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层积催芽对美国黑核桃种子发芽和苗木生长的影响 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
以低温贮藏 1a的美国黑核桃种子为试材 ,对层积处理与种子含水率、内源激素、种子萌发及其后苗木生长的关系进行了研究。黑核桃种子对层积时间要求较高。在低温层积过程中种子缓慢吸水 ,当达到饱和含水率时 ,开始萌动。层积前种子含水率愈高 ,达到饱和含水率所需的层积时间愈短。休眠的黑核桃种子GA3含量较低 ,ABA含量最高 ;随层积时间延长 ,GA3明显上升 ,ABA含量急剧下降到零 ;GA3/ABA比值 ,可能是控制黑核桃种子休眠和萌发的内部因子。层积催芽前最好的预处理方法是浸种 5~ 6d ,然后在 2~ 5℃层积催芽 12 0~ 15 0d ,田间发芽率可达 75 %。层积催芽前用吸湿法预处理虽然延缓了水分吸收 ,但并未起到提高发芽率的作用。低温层积催芽可促进黑核桃当年生苗木生长 ,层积时间愈长 ,苗木的平均长势愈强。 相似文献
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采取不同浸种方法、GA_3应用和层积催芽对比试验,对紫椴种子解除休眠方法进行研究。结果表明:温水(7d)+GA_3+室内(13~18℃,30d)+室外冷冻(60d)+窖藏(-2~2℃,60d)为最佳处理组合,发芽率和出苗率为84.7%和79.5%,出苗整而齐(25d全苗);苗木质量好,1a生平均苗高和平均地径分别为0.55m和0.56cm,主根长25.5cm,侧根25条。GA_3浸种对紫椴种子解除休眠具有促进作用,层积催芽室内高温+室外冷冻+低温窖藏效果最好,高低变温效果次之,低温窖藏效果再次,而室内高温效果最差。研究表明,紫椴为综合性休眠类型,采用浸种+GA_3+合理层积催芽,能有效解除种子休眠。 相似文献
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研究了紫椴种子快速催芽育苗方法,旨在掌握可靠的速效催芽技术,缩短层积时间。结果表明:采用种皮外处理加低温层积的复合措施,层积时间由150d减少到120d,催芽率达76%,比单纯层积处理提高催芽率18%。 相似文献
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Intact seeds from freshly harvested fruits of Myrica rubra (Sieb et Zucc.) were dormant and required 8 weeks of warm stratification followed by 12 weeks of cold stratification for germination. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) to intact fresh seeds was effective in breaking dormancy, with > 70% of seeds germinating when treated with 5.2 mM GA(3) and incubated at a day/night temperature of 30/20 degrees C for 20 weeks. Removing the hard endocarp or endocarp plus seed coat of fresh seeds promoted germination, and addition of GA(3) to the embryo accelerated germination. The gibberellins GA(1) and GA(4) were more effective than GA(3) in promoting germination of seeds with the endocarp removed. Endogenous contents of GA(1), GA(3), GA(4), GA(7) and GA(20) were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring in the endocarps, seed coats and embryos of fresh seeds treated with 5.2 mM GA(3). The content of GA(3) decreased in the endocarp during incubation, whereas GA(1) contents increased in the endocarp and seed coat. A high GA(1) content was detected in the endocarps and embryos of newly germinated seeds. We speculate that GA(3) was converted to GA(1) during incubation and that GA(1) is involved in seed germination. Endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) contents were measured in fresh seeds and in warm and cold stratified seeds. The ABA content in fresh seeds was distributed in the order endocarp > seed coat > embryo, with the content in the endocarp being about 132-fold higher than in the seed coat and embryo. Total ABA content of seeds subjected to warm or cold stratification, or both, was 8.7- to 14.0-fold lower than that of fresh seeds. Low contents of endogenous GA(1), GA(3), GA(7) and GA(20), but elevated contents of GA(4), were found in the seed coats and endocarps of warm plus cold stratified seeds and in the seed coats and embryos of newly germinated seeds. These observations, coupled with the finding that GA stimulated germination of dormant Myrica seeds, provide evidence that endogenous ABA inhibited release of dormancy and that endogenous gibberellins, especially GA(4) or GA(1), or both, are involved in germination. 相似文献
