A new powdery mildew resistance gene: Introgression from wild emmer into common wheat and RFLP-based mapping

An Israeli accession (TTD140) of wild emmer, Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides, was found resistant to several races of powdery mildew. Inoculation of the chromosome-arm substitution lines (CASLs) of TTD140, in the background of the Israeli common wheat cultivar ‘Bethlehem’ (BL), with five isolates of powdery mildew revealed that only the line carrying the short arm of chromosome 2B of wild emmer (CASL 2BS) exhibited complete resistance to four of the five isolates. To map and tag the powdery mildew resistance gene, 41 recombinant substitution lines, derived from a cross between BL and CASL 2BS, were used to construct a linkage map at the gene region. The map, which encompasses 69.5 cM of the distal region of chromosome arm 2BS, contains six RFLP markers, a morphological marker (glaucousness inhibitor, W1 ^I), and the powdery mildew resistance gene. Segregation ratios for resistance in F₂ of BL × CASL 2BS and in the recombinant lines, combined with the susceptability of F₁ progeny to all tested isolates, indicate that resistance is controlled by a single recessive allele. This alleleco-segregated with a polymorphic locus detected by the DNA marker Xwg516, 49.4 cM from the terminal marker Xcdo456. The new powdery mildew resistance gene was designated Pm26. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

野生二粒小麦导入普通小麦的抗白粉病基因MlWE29分子标记定位

小麦白粉病是严重影响小麦生产的重要病害之一,培育和应用抗病品种是有效控制和减少病害的最经济有效的方法。野生二粒小麦是硬粒小麦和普通小麦的四倍体野生祖先种,是小麦抗病性遗传改良的重要基因资源。本研究利用来自以色列的野生二粒小麦WE29与普通小麦杂交,再用普通小麦连续回交和自交,育成高抗白粉病(Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici)小麦新品系3D258(系谱为燕大1817/WE29//5*87-1, BC₄F₆)。将3D258和高感小麦白粉病的普通小麦品种薛早配制杂交组合,对其F₁、F₂代分离群体和F₃代家系进行白粉病抗性鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明3D258携带抗白粉病显性单基因,暂命名为MlWE29。利用集群分离分析法(BSA)和分子标记分析,发现6个SSR标记(Xgwm335、Xgwm213、Xgwm639、Xwmc415、Xwmc289和Xwmc75)和5个EST-STS标记(BE494426、BE442763、CD452476、BE445282和BE407068)与抗白粉病基因MlWE29连锁。利用中国春缺体-四体系、双端体系和缺失系将抗白粉病基因MlWE29标记物理定位于5BL染色体的0.59–0.79区域。这一普通小麦抗白粉病种质资源的创制及其连锁分子标记的建立为小麦抗病基因分子标记辅助选择、基因积聚和分子育种提供了新的物质基础。     

Microsatellite Marker Identification of a Triticum Aestivum -Aegilops Umbellulata Substitution Line with Powdery Mildew Resistance

Summary Aegilops umbellulata acc. Y39 and Triticum carthlicum acc. PS5, immune to many powdery mildew isolates, were crossed to make an amphidiploid line Am9. The powdery mildew resistance of Am9 was transferred to common wheat cultivar Laizhou953 by crossing and backcrossing. In this study, the origin of powdery mildew resistance in a BC₃F_4:5 population derived from a cross of Am9 and Laizhou953 was identified. Microsatellite markers analysis showed that markers Xgwm257, Xgwm296, and Xgwm319, co-segregated with the powdery mildew resistance, whereas markers Xgwm210, Xgwm388/140, Xgwm388/170 and Xgwm526 were related to susceptibility and linked to resistance in repulsion. Of three markers related to resistance, Xgwm257 and Xgwm319 were codominant, whereas Xgwm296 was dominant. All three markers were Ae. umbellulata-specific indicating that resistance in the test population originated from Ae. umbellulata acc. Y39. The chromosome location and mapping of these linked microsatellite markers, the chromosome numbers of derived BC₃F_4:6 families, and chromosome pairing in F₁ plants from a cross of a homozygous resistant BC₃F_4:5 plant and Laizhou953, showed that wheat chromosome 2B was substituted by Ae. umbellulata chromosome 2U. This is the first gene conferring powdery mildew resistance transferred to wheat from Ae. umbellulata, and it should be a novel resistance gene to powdery mildew. It was temporarily designated PmY39.The first two authors made equal contributions     

