浙江舟山市捕捞渔民转产转业工作的探讨

在中日、中韩渔业协定等众多因素的制约下,面临重重困境,渔民转产转业退出捕捞的"舞台"是一种必然,而渔民的转产转业关系到和谐社会的构建,关系到渔业经济社会的稳定,因此解决好渔民的转产转业问题具有及其重要的意义。本文从客观、主观两个方面及不同层次阐述了舟山捕捞渔民转产转业面临的困境,从社会长远稳定、构建和谐社会等方面进行分析并从战略实施的角度提出了相应的解决策略。     

关于沿海渔民转产转业工作之探讨

在渔业深化改革进一步发展过程中，沿海渔民转产转业工作在新形势下遇到的新问题。如何对待体制改革问题?如何认识这个问题，众说纷云，本文作者结合当地实际，就沿海渔民转产转业工作等问题作扼要探讨。     

中国渔民转产转业问题研究综述

21世纪是海洋开发和利用的世纪,但无序、无度的海洋开发利用对近海渔业资源压力加大,渔民失业、返贫现象严重,渔民的转产转业问题是目前海洋管理的历史性难题。本文对渔民转产转业相关问题研究的文献资料进行了较为系统和全面的总结归纳,试图从多角度探析其存在的主要问题和目前研究比较关注的方面,并尝试就此提出关于渔民转产转业理论未来研究方向的建议。     

山东半岛沿海渔民转产转业的路径选择

近年来,由于我国近海渔业资源不足与捕捞力量过剩之间的矛盾,山东半岛沿海渔民转产转业问题越来越受到关注。文章依据山东半岛渔业及相关产业的发展特点和规律,对山东半岛沿海渔民转产转业的路径进行探讨和分析,提出以海水养殖业、水产加工业、滨海旅游业、休闲渔业等传统和新兴产业为主的路径选择。同时结合实际提出了实现山东半岛渔民转产转业的四项关键措施。     

广东省沿海渔民转产转业难度分析及对策

本文通过对广东省沿海各市调查研究与统计年鉴有关数据分析，从南海海区渔业资源现状、广东省捕捞行业的特殊性、渔民教育文化水平与社会经济条件及其他行业的就业前景等几个方面分析了广东省沿海渔民转产转业的难度。并从发展渔区经济、开拓渔民就业新领域及人大议案实施等方面探讨一些解决对策。同时，倡导政府大力扶持、引导沿海渔民转产转业。     

浅谈渔民增收途径及面临的问题

目前,我国多数沿海地区面临近海渔业资源衰退、渔业捕捞空间不断缩小、渔民收入减少、船多鱼少的矛盾,国家已对很多渔民实施转产转业政策,下面结合我区实际情况对沿海地区渔民增收途径谈一点看法。     

大连市旅顺口区捕捞渔民弃船转养殖

大连市旅顺口区政府针对近海渔业资源逐渐减少，特别是从事定置网生产的渔民收入越来越少的实际情况，出台《旅顺口区捕捞渔民转产转业实施意见》，鼓励渔民弃船从事养殖生产，适当给予资金补贴。渔业部门深入到各沿海镇街进行调研，商讨转产渔民走出困境的新路子。江西街道董家村海域定置网地具备增养殖魁蚶，浮筏养殖栉孔扇贝条件，在政府部门的协调指导下，     

辽宁省渔民转产转业工作取得阶段性成果

自2002年实施渔民转产转业工作以来，我省各级政府及渔业主管部门，认真贯彻国家关于实施捕捞渔民转产转业政策，压缩捕捞强度，控制捕捞增长，把渔民“两转”工作作为当前一项重要工作来抓。在具体实施“两转”工作中，将着眼点放在帮助引导渔民转产就业开辟新的生产门路上面来，正确认识处理好减与增、多与少的辨证关系。从拓宽转产渔民就业的门路入手，开辟转产后的就业渠道，吸引更多的人参与减船转产。     

