猪囊虫TS21抗原DNA接种小鼠的免疫应答

将40只BALB／c小鼠随机分为2组，A组以VR1020免疫作为对照，B组以TS2l抗原基因的真核表达型质粒VTS2l免疫。用ELISA检测免疫小鼠IgG总量和特异性抗体水平，MTT比色法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞伴刀豆蛋白A(ConA)刺激的增殖反应及IL—2的谤生活性，常规法检测外周血免疫细胞数量的动态变化。结果显示，VTS2l免疫小鼠血清的IgG含量和特异性抗体效价显著高于对照组小鼠；免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞ConA刺激增殖反应和IL—2诱生活性均比对照组小鼠显著增强；免疫小鼠的淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞等免疫细胞的数量也显著超过对照组。免疫小鼠的细胞和体液免疫反应显著增强，表明VTS2l具有很强的免疫激活作用，有进一步研制开发成为猪囊虫病DNA疫苗的潜力。     

猪带绦虫TS11抗原基因接种小鼠的免疫应答

本实验以猪带绦虫 TS11抗原基因的真核表达型质粒 VTS11肌肉免疫注射 BAL B/ c小鼠 ,四甲基偶氮唑蓝 (MTT)比色法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞刀豆蛋白 A(Con A)刺激的增殖反应及 IL- 2的诱生活性 ;用 EL ISA方法检测免疫小鼠 Ig G总量和特异性抗体水平 ,常规法检测外周血免疫细胞数量的动态变化。结果显示 VTS11免疫小鼠血清的特异性抗体滴度和 Ig G含量显著高于空白对照组小鼠 ;免疫小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞 Con A刺激增殖反应和 IL - 2诱生活性均比对照组小鼠显著增强 ;VTS11免疫小鼠的淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞等免疫细胞的数量也显著超过对照组。这表明 VTS11免疫小鼠 ,可诱导其产生特异性的细胞和体液免疫反应 ,VTS11具有很强的免疫激活作用 ,可望成为预防猪囊虫病的一种新型疫苗。     

羊口疮病毒B2L、F1L基因融合真核表达质粒诱导小鼠的免疫应答及IL-2对其作用影响的研究

为评价羊口疮病毒(OrfV)B2L、F1L基因融合真核表达质粒pVAX1-B2L-F1L免疫小鼠诱导的体液和细胞免疫应答及IL-2对其免疫作用的影响。本研究将构建的pVAX1-B2L-F1L真核质粒转染MDBK细胞后,采用RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)检测B2L-F1L融合基因在MDBK细胞中的表达;将pVAX1-B2L-F1L、pVAX1-B2L-F1L+pVAX1-IL-2、pVAX1空载体、生理盐水对照组KM系小鼠通过后腿肌肉注射的方式免疫,采用ELISA方法检测免疫小鼠血清中OrfV特异性抗体以及Th1型(IL-2、IFN-γ)、Th2型(IL-4、IL-6)细胞因子;MTT法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果显示,pVAX1-B2L-F1L重组质粒能够在MDBK细胞中表达;pVAX1-B2L-F1L+pVAX1-IL-2联合免疫组小鼠血清抗体及IL-2和IFN-γ水平均显著高于pVAX1-B2L-F1L组;该联合免疫组小鼠血清IL-4、IL-6细胞因子水平与pVAX1-B2L-F1L组相比差异不显著(p>0.05);该联合免疫组小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖水平高于pVAX1-B2L-F1L组(p<0.05)。由此表明,pVAX1-B2L-F1L能够诱导小鼠产生OrfV特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,联合pVAX1-IL-2诱导的免疫反应以细胞免疫应答为主,且能够促进Th1型细胞因子的分泌。本研究为OrfV基因工程疫苗的研制提供了参考依据。     

鱼精蛋白增强抗原诱导早期体液免疫反应的研究

为探究鱼精蛋白(PP)对抗原诱导早期体液免疫反应的增强作用,本研究采用PP与鸡卵清白蛋白(OVA)联合免疫小鼠,利用ELISA方法检测了免疫后10d内小鼠血清特异性抗体、细胞因子表达变化水平,采用流式细胞术检测了PP对外周血CD4~+和CD8~+T细胞亚群的影响,并进行了免疫小鼠的攻毒保护试验。结果显示,PP能快速激活OVA诱导的特异性抗体(IgM、IgG)应答,促进Th2偏向的免疫反应(IgG1、IL-5、IL-10),而对Th1型免疫应答(IgG2a、IFN-γ)无显著影响。免疫后10d的外周血淋巴细胞流式细胞术检测结果显示,PP显著提高外周血CD4~+/CD8~+值。此外,PP作为佐剂显著提高了大肠杆菌疫苗免疫小鼠3d后的攻毒存活率,增强了大肠杆菌疫苗的早期免疫保护。本研究为PP作为候选疫苗佐剂及其临床应用潜力提供了实验依据。     