Identification of a novel recessive gene for resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) in barley (Hordeum vulgare)

One of the most important diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare) is powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Spring barley line 173-1-2 was selected from a Moroccan landrace and revealed broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew. The objective of this study was to map and characterize the gene for seedling powdery mildew resistance in this line. After crossing with the susceptible cultivar ‘Manchuria’, genetic analysis of F₂ and F₃ families at the seedling stage revealed powdery mildew resistance in line 173-1-2 conditioned by a single recessive gene. Molecular analysis of non-segregating homozygous resistant and homozygous susceptible F₂ plants conducted on the DArTseq platform (Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd) identified significant markers which were converted to allele-specific PCR markers and tested among 94 F₂ individuals. The new resistance gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 6H. No other powdery mildew recessive resistance gene has been located on 6H so far. Therefore, we concluded that the 173-1-2 barley line carries a novel recessive resistance gene designated as mlmr.     

野生二粒小麦导入普通小麦的抗白粉病基因MlWE29分子标记定位

小麦白粉病是严重影响小麦生产的重要病害之一,培育和应用抗病品种是有效控制和减少病害的最经济有效的方法。野生二粒小麦是硬粒小麦和普通小麦的四倍体野生祖先种,是小麦抗病性遗传改良的重要基因资源。本研究利用来自以色列的野生二粒小麦WE29与普通小麦杂交,再用普通小麦连续回交和自交,育成高抗白粉病(Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici)小麦新品系3D258(系谱为燕大1817/WE29//5*87-1, BC₄F₆)。将3D258和高感小麦白粉病的普通小麦品种薛早配制杂交组合,对其F₁、F₂代分离群体和F₃代家系进行白粉病抗性鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明3D258携带抗白粉病显性单基因,暂命名为MlWE29。利用集群分离分析法(BSA)和分子标记分析,发现6个SSR标记(Xgwm335、Xgwm213、Xgwm639、Xwmc415、Xwmc289和Xwmc75)和5个EST-STS标记(BE494426、BE442763、CD452476、BE445282和BE407068)与抗白粉病基因MlWE29连锁。利用中国春缺体-四体系、双端体系和缺失系将抗白粉病基因MlWE29标记物理定位于5BL染色体的0.59–0.79区域。这一普通小麦抗白粉病种质资源的创制及其连锁分子标记的建立为小麦抗病基因分子标记辅助选择、基因积聚和分子育种提供了新的物质基础。     

从野生二粒小麦导入普通小麦的抗白粉病基因MlWE18分子标记定位

野生二粒小麦(Triticum turgidumvar. dicoccoides)是小麦抗白粉病遗传改良的重要基因资源。利用野生二粒小麦WE18与普通小麦品种(系)连续多次杂交和自交,育成对白粉病菌生理小种E09高度抵抗的小麦新品系3D249(京双27//燕大1817/WE18/3/温麦4,F₇)。利用高感白粉病品系薛早和3D249组配杂交组合,获得杂种F₁代、F₂分离群体和F₃代家系,进行苗期白粉病抗性鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明,小麦品系3D249对E09小种的抗性受显性单基因控制,暂命名该基因为MlWE18。利用集群分离分析法(BSA)和分子标记分析,发现4个简单重复序列(SSR)标记(Xwmc525、Xwmc273、Xcfa2040和Xcfa2240)、1个EST-STS标记(Xmag1759)和1个EST-STS序列标记(XE13-2)与抗白粉病基因MlWE18连锁,在遗传连锁图谱上的顺序为Xwmc525–Xcfa2040–Xwmc273–XE13-2–Xmag1759–MlWE18–Xcfa2240。SSR标记的染色体缺失系物理定位结果表明,抗白粉病基因MlWE18位于小麦7A染色体长臂末端的Bin 7AL 16–0.85–1.00。与已知定位于该染色体区域的Pm基因遗传连锁图谱比较表明,MlWE18与抗白粉病基因Pm1、MlIW72、PmU、Mlm2033和Mlm80均位于7AL相同染色体区段。     

