高粱新型细胞质雄性不育系A_3180A的选育

利用高粱非迈罗细胞质A3TX398为不育源,以铁恢180为基础材料经连续6代回交转育,于2004年育成新型细胞质雄性不育系A3180A,试验与研究结果表明:该系具有育性稳定,配合力高,综合农艺性状优良等特点,为高粱杂交种的选育开辟了新途径,对A1、A2型保持系的提前测定提供了有效方法。     

高粱核质互作型雄性不育体系研究的最新进展——Ⅰ雄性不育系的育性反应

高粱杂种优势利用的支撑体系是核质互作型雄性不育性。高粱杂交种单产的大幅提升与核质型雄性不育系的遗传改良密不可分。迄今,已育成A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、A6和9E 7种不同细胞质的雄性不育系。雄性不育的细胞质因子已标记在线粒体DNA（m tDNA）上,采用线粒体基因组RFLP技术能区分不同的雄性不育细胞质。用高粱材料测定不同高粱细胞质不育性的育性反应,形成了不同细胞质雄性不育体系。     

高粱异胞质雄性不育研究进展与展望

对近几年来高粱细胞质雄性不育的育性反应、育性遗传、生理生化、胞质效应等方面的研究,以及在生产中的应用情况进行了综述,并对高粱细胞质雄性不育在育种和生产上的应用前景进行了展望,认为开辟A3型细胞质源以及A4、9E、A5、A6型等不育细胞质源,选育异胞质雄性不育系,将会在育种与生产中有重要的利用价值.     

A3、A4细胞质对甜高粱产量及其重要性状的影响

高粱杂种优势利用是以细胞质雄性不育为前提,通过利用细胞质雄性不育的“三系”配套而实现的,也是不育化育种以及杂种优势利用的主要途径。试验对可诱导高粱雄性不育的细胞质A1、A2、A3、A4开展甜高粱细胞质雄性不育研究,对于提高杂交高粱产量、品质、种子纯度,拓宽种质资源利用范围,实现异质高粱杂交种在生产中的应用提供一定的依据。     

应用A3细胞质选择优良高粱母本

高粱细胞质核雄性不育的发现,导致了粒用高粱杂交种的经济和商品化生产。迈罗细胞质与卡佛尔细胞核基因组结合出现不育。这个系统目前称为迈罗或A1细胞质核雄性不育,更普通的叫法是A1细胞质雄性不育。在A1和其它已经鉴定出来的高粱细胞质雄性不育系统内,有三种类型系。A系有诱导     

异细胞质不育系在黑龙江省高粱育种中的应用研究初探

利用黑龙江省高粱生产上应用的主要杂交种的恢复系对相应异胞质雄性不育系进行测配,并对杂交后代的育性反应及主要农艺性状进行测定。结果表明,不同细胞质不育系的育性反应不同,但后代的主要农艺性状无显著变化,A3、A6细胞质雄性不育系有被利用的可能。     

高粱不同雄性不育细胞质育性反应及育性恢复基因遗传规律

研究了高粱不同雄性不育细胞质的育性恢复情况和育性恢复基因的遗传方式。结果表明，不同雄性不育细胞质的育性恢复受不同的显性主效单基因控制，任何一对显性主效单基因都不能同时恢复２个或２个以上雄性不育细胞质的育性。     

甘蓝型油菜胞质雄性不育系212A的选育与研究

在Ledos字兴?号后代材料中发现5株雄性不育株,经与中双2号自交系212B保持,育成了细胞质雄性不育系212A和保持系212B.通过人工套袋自交、剥蕾授粉自交及镜检观察,认为不育系212A属稳定型细胞质雄性不育系,产生的原因可能与低温时期的死蕾现象有关.恢保关系的研究表明,212A胞质雄性不育系与pol CMS、陕2A CMS恢保关系相同.遗传研究表明,测交F2育性为可育与不育3∶1分离;用恢复系回交(BC1)后代全可育,无育性分离;用保持系回交,后代育性为可育与不育1∶1分离.初步认为控制不育系的基因为S(rr),保持系基因为N(rr),恢复系基因为N(RR)或S(RR),属1对核基因控制的细胞质雄性不育系.     

印水型优质粳稻不育系粳67A的选育

粳67A是辽宁省水稻研究所育成的中熟粳稻不育系,细胞质为印尼水田谷型,败育时期早(单核期),花粉败育彻底,育性稳定,开花习性好,配组杂种优势强。2016年通过辽宁省农作物品种审定委员组织的技术鉴定。     

高梁种质资源的创新和利用

高梁品种遗传改良取得的成果很大程度上取决于占有的高梁种质资源的数量,以及对其主要性状的鉴定、创新和利用。在高粱育种史上,品种改良的突破性进展,往往都是由于找到并利用了具有关键基因的种质。目前,已创造和选育出7种不同细胞质雄性不育系,其育性反应各不一样。除A．细胞质不育系组配的杂交种得到广泛应用外,A：细胞质不育系的杂交种在生产上应用,A,细胞质不育系在甜高粱杂交种上应用。籽粒优质、茎秆高糖、低氰氢酸、抗病虫、抗杂草、抗干旱等抗性种质资源也得到了创新利用。     