寨卡病毒DNA疫苗pVAX-ZikaME构建及新型佐剂的筛选

选用1种递送载体与4种免疫刺激增强剂混合,与赛卡病毒DNA疫苗pVAX-ZikaME联合免疫BALB/c小鼠,观察新型佐剂对DNA疫苗抗原的免疫应答能力。首先构建表达ZikaME蛋白的DNA疫苗,然后将重组质粒转染至HEK293细胞,采用Western blot检测目的蛋白的表达。用配制的佐剂与重组的DNA疫苗联合免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过细胞亚群检测、淋巴细胞增殖试验和特异性抗体检测验证新型佐剂的增强免疫效果。结果显示,Western blot检测所构建的DNA疫苗表达68 000目的蛋白。用重组疫苗辅以佐剂免疫小鼠,免疫35 d时淋巴细胞增殖刺激组刺激指数、细胞亚群分化、特异性抗体水平均高于对照PBS组(P0.05)。结果表明,DNA疫苗pVAX-ZikaME辅以新型佐剂免疫小鼠可增强机体对该疫苗的免疫应答能力。     

羊口疮病毒B2L基因DNA疫苗的构建及其诱导的免疫应答

为研究所构建羊口疮病毒(OrfV)B2L基因DNA疫苗诱导小鼠的免疫应答效果,本研究对pMD18T-B2L质粒进行PCR扩增,克隆B2L片段至pVAX1载体中构建pVAX1-B2L重组质粒,进行酶切和测序鉴定;采用脂质体法将pVAX1-B2L真核表达质粒转染MDBK细胞,RT-PCR和IFA法检测B2L基因在MDBK细胞中的转录和表达;将构建的DNA疫苗免疫KM系小鼠,采用间接ELISA、MTT和FACS法对其诱导的免疫应答进行研究。结果显示,成功构建pVAX1-B2L真核表达质粒,并在MDBK细胞中表达;免疫小鼠后,DNA疫苗能诱导小鼠产生OrfV特异性抗体;脾淋巴细胞增殖、CD4~+、CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群百分比和IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4细胞因子均高于pVAX1组和PBS组。结果表明,本研究制备的DNA疫苗能够诱导小鼠产生较高水平的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答。     

羊IL-2基因和羊口疮病毒B2L基因真核表达重组质粒联合免疫小鼠的效果评价

为评价羊白介素2(IL-2)基因和羊口疮病毒(OrfV)B2L基因真核表达重组质粒联合接种小鼠的免疫效果,本研究将pVAX1-B2L、pVAX1-B2L+pVAX1-IL-2及空载体pVAX1和PBS对照组通过肌肉注射的方式免疫KM小鼠,并采用ELISA方法和MTT方法检测免疫小鼠的体液和细胞免疫反应。结果表明,pVAX1-B2L+pVAX1-IL-2联合免疫组小鼠血清抗体效价和IL-2水平均显著高于pVAX1-B2L免疫组,与pVAX1和PBS对照组相比差异极显著(p0.01)。而且pVAX1-B2L+pVAX1-IL-2免疫组的脾淋巴细胞增殖水平高于pVAX1-B2L免疫组、空载体pVAX1组和PBS对照组(p0.01)。因此,pVAX1-B2L+pVAX1-IL-2联合免疫KM小鼠可以诱导特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫,并且IL-2具有免疫佐剂的作用,为进一步将其用于Orf的防制奠定了基础。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒两种目的基因核酸疫苗免疫效果的比较

