藜同化枝含水量日变化出现两个低峰,且自由水含量相对较低,自由水/束缚水比值呈现出早晚高、午间低的现象;藜茎的水势日变化出现两个低峰,叶水势比茎小,呈单峰型,同化枝的水势为单峰型;藜蒸腾速率的日变化曲线呈M型,蒸腾速率在日变化中有"午休"现象;藜净光合速率的日变化曲线呈M型,净光合速率的日变化中有明显的"午休"现象.     

黄土高原地区紫花苜蓿不同叶位光合日变化特征研究

为了解紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)冠层同化能力的差异及影响因子,为其品种改良和田间管理提供依据,用LI-6400型便携式光合测定仪于2006年观测了不同叶位叶片光合作用日变化特征。结果表明:现蕾期苜蓿不同叶位叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)日变化均呈现"三峰"曲线,有明显的光合"午休"现象;不同叶位之间Pn存在极显著差异(P<0.01),高低表现为上位叶>中位叶>下位叶;且胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)存在显著差异(P<0.05),表现为下叶位>中位叶>上位叶,气孔限制值(Ls)与Ci表现出相反趋势,即上位叶>中位叶>下位叶,Tr差异不显著;根据Pn、Ci、Ls的变化方向,苜蓿上、中、下叶位光合速率的下降在光合有效辐射(PAR)达到全天最大值之前受气孔因素限制,之后受非气孔因素限制;苜蓿叶片的光合速率具有分层的特点:上层强光区为高光合速率层,下层弱光区为低光合速率维持层,中层为中光区,光合速率介于上层与下层之间。     

不同土壤水分条件下施氮水平对紫花苜蓿苗期光合作用的影响

通过盆栽半控制试验,采用两因素随机区组设计,研究了在3个土壤水分水平(分别为田间最大持水量的50%、70%、90%)下,4个施氮水平(0、90、180和270kg/hm2)对紫花苜蓿净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、表观量子效率(AQY)、羧化效率(CE)、光呼吸速率(Rp)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)的影响。结果表明,在土壤水分含量较低时(50%田间最大持水量),90kg/hm2施氮水平的叶片Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、AQY和CE均达到所有施氮水平的最大值;在土壤水分含量较高时(70%~90%田间最大持水量),180kg/hm2施氮水平可显著增大叶片的Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、AQY和CE。因此,在土壤水分含量较低时施氮90kg/hm2,较高时施氮180kg/hm2可在扩大气孔开放度,减少气孔阻力,改善叶片组织内CO2的供给状况,提高叶片光能和CO2的利用率,增强光合强度,促进苗期生长等各方面发挥最大的效应。     

采收后结果枝短截对‘夏黑’葡萄基部叶光合特性的影响

摘要：葡萄果实采摘后,树体主要靠叶片的光合作用来合成有机物,贮存营养。果实采收后结果枝短截,增加树体通风透光,促进基部叶片光合作用。本研究以‘夏黑’葡萄为研究材料,在葡萄采摘后,对一年生结果枝进行不同程度的短截,测定分析不同短截程度对葡萄结果枝基部叶净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度及蒸腾速率的影响。结果表明：与对照（CK）相比,不同的短截程度都明显提高了‘夏黑’葡萄基部叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）及蒸腾速率（Tr）,有利于基部叶片的光合积累,而胞间CO2浓度（Ci）有所降低。结论：短截对‘夏黑’葡萄基部叶片光合有明显的促进作用,留4片叶短截促进作用最为明显。     

LED光质促进“夏黑”葡萄生长

<正>据《果树学报》2015年第5期《LED光质对"夏黑"葡萄光合特性和生理指标的影响》(作者余阳等)报道,在遮光条件下,研究不同的LED光质对葡萄叶片光合特性和生理指标的影响。以嫁接的夏黑葡萄为试验材料,对葡萄叶片进行不同光质处理,测定分析了光质对葡萄叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO~2浓度、蒸腾速率、光合色素含量与酶活性的影响。结果发现,与对照相比,不同的LED光质均显著提高了夏黑葡萄叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)以及蒸腾速率(Tr),并且有利     

4个紫花苜蓿品种分枝期光合速率、蒸腾速率日变化及其影响因子分析

在自然条件下,利用CIRAS-Ⅱ型便携式光合仪对分枝期的阿尔冈金、WL323高品质、WL414、大富豪4个紫花苜蓿品种(3龄1茬)的叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)及相关的生理因子和生态因子的日变化进行测定,分析了4个紫花苜蓿品种的光合、蒸腾速率以及各影响因子对光合、蒸腾速率日变化的影响.结果表明,Pn、Tr及相关生理、生态因子的日变化趋势都呈单峰曲线或U型曲线,WL323高品质是高光合、高水分利用率和低蒸腾品种;4个苜蓿品种Pn的下降是由非气孔因素所致,Tr日变化与气温(Ta)、光合有效辐射(PAR)相关性最密切,且变化趋势一致;而Pn则主要受PAR和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)及气孔导度(Gs)的影响,其日变化趋势与PAR变化趋势相同,与Ci的变化趋势相反;生态因子PAR和Ta是4个紫花苜蓿品种Tr的主要决定因子,Ca是主要的限制因子,PAR是Pn的主要决定因子;生理因子Gs是Pn和Tr的主要决定因子,Ci是主要限制因子.     

种植密度对紫花苜蓿生物量与不同叶位光合特性的影响

以紫花苜蓿甘农3号为材料,研究5个种植密度(2 100、2 630、3 150、3 680、4 200万株/hm~2)对现蕾期紫花苜蓿生物量和上、中、下3部位叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明:随着种植密度的增加生物量呈现增加的趋势,在3 680万株/hm~2处理下达到最大;上、中、下部位叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量随着种植密度的增加均降低,但水分利用效率随着种植密度的增加而升高;种植密度对下部位叶片的蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、叶绿素含量影响大于中、上部位叶片;同一种植密度下,各部位叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量的大小顺序均为上部叶中部叶下部叶,胞间CO_2浓度、水分利用效率的大小顺序为下部叶中部叶上部叶。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.