SILAGE AND MILK PRODUCTION. A COMPARISON BETWEEN A DIPLOID AND A TETRAPLOID RYEGRASS

Two grass silages made in May and two made in August were compared in a 16-week winter-feediag experiment with 12 Ayrshire cows. The silages were fed ad lib. with a supplement of barley and groundnut cake. One of the silages made ia May and one made in August consisted of S24, a diploid variety of perennial ryegrass, and the other two of Reveille, a tetraploid variety of the same species. The silages made from Reveille had a higher content of lactic acid and a lower pH than those made from S24. The contents of digestihie organic matter in the silage DM made in May and August were 71.9 and 63.2%, respectively, for RevelUe and 68.7 and 60.9% for S24. Silage and total DM intakes were higher in the treatments where Reveille silages rather than S24 silages were fed. The mean daily milk yields from cows fed on the silages made in May and August were 39.6 and 34.5 lb (18.0 and 15.7 kg), respectively, for Reveille, and 38.0 and 34.1 lb (17.3 and 15.5 kg) for S24. The solids-not-fat (S.N.F.) and the crude protein contents of the milk averaged 8.64 and 3.29%, respectively, for Reveille, and 8.56 and 3.22% for S24. It is concluded (hat the silages made from Reveille were superior to those made from S24 as a feed for dairy cows.     

A LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE GRASS-DRYING ENTERPRISE

A linear programming model of a high-temperature grass-drying enterprise is described. From information about seasonal crop response, area of crop available and management constraints, the model determines the harvesting schedules which give greatest returns, less costs, from the enterprise over the season. This information can be used to examine the effects of long-term strategic decisions or to evaluate economically data on new crops from field experiments. For example, assuming a fixed cost of λ70,000/year for a high-temperature grass-drying installation and what is considered to be reliable input data for 1972, the returns less costs for optimum harvest schedules from different areas or crop varieties are:

Development of A dormancy release technology: A review

Tuber dormancy can be released immediately in many commercially important potato cultivars by brief treatment (1-2 days) with bromoethane (BE) vapor at room temperature. The development of a large scale technology for BE application and safe removal through a capturing technique is necessary for successful application of this dormancy release method. Ideally, BE treatment of seed tubers would occur in a closed environment that would capture BE vapor in an unaltered form and allow controlled release for treatment of subsequent tuber lots. Results of screening studies for adsorbents indicate that the medium capacity activated carbon adsorbent, YAO has: i) a high capacity for BE; ii) a low capacity for water; and, iii) adsorbs and de-adsorbs BE quickly and easily. A plausible design of a large scale, dormancy release facility is presented. The proposed facility should meet present goals of the seed potato industry in an environmentally responsible manner.     

A MANAGEMENT STUDY OF A BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL STRAIN TRIAL

A study of birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.) variety trial management was conducted with three variables, variety, stubble height and harvest date. The range in maturity for the three varieties used was 12-14 days. All plots were harvested thrice per season. The harvest dates for the two management regimes imposed differed by about two weeks for the first cut, by about one week for the second and were identical for the third cut. Stubble heights were two and six inches (5.08 and 15.24 cm).
Late-cut material outyielded that cut early, but suffered more winter damage. Material cut at a stubble height of two inches (5.08 cm) outyielded that cut at six inches (15.24 cm), but it also suffered more winter-killing. The ranking of varieties varied with management.
Alternative management schemes, designed to provide maximum yields and survival consistent with good-quality forage, are proposed and discussed.     

A COMPARISON BETWEEN A PADDOCK SYSTEM AND A 'WYE COLLEGE' SYSTEM OF GRAZING FOR MILK PRODUCTION

Two grazing systems, a paddock system and a ‘Wye College’ system, were compared in two 20-week experiments nsing 16 and 20 spring-calved Ayrshire cows in 1970 and 1971, respectively. A sward of S23 perennial ryegrass was used, and an average of 342 kg N/ha (305 lb N/ ac) was applied per annum. The paddock system had 28 separate paddocks; one paddock was grazed each day in rotation and occasionally topped in mid-season. The Wye College system had 4 plots of equal size and the cows were offered 1/7 of one plot each day; no back fence was used and surplus herbage was neither cut nor topped. The stocking rate on hoth systems was 1 cow per 0.20 ha (0.49 ac) in 1970 and per 0.16 ha (0.40 ac) in 1971. The mean daily milk yields per cow on the paddock and the Wye College systems were 16.2 and 15.3 kg (35.7 and 33.7 lb), respectively, in 1970; and 18.1 and 18.4 kg (39.9 and 40.6 lb) in 1971. The average annual output of milk was 13,500 and 13,150 kg/ha (1200 and 1170 gal/ac) on the paddock and Wye College systems, respectively. The fat and solids-not-fat (S.N.F.) contents of the milk were not significantly affected by the grazing system. It is concluded that the Wye College system was as effective as the paddock system in producing a high output of mUk per ha, but at a lower cost and with far fewer management decisions.     

广东育成无垩白软型优质籼稻不育系粤丰A

粤丰Ａ是由广东省农科院水稻研究所于1998年育成的国内第一个无垩白、低直链淀粉含量(14.3%)、软胶稠度(92ｍｍ)、低糊化温度(碱消值7.0)和香味浓的特优籼型三系不育系。该不育系千株群体不育株率为100%,花粉不育度为99.99%,柱头外露率达88.1%,稻瘟病全群抗性比达中抗水平。2000年10月在广州通过了由来自扬州大学、国家水稻改良中心、国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心等单位著名专家的技术鉴定。专家组一致认为该不育系综合性状优良、不育性稳定、配合力强、异交结实率高、品质改良有重大突破,研究成果达国内外领先水平;其投入生产应用对推动我…