Molecular characterization of a novel powdery mildew resistance gene Pm30 in wheat originating from wild emmer

Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important wheat diseases in many regions of theworld. A powdery mildew resistance gene, originating from wild emmerwheat (Triticum dicoccoides) accession `C20', from Rosh Pinna, Israel,was successfully transferred to hexaploid wheat through crossing andbackcrossing. Genetic analysis indicated that a single dominant genecontrols the powdery mildew resistance at the seedling stage. SegregatingBC₁F₂ progenies of the cross 87-1/C20//2*8866 wereused for bulked segregant analysis (BSA). The PCR approach was used togenerate polymorphic DNA fragments between the resistant and susceptibleDNA pools by use of 10-mer random primers, STS primers, and wheatmicrosatellite primers. Three markers, Xgwm159/430,Xgwm159/460, and Xgwm159/500, were found to be linked tothe resistance gene. After evaluating the polymorphic markers in twosegregating populations, the distance between the markers and the mildewresistance gene was estimated to be 5–6 cM. By means of ChineseSpring nullisomic-tetrasomics and ditelosomics, the polymorphic markersand the resistance gene were assigned to chromosome arm 5BS and werephysically mapped on the gene rich regions of fragment length (FL) 0.41–0.43 by Chinese Spring deletion lines. As no powdery mildew resistancegene has been reported on chromosome arm 5BS, the mildew resistancegene originating from C20 should be a new gene and is designated Pm30.     

小麦抗白粉病新基因的AFLP和SSR标记及其染色体定位

M53 (YAV2/TEZ//Ae.squarrosa 249) 是硬粒小麦与粗山羊草的双二倍体合成种,携带一个抗白粉病新基因,暂命名为Pm-M53,该基因对北京地区白粉病优势生理小种15号表现免疫抗性。本研究利用来源于杂交组合M53/宛7107的一个F₂群体,在苗期采用白粉病15号小种（Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici）接种,抗病反应型鉴定表明,抗感比例符合3∶1,说明其抗性受显性单基因控制;对部分F₂植株的F₃株系的抗病鉴定进一步证明了F₂鉴定的可靠性;利用AFLP和SSR标记技术结合F₂分离群体对目的基因进行了遗传作图,将目的基因定位在5D染色体的长臂上。其中AFLP标记P16M16_-109(Apm109)和P5M16_-161(Apm161)与目的基因的遗传距离分别为1.0和3.0 cM。SSR标记Xwmc289b、Xgwm583和Xgwm292与目的基因的遗传距离分别为20.0、33.0和24.0 cM。这些标记位于目的基因的两侧。利用中国春遗传背景的缺-四体和双端体结合AFLP标记Apm109确证了SSR标记定位的可靠性,进一步证明该基因是一个新的抗白粉病基因。     

Microsatellite mapping of powdery mildew resistance allele <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pm5d</Emphasis> from common wheat line IGV1-455

The powdery mildew resistance allele Pm5d in the backcross-derived wheat lines IGV1-455 (CI10904/7*Prins) and IGV1-556 (CI10904/7*Starke) shows a wide spectrum of resistance and virulent pathotypes have not yet been detected in Germany. Although this allele may be distinguished from the other documented Pm5 alleles by employing a differential set of Blumeria graminis tritici isolates, the use of linked molecular markers could enhance selection, especially for gene pyramiding. Pm5d was genetically mapped relative to six microsatellite markers in the distal part of chromosome 7BL using 82 F₃ families of the cross Chinese Spring × IGV1-455. Microsatellite-based deletion line mapping placed Pm5d in the terminal 14% of chromosome 7BL. The closely linked microsatellite markers Xgwm577 and Xwmc581 showed useful variation for distinguishing the different Pm5 alleles except the ones originating from Chinese wheat germplasm. Their use, however, would be limited to particular crosses because they are not functional markers. The occurrence of resistance genes closely linked to the Pm5 locus is discussed. Ghazaleh Nematollahi and Volker Mohler equally contributed to this work.     

