西洋参不同部位人参皂苷类成分研究

研究西洋参不同部位人参皂苷类成分的变化。采用超高效液相色谱法,测定西洋参不同部位人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rb3、Rd的含量。西洋参地上和地下部位皂苷组成不同,西洋参叶中人参皂苷Rb3含量较高,西洋参根中人参皂苷Rc主要集中于参皮。明确了西洋参不同部位皂苷组成差异,为西洋参资源的合理利用提供理论依据。     

蛹虫草固态发酵转化西洋参中人参皂苷的研究

研究蛹虫草发酵西洋参中人参皂苷转化规律。采用超高效液相色谱法,比较不同发酵时间西洋参中人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rg1,Rb2,Rb3,Rc ,Rd的含量;结果表明,蛹虫草菌种产生的酶系可使人参皂苷Rg1转化为Rd ,且专一性较好;此方法为人参皂苷Rd生物转化提供一种新途径。     

不同提取方法对人参皂苷收率的影响

通过对索氏提取法、超声波提取法、微波提取法3种不同方法提取人参皂苷,比较人参皂苷的收率。采用相同的提取试剂-甲醇,利用索氏提取法、超声波提取法、微波提取法提取人参皂苷;紫外可见-分光光度法测定人参皂苷含量,比较人参皂苷的收率。结果表明,3种提取方法,人参皂苷的收率分别为8.34%、9.36%、8.76%。超声提取法更适合应用于工厂化生产。     

生物胶缓释肥对洋兰试管苗生长量的影响

本文用生物胶作载体,加1250ppm、2500ppm、5000ppm营养液分别配制成生物胶缓释肥,分别施于洋兰试管苗的生长基质中,用叶面积模型Y=-0.32+0.87X(X=1.d)定期测算叶面积增量,以研究生物胶缓释肥对洋兰生长量的影响.运用模糊正交设计分析表明,在施肥方法、营养液浓度和施加次数3个试验因子中,施肥方式是影响生长的主要因子.与直接施加营养液的传统施肥方法相比,生物胶2号缓释肥能有效地促进洋兰试管苗的生长,其平均叶面积生长量提高2倍以上,且肥效持续时间长,成本低廉,具有较高的实用价值.     

紫科1号红豆杉生长量生物量和紫杉醇含量的相关研究

以紫科1号红豆杉为材料,对其不同年份的生长量、生物量和紫杉醇含量进行观测和检测。结果表明:结果分析得出存在显著差异,其中5年生紫科1号红豆杉无论是生长量、生物量还是紫杉醇含量都具有明显优势;生长量方面其株高平均122.37 cm,分支数与6、7年生苗没明显差异,地径虽不是最大,与6年生苗相比没有差异;生物量达3.35 kg;根与枝叶紫杉醇含量没明显差异,紫杉醇含量都较高平均0.005 2%。确定了紫科1号红豆杉采收的最佳时间和部位:5年生枝叶。     

三康氨基酸生物液肥对大豆产量的影响

1材料、方法 1.1材料：三康氨基酸液肥；多克福种衣剂；大豆 87－ 9。 1． 2方法：于大豆播前 2天取液肥 80ml(100g)兑水 3． 5kg拌种 80kg，拌匀后堆闷 5～ 6h，灌袋待播， 5月 10日大田播种 100亩，相临两侧为同一品种的种衣剂包衣和白籽 (对照 )播种，播种量和播肥量同于大田，田间管理同于大田， 6月 20日进行化学除草，配方为亩用国产虎威 90g＋精稳杀得乳油 70g兑水 25kg，喷药后观察， 6月 21日亩喷施液肥 40ml兑水 25kg，包衣和对照各喷水 14． 5kg，观察受害后恢复情况，最后观察成熟情况，测产。 2结果与分析 2． 1通过对出苗…     

施肥对1年生杨树生长量的影响分析

以不施肥为对照,以当地每667m2施肥25kg标准为处理T2,将当地施肥标准降低1/2为处理T_1,提高1.5倍为处理T3,对1年生渤丰1号杨进行了施肥试验。结果显示:与对照相比,T2苗高生长量提高了24%,地径生长量提高了25%,T2与CK相比差异显著,T_2处理即5g株-1为最佳施肥量。     

杉木林分郁闭度对林下黄花倒水莲生长及皂苷含量的影响

在杉木人工中龄纯林的林冠下,设计5个林分郁闭度(0.1—0.2,0.2—0.4,0.4—0.6,0.6—0.8,0.8—0.9),进行2年生黄花倒水莲苗套种试验,3 a后比较其生长及其根茎远志皂苷的含量.结果表明,不同郁闭度林冠下套种的黄花倒水莲,生长量及根茎远志皂苷含量均以郁闭度0.4—0.6的林分为最高,黄花倒水莲植株平均保存率为85.5％,平均地径达2.15 cm,平均株高达123.0 cm,平均冠幅达92.7 cm,平均根茎总质量(干质量)达99.28 kg/m2,根茎中远志皂苷平均含量达1939.12 mg/kg;郁闭度为0.2—0.4的上述各项指标值次之,低郁闭度(0.1—0.2)及较高郁闭度(0.6—0.9)的各项指标值均显著降低.认为选择郁闭度为0.4—0.6的杉木人工纯林林分套种黄花倒水莲,生长量及根茎药材产量与质量较高.     