为研究和比较牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)囊膜蛋白E0和E2基因作为核酸疫苗候选基因的免疫效果,本实验构建了真核重组表达质粒p VAX1-E0和p VAX1-E2,并转染至293T细胞中,通过RT-PCR和western blot方法检测目的基因在293T细胞中的转录和表达情况。同时将重组质粒联合基因佐剂p VAX1-IL-2免疫小鼠,ELISA检测其中和抗体,结果表明,p VAX1-E0免疫组能够有效的诱导特异性血清抗体的产生,而p VAX1-E2免疫组效果不明显。MTT检测显示两组均显著促进了特异性淋巴细胞的增殖,并且p VAX1-E2组效果优于p VAX1-E0组。由此表明,p VAX1-E0可以诱导较好的体液免疫,而p VAX1-E2在细胞免疫方面效果较好。     

小鹅瘟病毒VP3基因真核表达质粒在小鼠中的免疫效果

检测小鹅瘟病毒（GPV）VP3基因真核表达质粒在小鼠中的免疫效果。大量提取本实验室已构建的含有GPVVP3基因的真核表达质粒pVAXI／VP3和空载体pVAXI,分两组进行两点肌肉注射免疫小鼠,共免疫4次。利用MTY法检测免疫小鼠的T细胞增殖活性,间接ELISA法检测免疫小鼠血清中GPV特异性抗体的水平。淋巴细胞增殖指数,免疫小鼠与正常小鼠差异不显著。间接ELISA检测结果表明,pVAXI／VP3质粒免疫组小鼠血清中GPV特异性抗体水平,显著高于空载体对照组和阴性对照组。已构建的GPVVP3基因真核表达载体可以诱导小鼠产生明显的体液免疫,为小鹅瘟核酸疫苗的研究奠定基础。     

含免疫增强剂CVC1302口蹄疫灭活疫苗缩短免疫应答窗口期机制的研究

为探究免疫增强剂CVC1302缩短口蹄疫灭活疫苗(KV)免疫应答窗口期的机制,本研究将灭活的O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)与CVC1302按照1.50配比后,与ISA206佐剂乳化制备疫苗(KV-CVC1302);将灭活的FMDV与ISA206佐剂乳化制备疫苗(KV),将上述疫苗分别免疫6周龄BALB/c雌性小鼠。免疫后7 d、28 d、56 d、90 d、120 d、150 d和180 d采血分离血清,利用O型FMD液相阻断ELISA(LBP ELISA)试剂盒检测各组小鼠血清FMDV特异性抗体水平。免疫后1 d,取注射位点肌肉,分别利用qPCR和ELISA检测其中细胞趋化因子的转录及表达水平。免疫后1 d、3 d、5 d和7 d分别采集注射位点肌肉及腹股沟淋巴结,制备单个淋巴细胞,利用流式细胞仪检测注射位点肌肉和腹股沟淋巴结的抗原递呈细胞(APC)[树突状细胞(DC)、巨噬细胞(Mph)、单核细胞(Mo)]的数量;免疫后1 d,利用流式细胞仪检测注射位点肌肉中DC的活化情况。结果显示,KV-CVC1302组小鼠FMDV特异性抗体水平、注射位点趋化因子转录及表达水平均显著高于KV组(p0.01、p0.001);且注射位点APC的数量及DC的活化水平也显著提高(p0.001),该组小鼠腹股沟淋巴结APC的数量也明显高于KV组(p0.05、p0.01或p0.001)。综上结果表明,CVC1302通过增强KV于注射位点诱导产生趋化因子的能力,募集大量的APC,进而对FMDV进行有效的捕获加工和递呈,转运至腹股沟淋巴结,诱导B细胞的形成,并分泌高水平抗体,从而缩短免疫应答窗口期。本研究首次证实CVC1302是在疫苗诱导免疫应答的启动阶段发挥作用,其通过募集活化的APC捕获更为有效的抗原以激活免疫系统,缩短了免疫应答窗口期,为后续研制新型免疫增强剂提供了新思路。     

Regulating effects of porcine interleukin-6 gene and CpG motifs on immune responses to porcine trivalent vaccines in mice