小麦地方品种小白冬麦抗白粉病基因分子标记

小麦农家品种小白冬麦对小麦白粉病具有良好抗性,对病原菌拥有较广的抗谱,并与其他已知抗白粉病基因的抗谱不同,遗传分析证实小白冬麦的苗期抗性由一个隐性抗白粉病基因控制。为了寻找与小白冬麦所携带抗白粉病基因连锁的分子标记,采用小白冬麦和感病品种Chancellor(CC)正反交组合,在2个F₂群体125和107个单株上进行验证。结果显示,抗白粉病基因mlxbd与引物Xgwm577、Xgwm1267等紧密连锁,通过中国春及其第7部分同源群缺体-四体系,双端体系和缺失系将其定位在7B染色体长臂末端区域(7BL-10,Bin 0.78~1.00), 利用与mlxbd最近的引物Xgwm577扩增23个含有已知抗白粉病基因的小麦品种,检测发现这个引物不能单独用于分子标记辅助选择育种。     

小麦新品种济麦22抗白粉病基因的分子标记定位

为明确济麦22携带抗白粉病基因的染色体位置,利用济麦22与感病亲本中国春杂交,用小麦白粉菌(Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici)强毒性小种E20对F₂抗、感分离群体和F_2:3家系进行抗病鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明,济麦22携带1个显性抗白粉病基因, 暂被命名为PmJM22。运用SSR和EST标记及分离群体分组分析法(bulked segregant analysis, BSA),将其定位在2BL染色体上,与4个SSR和5个EST标记间的连锁距离为7.7 cM (Xwmc149)到31.3 cM (Xbarc101)。通过分析2BL上其他抗白粉病基因的来源、染色体位置和抗性反应,认为PmJM22不同于Pm6、Pm26、Pm33和MlZec1。     

Identification and genetic mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene in wild emmer (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum dicoccoides</Emphasis>) accession IW72 from Israel

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in China and worldwide, causing severe yield losses annually. Wild emmer (T. dicoccoides) accession IW72 collected from Israel is resistant to powdery mildew at the seedling and adult stages. Genetic analysis indicated that the resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated MlIW72. The F₂ population and F₃ families derived from a hybrid between IW72 and susceptible durum wheat line Mo75 were used for molecular mapping of the resistance gene. MlIW72 was linked with SSR loci Xgwm344, Xcfa2040, Xcfa2240, Xcfa2257 and Xwmc525 on the long arm of chromosome 7A. In addition, two STS markers, MAG2185 (derived from RFLP marker PSR680) and MAG1759 (developed from EST CD452874), were mapped close to MlIW72. All these markers were physically located in the terminal bin 0.86–1.00 of 7AL. The chromosome location and genetic mapping results suggested that the powdery mildew resistance gene identified in wild emmer accession IW72 might be a new allele at the Pm1 locus or a new locus closely linked to Pm1.     

Identification and chromosomal locations of novel genes for resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust in a wheat line 101-3

Wheat powdery mildew and stripe rust, caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici (syn. Erysiphe graminis f.sp.tritici) and Puccinia striiformis Westend., respectively, are two important fungal diseases of wheat in many regions in the world that cause significant annual yield losses. In the present study, a dominant powdery mildew and a dominant stripe rust resistance gene in wheat line 101-3 which derived from the progenies of the wide cross between common wheat and Dasypyrum villosum Candary L., was located on chromosome 6B and 1B, respectively, by monosomic analyses. The two genes are different from known resistance genes on chromosome 6B for powdery mildew and 1B for stripe rusts, suggesting that the two genes might be novel resistance genes for powdery mildew and stripe rust, respectively. It is uncertain whether the two genes are allelic or lined with other resistance genes located on chromosome 6B for powdery mildew and 1B for stripe rust. Further allelism tests are necessary to determine the relationships between the resistance gene and other genes located on chromosome 6B for powdery mildew and 1B for stripe rust through molecular markers.     