几种调控因子对生物反应器培养东北刺人参不定根的影响

以东北刺人参不定根为材料,探讨不定根反应器培养过程中通气量、接种密度、反应器大小对其增殖生长的影响。结果表明,在含有4L培养基的5L气升式反应器中,当通气量为300mL/min时不定根长势最佳,鲜质量和干质量最大,分别为92.2、9.5g/L;当接种密度为5g/L(鲜质量)时不定根的增殖效果明显好于其它处理,增殖系数最大为19.6;同时,研究证实了5L反应器的培养条件基本适用于10L和20L反应器的扩大培养。     

水杨酸对盐胁迫下大豆生长和渗透调节能力的影响

砂基培养大豆,盐胁迫下进行水杨酸处理,NaCl和SA处理的预定浓度分别为0 0(对照)、100 0、100 0.3、200 0、200 0.3mmol/L。结果表明:SA处理后提高盐胁迫下大豆Pro、SS、AA和叶绿素含量;增强根系活力、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性。综合各项生长和生理指标表明,SA处理有利于增加渗透调节能力,减缓水分胁迫,缓解盐害;且SA对NaCl 100mmol/L处理的大豆生长缓解效应优于NaCl200mmol/L胁迫的。     

Irrigation regime affects water and aeration conditions in peat growth medium and the growth of containerized Scots pine seedings

Containerized Scots pine seedlings growing in light Sphagnum peat growth medium in a greenhouse were subjected to three irrigation treatments. The seedlings were irrigated by saturating the growth medium with a nutrient solution (i) daily or when (ii) –5 or (iii) –10 kPa medium matric potential was achieved. In general, the nutrient concentrations in the foliage of the seedlings were rather similar for all irrigation treatments. In the wet (daily) irrigation treatment, however, the foliar concentration of N was lower and the foliar concentrations of P, Ca, S, Mn and Na were higher than in the other two treatments. In the wet irrigation treatment, height growth was lower than that in the other treatments. In this treatment the shoot to root ratio and several other morphological characteristics were also reduced, while the number of root lenticels and seedling mortality were increased compared to the other treatments. Rapid growth was obtained by irrigating at –5 to –10 kPa matric potential. In the wet irrigation treatment, the median matric potential and air-filled porosity of the peat medium were –0.4 kPa and 11%, respectively, which indicated waterlogging and very suboptimal aeration to the seedlings. The respective values for the irrigations at –5 and –10 kPa were –2.7 to –3.3 kPa and 39 to 43%, which were considered to cover the range from optimum to slightly suboptimum for average water availability and aeration.     

Effect of soil chemical properties on growth,foliation and nutrition of Norway spruce stand affected by yellowing in the Bohemian Forest Mts., Czech Republic

In 1998, a fertilizer experiment aiming to investigate the effects of slow-release N, P, K and Mg fertilizer (SILVAMIX Mg NPK^®) on a 60-year-old spruce stand with symptoms of yellowing was established. In this paper, trees were selected to investigate the relation between annual diameter increment, yellowing, foliation, needle and soil chemical properties: ten from the fertilized treatment (F), ten green trees from the control (CG) and ten yellow trees from the control (CY). CG and CY trees were growing in close proximity at a distance of only several meters apart under the same soil conditions. In treatment F, increased annual diameter increment, improved foliation, needle Mg concentration, plant-available Mg and P concentrations in the soil and absence of yellow trees were recorded 7 years after a single application of the fertilizer. During the last 15 years, annual growth increment and foliation of CY trees have continuously decreased while relatively stable values were recorded for CG trees and increased for F trees. In 2006, CG and CY trees differed significantly in Mg concentration in needles, foliation, yellowing and annual diameter increment. Although differences in soil chemical properties between CG and CY treatments were not significant, lower concentrations of plant-available Mg²⁺ and higher concentrations of H⁺ and Al³⁺ were found in soils under CY trees. There was a negative correlation between soil concentration of Mg and yellowing, but this correlation was relatively weak, indicating that there is no simple relation between soil and needle concentrations of Mg. In the investigated locality, the “new type” of yellow tree decline has been a long-term gradual process.     