对捕捞渔民转产搞海上运输的几点建议

渤海由于污染严重和捕捞过度,水产资源匮乏且逐年减少,有的经济鱼类即将绝迹,所以保护海上资源,渔民转产转业势在必行。但是渔民转产干什么,他们依靠地处沿海、有船有港、熟悉海况等人文优势,首先想到了搞海上运输,而且有的已取得了非常好的经济效益。这对沿海经济的发展起到了积极的拉动作用,对沿海渔民在海洋水产资源出现匮乏的今天,如何实实在在的致富也是一条出路。但也存在一些问题。如有的群众在     

浅析捕捞渔民转产转业的难点及对策

在调查研究的基础上,总结温州市海洋捕捞渔业在转产转业中所取得的成效,分析目前存在的难点问题,提出对策与措施,以供有关部门决策参考。     

Indicators to support an ecosystem approach to fisheries

Indicators are needed to support the implementation of an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF), by providing information on the state of the ecosystem, the extent and intensity of effort or mortality and the progress of management in relation to objectives. Here, I review recent work on the development, selection and application of indicators and consider how indicators might support an EAF. Indicators should guide the management of fishing activities that have led to, or are most likely to lead to, unsustainable impacts on ecosystem components or attributes. The numbers and types of indicators used to support an EAF will vary among management regions, depending on resources available for monitoring and enforcement, and actual and potential fishing impacts. State indicators provide feedback on the state of ecosystem components or attributes and the extent to which management objectives, which usually relate to state, are met. State can only be managed if the relationships with fishing (pressure) and management (response) are known. Predicting such relationships is fundamental to developing a management system that supports the achievement of objectives. In a management framework supported by pressure, state and response indicators, the relationship between the value of an indicator and a target or limit reference point, reference trajectory or direction provides guidance on the management action to take. Values of pressure, state and response indicators may be affected by measurement, process, model and estimation error and thus different indicators, and the same indicators measured at different scales and in different ways, will detect true trends on different timescales. Managers can use several methods to estimate the effects of error on the probability of detecting true trends and/or to account for error when setting reference points, trajectories and directions. Given the high noise to signal ratio in many state indicators, pressure and response indicators would often guide short‐term management decision making more effectively, with state indicators providing longer‐term policy‐focused feedback on the effects of management action.     

渔业生态系统方法简述

考虑到生态系统状态对渔业的重要影响,渔业生态系统方法(Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries,EAF)把对生态的关注加入渔业管理框架中,并以生态系统管理和渔业管理2个理论为基础,扩展了传统渔业管理的框架:以生态系统健康与人类福利的依存关系为基础,关注多物种管理,均衡生态、人文和制度3个维度的目标,实现渔业的可持续发展。本研究介绍了EAF的由来、定义、基本原则以及功能要素,概述了EAF的实践基础和模型构建的技术路径,对比了EAF与EBFM的异同。虽然EAF的理论和实践仍处于完善和发展阶段,但确为渔业管理的发展方向,介绍EAF对促进我国渔业可持续发展具有重要意义。     

关于促进渔民增收的几点思考

渔民收入倍增既然是一项工程,必然要历经复杂、漫长的过程,并不是一朝一夕就能实现的;但实现这一目标也并非遥遥无期,这个期限是按照“两个率先”的时序要求,实现全面小康目标确定的。要实现这一目标关键是渔业经济要得到快速发展,渔民劳动力转移要有新的突破。     

Constraints to polyculture

Patterns of rearing several compatible aquatic food species together (polyculture) in fresh, brackish and salt water are discussed. Emphasis is on technologies that seize on compatibilities of the organisms for spatial and/or temporal cohabitation and on adaptation to different markets. In fresh water, use of avian or mammalian stock is included. Constraints discussed comprise water quality and quantity as well as some aspects of technical infrastructure. Also, present land and water management conditions in tropical Asia whence most examples are taken, except for Japan, suggest that best gains can be made not by creating new installations but by upgrading existing ones through large scale establishment of hatcheries and through the improvement of management skills.