Molecular mapping and detection of the yellow rust resistance gene Yr26 in wheat transferred from Triticum turgidum L. using microsatellite markers

Yellow rust (stripe rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat throughout the world. Wheat-Haynaldia villosa 6AL.6VS translocation lines R43, R55, R64 and R77, derived from the cross of three species, carry resistance to both yellow rust and powdery mildew. An F₂ population was established by crossing R55 with the susceptible cultivar Yumai 18. The yellow rust resistance in R55 was controlled by a single dominant gene, which segregated independently of the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 located in the chromosome 6VS segment, indicating that the yellow rust resistance gene and Pm21 are unlikely to be carried by the same alien segment. This yellow rust resistance gene was considered to beYr26, originally thought to be also located in chromosome arm 6VS. Bulked Segregation Analysis and microsatellite primer screens of the population F₂ of Yumai 18 × R55 identified three chromosome 1B microsatellite locus markers, Xgwm11, Xgwm18 and Xgwm413, closely linked to Yr26. Yr26 was placed 1.9 cM distal of Xgwm11/Xgwml8, which in turn were 3.2 cM from Xgwm413. The respective LOD values were 21 and 36.5. Therefore, Yr26 was located in the short arm of chromosome 1B. The origin and distribution of Yr26 was investigated by pedigree, inheritance of resistance and molecular marker analysis. The results indicated that Yr26 came from Triticum turgidum L. Three other 6AL.6VS translocation lines, R43, R64 and R77, also carried Yr26. These PCR-based microsatellite markers were shown to be very effective for the detection of the Yr26 gene in segregating populations and therefore can be applied in wheat breeding. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小麦新种质N9628-2抗白粉病基因的SSR分析

以抗白粉病的波斯小麦-小伞山羊草双二倍体Am9为母本, 与高感白粉病的普通小麦品种陕160杂交, 并用陕160回交一次, 从其后代中选育的普通小麦种质N9628-2对陕西省关中地区白粉病流行小种关中4号表现免疫。为了明确N9628-2所携带抗性基因的遗传方式及与抗性基因连锁的分子标记, 对该种质的抗白粉病基因进行了遗传分析和SSR标记分析。用高感白粉病品种陕160、陕优225与N9628-2杂交, F₁代对白粉病均表现高抗, F2代抗感分离比例均符合3∶1, 表明N9628-2的白粉病抗性由1对显性基因控制。通过208对SSR引物对陕160 ´ N9628-2 F2代抗感分离群体的142个单株的检测, 发现位于6A上的SSR位点Xwmc553和Xwmc684在双亲和抗、感池间有特异性, 并与抗性基因连锁, 遗传距离分别是10.99和7.43 cM, 表明抗病基因可能位于6A染色体上。 用中国春部分第6同源群的缺体-四体系和双端体系进行验证, 进一步将抗性基因定位在6AS。用连锁的SSR标记和相关亲本分析表明, 该抗病基因可能来源于小伞山羊草Y39, 它不同于已有抗白粉病基因, 可能是一个新基因。     

Rapid introduction of disease resistance from rye into common wheat by anther culture of a 6x triticale × nulli-tetrasomic wheat

Powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminis) and yellow rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis) are the two most serious wheat diseases found in China. Rye chromosomes, carrying genes for resistance to these diseases, were introduced into common wheat in two generations using chromosome engineering and anther culture. The F₁ hybrids from a cross involving a hexaploid triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) בChinese Spring’ nulli‐tetrasomic N6DT6A wheat aneuploid line were anther cultured and doubled‐haploid plants were regenerated. Using genomic in situ hybridization, C‐banding and biochemical marker analyses, one of the anther‐cultured lines (ZH‐1)studied in detail, proved to be a doubled‐haploid with one rye chromosome pair added (1R) and a homozygous 6R/6D substitution (2n= 44). The line was tested for expression of disease resistance and found to be highly resistant to powdery mildew and moderately resistant to yellow rust.     