In order to develop novel immunoadjuvants to boost immune response of conventional vaccines, experiments were conducted to investigate the regulating effects of porcine interleukin-6 gene and CpG motifs as the molecular adjuvants on immune responses of mice that were co-inoculated with trivalent vaccines against Swine fever, the Pasteurellosis and Erysipelas suis. Synthetic oligodeoxynuleotides containing CpG motifs were ligated into pUC18, forming recombinant pUC18-CpG plasmid. Eukaryotic plasmid expressing porcine interleukin-6 (VPIL-6) were also constructed as molecular adjuvants in an attempt to enhance levels of immune responses of mice co-administered with the trivalent vaccines in this paper. The cellular and humoral immune responses of mice were systematically analysed, and the experimental results were observed that the number of white blood cells, monocytes, granuloytes and lymphocytes significantly increased, respectively, in the mice immunized with VPIL-6, compared with those of the control; the IgG content and titre of specific antibodies to the trivalent vaccine mounted remarkably in the sera from the VPIL-6 vaccinated mice; the proliferation of lymphocytes and induced IL-2 activities were significantly increased in the vaccinated groups. The above-mentioned immune responses of mice co-inoculated with pUC18-CpG plasmid were significantly stronger than those of co-inoculated with pUC18 plasmid, suggesting that the immunostimulatory effect of oligodeoxynuleotides CpG is closely connected with the number of CpG motifs. These results suggest that the porcine IL-6 gene and CpG motifs could be employed as effective immunoadjuvants to elevate immunity to conventional vaccines.     

中国流行株HIV及其与细胞因子基因共表达核酸疫苗质粒的构建及表达

以表达中国流行株HIV-1gp120基因的核酸疫苗质粒pGP及共表达中国流行株HIV-1gp120基因与IFN基因的核酸疫苗质粒pG-PIFN转染BHK-21细胞,以间接免疫荧光鉴定其表达产物。将上述两种质粒经胫前肌注射BALB/c鼠,检测gp120抗体的产生情况及ConA和Lps诱导的T细胞增殖能力。结果显示,荧光显微镜下pGPIFN转染细胞可见绿色荧光而pGP转染细胞未见绿色荧光。pGPIFN与pGP均可刺激小鼠产生抗gp120抗体,协同注射gp120和IFN基因的小鼠产生的抗体滴度明显高于单独注射gp120的小鼠。pGPIFN免疫鼠对ConA和Lps诱导的T细胞增殖能力明显高于单独注射gp120的小鼠。实验结果表明,协同应用IFN基因可明显加强HIV-1gp120基收稿日期:2002-07-19基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(3977066);国家杰出青年基金项目(39825119)作者简介:郭　焱(1963-),女,吉林省长春市人,长春中医学院基础医学部副教授,硕士,主要从事分子病毒学研究工作。因的免疫反应,为中国流行株HIV-1核酸疫苗的可行性提供了重要实验依据。     

The Immunoregulation of Mice by Somatic Transgenic Expression of Porcine Interleukin-6 Gene and CpG Sequence

Porcine IL-6 gene and CpG sequences were used to enhance some indirect indicators of the immune response of mice. An indirect ELISA was used to quantify the amount of IgG in the sera from mice that had been inoculated with VPIL-6, a recombinant VR1020 vector into which had been inserted the porcine IL-6 gene cloned in our laboratory, or with CpG, pUC18 or VR1020. The induced bioactivity of IL-2 of lymphocytes in the spleen was assayed by the MTT method, and the proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated with ConA was tested to identify the immune response of the experimental mice. The amount of IgG in the immunized mice was significantly higher than that in the control group. Among the immunized groups, inoculation with VPIL-6 induced the highest content of IgG (p < 0.05), the greatest bioactivity of IL-2 and the greatest proliferation of lymphocytes from the spleen of the mice. These results suggest that inoculation with porcine IL-6 gene and CpG sequences may enhance the immune response of mice, and might be used as an immunoadjuvant.     

Immunization procedure-related immunoglobulin levels in the development of antibodies against Cysticercus cellulosae

Various immunization procedures were investigated in an effort to improve the number of hybridomas producing antibodies against Cysticercus cellulosae. Ten groups of 5 BALB/c mice were subjected to different immunization procedures and were bled repeatedly over a period of 68 days. The samples of sera thus obtained were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay: total immunoglobulins, IgG and IgM levels were determined. In general, total anticyst antibody titres increased during the course of immunization but in 3 groups the final titre was lower than the maximal antibody titre. Overall, immune tolerance did not appear to be a problem and longer immunization programs seemed to end with slightly higher antibody levels. So far, 4 mice from the group that exhibited the highest immunoglobulin levels have been used for hybridoma production. Out of 124 hybridomas thus obtained, only 1 secreted antibodies against Cysticercus cellulosae.     