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通过不同试验材料、GA3应用和变温层积催芽对比试验,对刺楸种子解除休眠进行研究的结果表明:鲜种+GA3+(15℃,30 d;冷冻,90 d;-4~0℃,90 d)处理方法发芽率达到90.2%,出苗率达到81.5%;气干种温水(72 h)+GA3+(13~18℃,90 d;0~4℃,90 d)处理方法发芽率达到76.3%,出苗率达到66.4%。采用鲜种进行变温催芽处理对刺楸种子发芽率、出苗率和1年生苗木质量提高具有显著作用(p<0.01和p<0.05)。研究表明,刺楸种子属于形态-生理休眠类型,采用鲜种+GA3+变温层积催芽的综合处理方法能有效解除刺楸种子休眠。 相似文献
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为了确定不同浸种处理对柳叶沙棘种子萌发变异性影响,印度西部五个种源(Hanurnan Chatti,Helang,Lata,Rambara和Janggal Chatti)的成熟的柳叶沙棘种子分别浸在不同浓度的赤霉素(GA3,50、100、200mM)和硫代尿素(50、100、200mM))溶液中,进行冷层积(4℃)处理15,30和60天。结果表明:被预处理的种子萌发率比对照的提高24.66%~35.34%。经硫代尿素(100mM)和冷层积(4℃)处理30天的预处理后,种子萌发率最高,分别为63%~71%和76%~83%。赤霉素(GA3)可以明显缩短种子萌发率时间。鉴于考虑到实际操作和费用问题,经硫代尿素(100mM)和冷层积处理(4℃)是最好的组合处理之一,可促进柳叶沙棘种子繁殖,并可应用于印度西部的喜马拉雅地区的林木育种。 相似文献
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The germination of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) seeds wasexamined both in the laboratory and in the field during twoyears. Seeds were collected from a grove in a garden in the townof Drama, Northern Greece, by mid November in the first year andby late November in the second year. The seeds with and withoutpericarp were given a warm-moist (20 °C day/12 °C night) oncold-moist (4±1 °C) treatment in peat or sand. After treatment theseeds were placed in the germinator along with controls. Thegermination of seeds with and without pericarp was alsoinvestigated in the field (late fall sowing). It was found thatthe pericarp caused dormancy. In seeds without pericarp,cold-moist and warm-moist stratification both proved to besuccessful in breaking embryo dormancy (100% and 96% successrespectively). The required stratification duration was 50 daysfor the warm-moist and 60 days for the cold-moist treatments.During the cold-moist stratification no germination was observed.On the other hand, seeds started to germinate during thewarm-moist stratification by about the 50th day. In the fallsowing germination was 20% for seeds with pericarp and 41% for seeds without pericarp. Drying bay laurel seeds caused areduction of the seed germination. 相似文献
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4种槭树种子的休眠原因及催芽方法试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
乡土树种鸡爪槭、色木槭、元宝枫和美国红枫等4个树种的种子都具有显著的休眠特性。采用人工介入手段进行休眠原因和催芽技术试验研究,结果表明:这4种槭树种子的种皮含有的化学物质和机械性阻碍导致了槭树种子的休眠;采用层积处理和GA3赤霉素浸种,能明显缩短种子的休眠期;彻底解除供试种子的休眠方法就是延长浸种沙藏层积的时间。措施,对保证育苗生产,提高出苗率和出苗整齐度有一定的研究价值。文章从层积处理和赤霉素处理入手,研究不同条件下催芽处理的效果,以此解释休眠的原因。 相似文献