小麦品种“唐麦4号”抗白粉病基因的分子标记与染色体定位

唐麦4号是对小麦白粉病(Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici)具有良好抗性的T1BL·1RS育成品种, 遗传分析结果表明, 唐麦4号携带1个抗白粉病半显性单基因, 暂命名为PmTm4。采用唐麦4号为抗病亲本的杂交组合(唐麦4号/Clement)F2代抗、感病分离群体和F3代家系, 利用集群分离分析法(BSA)建立了与PmTm4连锁的分子标记连锁图Xcau12—Xgwm611—PmTm4—XEST92—Xbarc1073—Xbarc82—Xwmc276。根据小麦7BL连锁图的标记顺序和抗白粉病基因连锁标记在中国春缺体-四体、双端体和缺失系上的定位结果, 将PmTm4基因定位于小麦7BL染色体臂末端。以上研究结果为唐麦4号抗白粉病基因在育种中的利用、分子标记辅助选择和基因累加提供了便利。     

普通小麦品种Brock抗白粉病基因分子标记定位

为明确利用Brock转育成的小麦抗白粉病品系3B529(京411*7//农大015/Brock, F₆)抗性的遗传基础,将高感白粉病小麦品系薛早和3B529杂交,获得F₁代、F₂分离群体和F_2:3家系。抗病性鉴定和遗传分析结果表明,3B529对E09小种的抗性受1对显性基因控制,暂被定名为MlBrock。利用BSA和分子标记分析,获得了与MlBrock连锁的3个SSR标记Xcfd81、Xcfd78、Xgwm159和2个SCAR标记SCAR203和SCAR112,根据SSR和SCAR标记在中国春缺体四体、双端体和缺失系的定位结果,将MlBrock定位在小麦染色体臂5DS Bin 0~0.63区间上。MlBrock与Xcfd81和SCAR203共分离,与SCAR112的遗传距离为0.5 cM。这些分子标记的建立有利于今后Brock抗白粉病基因分子标记辅助选择和基因聚合。综合抗白粉病基因MlBrock的染色体定位和抗谱分析结果,推测MlBrock很可能是Pm2基因。     

Chromosomal location of powdery mildew resistance gene Pm16 in wheat using SSR marker analysis

The use of resistant cultivars is a most economical way to control powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Identification of molecular markers closely linked to resistance genes can greatly increase the efficiency of pyramiding resistance genes in wheat cultivars. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers closely linked lo the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm16. An F₂ population with 156 progeny was produced from the cross‘Chancellor’(susceptible) ב70281’ (resistant), A total of 45 SSR markers on chromosomes 4A and 5B of wheat and 15 SSRs on chromosome 3 of rice was used lo lest the parents, as well as the resistant and susceptible bulks: the resulting polymorphic markers were used to genotype the F₂ progeny. Results indicated that the SSR marker Xgwm159, located on the short arm of chromosome 5B, is closely linked to Pm16 (genetic distance: 5.3 CM). The cytogenetical data presented in an original report, in combination with this molecular analysis, suggests that Pm16 may he located on a translocated 4A.5BS chromosome.     

来自野生二粒小麦IW3和IW10的两个白粉病基因的鉴定及SSR标记定位

野生二粒小麦(Triticum dicoccoides)是小麦抗病育种的重要资源库之一。来自以色列Mount Hermon的野生二粒小麦材料IW3 和IW10对我国小麦白粉病菌生理小种E09表现高抗。对硬粒小麦Langdon与IW3和IW10两个杂交组合F₂分离群体和F₃家系的遗传分析表明,IW3和IW10对小麦白粉菌E09的抗性均受显性单基因控制,暂被命名为MlIW3和MlIW10。采用BSA法和SSR标记分析,筛选到与抗白粉病基因MlIW3和MlIW10连锁的5个SSR标记,这两个基因均位于Xbarc84和Xwmc326之间,顺序为Xbarc84–4.6 cM–MlIW3–1.6 cM–Xwmc326和Xbarc84–6.6 cM–MlIW10–0.6 cM–Xwmc326。根据SSR分子标记的遗传图谱和在中国春的缺体—四体、双端体和缺失系的定位结果,这两个抗白粉病基因被定位在3BL染色体的末端。根据MlIW3和MlIW10的来源和分子标记定位结果,推断这两个基因可能是小麦抗白粉病基因Pm41或其等位基因或位于同一个基因簇中。