Spatial pattern of paulownia witches' broom and its effects on the growth of Paulownia elongata in Shaanxi Province,China

The spatial pattern of paulownia witches' broom was investigated using an Iwao's(m*-m) model in Shaanxi Province,China.Iwao's(m*-m) model revealed that spatial pattern of paulownia witches' broom exhibited a uniform distribution in sample plots.In this model,characteristics of contagiousness coefficient(α) justified the probability of infection by virus-transmission vectors.For tree age less than six,susceptible individuals were aggregated as clusters in the plots and then mutually repelled over age.A preli...     

湖北省宜昌市核桃资源调查及优良株系选育

通过对宜昌市核桃(Juglans regiaL.)资源的调查,基本摸清了核桃的分布、栽培历史及栽培技术等情况,并从现有核桃资源中选择出13个优良株系,均具有纹细、壳薄、口味香甜、出仁率高等特点,可直接用于生产。本调查选优结合国家环保工程、天然林保护工程、退耕还林工程,为我市发展核桃产业提供了科学依据。     

Allelopathic effects of Lantana camara on germination and growth behavior of some agricultural crops in Bangladesh

An experiment was conducted to understand the growth inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts derived from Lantana camara L. （a globally recognized invasive alien weed） on six popular agricultural crops of Bangladesh. The test was conducted in sterilized petridishes with a photoperiod of 24 hours and an average temperature of 29℃. The effect of different concentrations ofL. camara leaf extracts were recorded and compared with control （i.e., distil water）. Result showed different concentrations of aqueous leaf extracts caused significant inhibitory effect on germination, root and shoot elongation and development of lateral roots of receptor crops. Bioassays also indicated that the inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentrations of the extracts and higher concentration had the stronger inhibitory effect whereas the lower concentration showed stimulatory effect in some cases. The inhibitory effect was much pronounced in root and lateral root development rather than shoot and germination.     

Effects of treeshelters and polyethylene mulch sheets on survival and growth of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) seedlings planted in northwestern Tunisia

Success of plantation establishment depends on the ability of seedlings to withstand animal browsing and competition from vegetation. This study in northwestern Tunisia examined the influence of browsing protection and vegetation control on seedling mortality, diameter, and height growth components of an evergreen sclerophyllous oak species, cork oak (Quercus suber L.) for the first 2 years after planting (2005 and 2006). Browsing protection was controlled by varying both treeshelter type (non-vented, vented, and control) and height (1.2-m and 1.8-m tall). Competing vegetation was controlled through increasing sizes of square-shaped black polyethylene mulch sheets: 0 m, 0.7 m, 1 m and 1.3 m large. Seedling mortality rate was relatively low during the first year (9%) and was not affected by any of the studied factors. During the following year, mortality was lower for seedlings in both types (non-vented and vented) of 1.2-m tall treeshelters than for unsheltered ones. Mortality was only slightly higher for 1.8-m tall shelters than for 1.2-m shelters. Compared to unsheltered seedlings, basal diameter was reduced during both seasons for seedlings inside non-vented treeshelters (1.2-m and 1.8-m tall), whereas for vented shelters it was reduced during the first year and then increased during the second year. Height growth was positively affected by tree shelters during both years. Seedlings inside non-vented 1.8-m tall shelters were the tallest having an average height of up to 140 cm at the end of the second year, while the unsheltered seedlings had only an average height of up to 42 cm. The greater height of the sheltered seedlings was attributed to the increase of: (1) the number of shoot flushes yearly established on the main stem (up to three), and (2) the length of all the growth units produced during each flush. Seedlings inside vented shelters had balanced growth with a low proportion of seedlings unable to support themselves without a stake (7%). However, non-vented shelters had unbalanced height and diameter growths resulting in both a higher height-to-diameter ratio and in a higher proportion of seedlings having stability problems (47%). Polyethylene mulch sheets did not affect early survival, seedling basal diameter, or number of shoot flushes established yearly, but did slightly improve seedling height at the end of the second season, mostly due to the significant improvement in shoot elongation of the first flush. Results suggest that both 1.8 m treeshelters and plastic mulches may enhance the growth of cork oak seedlings planted on harsh sites in northwestern Tunisia.     

美国栎属种源引种,变异研究：幼树年高生长节律和物候期的变异

对定植在江苏省林业科学研究院苗圃（南京）内的美国栎属３个树种,１９个种源、家系（包括柳叶栎９个种源、家系,北方红栎６个家系,红栎４个种源）的２年生幼树进行了年高生长节律和物候期（包括展叶期、叶变色期和落叶期）的定期观测（分别每３～１５ｄ观测１次）。结果表明：（１）３个树种在南京年高生长节律差异显著。柳叶栎在生长期内抽梢次数较多,在５次以上,基本呈连续生长趋势。生长节律呈快（５月）－慢（６月）－最快