Assessment in mice of vapA-DNA vaccination against Rhodococcus equi infection

There is a need to produce a vaccine against Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals in which immunity against infection is largely based on a type 1, cell-mediated, immune response. The VapA protein of the virulence plasmid of R. equi is highly immunogenic. To assess the potential of vapA-DNA to produce immunity, C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were immunized with a DNA vaccine constructed from vapA incorporated into pcDNA3.1. The plasmid construct expressed VapA in a COS-7 cell line. Intramuscular immunization of mice resulted in enhanced clearance of R. equi from the liver of intravenously challenged mice compared to non-immunized controls. This effect was more marked when pORF-IL-12, a plasmid expressing murine IL12, was included with the vaccine. Antibody developed to VapA, with an IgG2a response being more marked in mice immunized with pcDNA-vapA than in non-immunized or in mice immunized with the mixed vapA and IL-12 plasmid constructs. In conclusion, this study has shown for the first time that DNA immunization with vapA enhances the immune responses of mice against R. equi infection, that the IgG subisotype response is consistent with a type 1-based immune response, and that this can be enhanced by injection of the IL-12 gene.     

猪囊尾蚴T24基因的克隆与表达

采用RT—PCR方法扩增猪囊尾蚴T24免疫原基因，将扩增产物与pGEM—Teasy载体连接，重组质粒经PCR、酶切鉴定后进行测序；构建T24基因的pGEX-4T-1原核表达载体，经IPTG诱导表达后，进行SDS-PAGE、Western—blotting；用所表达的蛋白免疫小鼠，经ELISA检测血清抗体，验证其免疫原性。结果显示，所克隆的T24基因片段长716bp，含有1个678bp的开放阅读框，其编码226个氨基酸，与已报道的猪囊虫T24基因核苷酸序列同源性为100％；表达的融合蛋白大小为40ku，并能被猪囊虫阳性血清识别；免疫小鼠在免疫1周后即可检测到血清抗体，第30d达到较高水平，表明该融合蛋白具有较好的免疫原性。     

膜联蛋白B2基因的克隆及其真核表达载体的构建

根据GenBank已登录的猪囊尾蚴膜联蛋白B2基因序列,设计合成1对特异性引物,应用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术从猪囊尾蚴中扩增出膜联蛋白B2基因,将其克隆至pcDNA3.1表达载体上,经酶切鉴定和基因测序表明,目的基因AnnexinB2已正确地整合至表达质粒中,成功构建了膜联蛋白B2基因的真核表达载体.     

猪囊尾蚴B抗原的克隆及鉴定

本实验从猪囊尾蚴虫体中提取 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ， 根据已发表的 Ｂ 抗原（ Ａｇ Ｂ） 核苷酸序列设计一对引物， 用 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增出 Ａｇ Ｂ 全基因， 以ｐ Ｕ Ｃ１１９ 为载体克隆， 转化到大肠杆菌 Ｊ Ｍ８３ 中， 经分析鉴定所扩增片段为 Ａｇ Ｂ 基因。     

Immune responses to new vaccine candidates constructed by a live attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium delivery system expressing Escherichia coli F4, F5, F6, F41 and intimin adhesin antigens in a murine model

To construct a novel live oral vaccine candidate for the prevention of pathogenic Escherichia coli infections in neonatal piglets, an expression and secretion plasmid and an attenuated Salmonella delivery system were used. The individual E. coli genes K88ac, K99, FasA, F41 and intimin adhesins were inserted into pBP244 containing asd, lepB, secA and secB, and these plasmids were transformed into a Salmonella Typhimurium ΔcpxR Δlon Δasd. Forty female BALB/c mice were divided into four groups, A to D (ten mice per group). Groups A and B were administered with the mixture containing all constructs and the S. Typhimurium containing pBP244 only as a control, respectively. Groups C and D were primed and boosted with the mixture and the S. Typhimurium harboring pBP244 only, respectively. Each recombinant adhesin secreted from the individual candidates was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The serum IgG and secretory IgA (sIgA) titers to individual adhesins in all immunized groups were higher than those in control. Furthermore, IgG and sIgA levels in group C were higher than those in group A, and the IgG1 titers were increased in Group C but IgG2a titers were similar or decreased in Group C compared to Group A. In addition, the vaccine strains were not detected in fecal samples of any immunized mice. The novel vaccine candidates are not only highly immunogenic, but also safe for vaccinated mice and environment. In addition, the immune responses can be more efficiently induced through the booster-administration.