Preparation of Magnetic Activated Carbon

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磷酸氢二铵活化法制备活性炭的研究

以杉木屑为原料,采用磷酸氢二铵活化法制备活性炭。讨论了预处理温度、浸渍比和活化温度对活性炭碘吸附值的影响。结果表明,随着预处理温度、浸渍比和活化温度的升高,活性炭的碘吸附值均呈先升后降的趋势。在较佳生产工艺条件下:预处理温度160℃,浸渍比1.25:1,活化温度450℃,活性炭的碘吸附值达到930.2mg·g^-1。     

稻草原料表面特性FTIR和XPS分析

运用红外光谱(IR)和X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)法，考察了热磨处理对稻草表面特性的影响。结果表明：稻草秸秆内表面的活性基团数量和氧碳元素百分比都明显高于外表面；经热磨处理，稻草纤维表面的羟基、甲基、亚甲基等官能团含量显著增加，氧碳元素百分比相对秸秆表面有大幅度提高，证明热磨处理能增强稻草表面活性，为脲醛树脂稻草中纤板制造的技术可行性提供了依据。     

核桃壳制活性炭的工艺研究

研究了以核桃壳为原料,采用氯化锌活化法制取活性炭的最佳工艺条件,并探讨了制备过程中几个主要影响因素对活性炭吸附性能的影响。     

硼酸催化制备木屑活性炭工艺及孔结构特征

以木屑为原料,磷酸为活化剂,硼酸为催化剂制备活性炭。通过正交实验考察了活性炭制备过程中磷屑比、硼酸添加量,活化温度和活化时间等因素对活性炭性能的影响。实验结果表明:生产活性炭的最佳工艺条件为磷屑比为1.5∶1,硼酸的添加量为1%,活化温度是400℃,活化时间为60 min,此时活性炭的得率为33.5%,亚甲基蓝吸附值为225 mg/g,碘吸附值为855 mg/g。添加硼酸的制备方法要比传统的用磷酸制备时的条件更加温和,通过调整工艺条件,可以改变活性炭产品的孔隙结构,生产出用于不同环境的液相吸附专用活性炭。     

薄皮核桃壳基活性炭的制备及表征

【目的】以农林废弃物薄皮核桃壳为原料,通过化学活化-高温炭化法制备多孔活性炭材料,优化制备工艺过程,表征吸附性能机理,为薄皮核桃壳的开发利用提供技术指导。【方法】以碘吸附值和亚基甲蓝吸附值为考察指标,进行活化剂的筛选,并进一步考察原料粒度、料液比、活化时间、炭化温度和炭化时间对制备出的活性炭的吸附性能的影响。采用N2吸附-脱附等温线、元素分析仪和FTIR测定了活性炭的孔隙结构、主要元素组成和表面官能团,扫描电镜分析形貌结构,XRD和TG分析活性炭的结晶度和热稳定性。【结果】选用磷酸为最佳活化剂,薄皮核桃壳活性炭的最佳制备工艺条件为:核桃壳粉100目、料液比1:4、活化时间120 min、炭化温度500℃、炭化时间60 min,此工艺条件下制备出的活性炭的碘吸附值为657.42±3.16 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为248.55±1.94 mg/g。制备出的活性炭的表面积为449.80 m2/g,具有丰富的孔隙结构,孔容积为1.11 m2/g,平均孔径为7.87 nm。碳元素含量为65.56%,结晶度不高,为无定型结构,活性炭在400℃左右发生热降解,主要含有羧基、酚基、醇羟基等活性官能团。【结论】采用磷酸活化法制备出的薄皮核桃壳活性炭的孔隙结构发达,具有良好的吸附性能,碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值均高于国家标准,具有将废弃物资源循环利用的价值和前景。     

微波等离子体处理木材表面接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯的XPS分析

应用X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术，对微波等离子体引发木材与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)发生接枝共聚反应前后的木材表面结构及物理化学特性进行了分析。分析表明：1)微波等离子体处理使木材表面O／C原子比增加，C1含量降低，而C2、C3含量增加，并有C4峰的出现，这表明经微波等离子体处理后木材表面产生了大量的含氧官能团或过氧化物；2)微波等离子体接枝材表面的O／C比有所增加，但介于素材与微波等离子体处理材之间，C18谱峰主要变化是强C4峰的出现，这表明木材表面产生了大量的O-C=O官能团；3)微波等离子体接枝材的O1／O2值基本接近1，大于素材(0．11)和微波等离子体处理材(0．21)的值，说明接枝材表面的C=O含量大幅度增大。以上结果表明木材表面接枝上了大量的MMA分子。     

Analysis of chemical structure of wood charcoal by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Wood charcoal carbonized at various temperatures was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometry to investigate the changes of chemical structures during the carbonization process. From the infrared spectra, the carbon double bonds and aromatic rings were seen to form at a carbonization temperature of about 600°C. From the XPS spectra, the ratio of aromatic carbons increased in the temperature range 800–1000°C and over 1800°C. The condensation of aromatic rings proceeded as carbonization progressed. The drastic reduction of electrical resistivity of charcoals was observed in almost the same temperature range. It was found that the condensation of aromatic rings had some relation to the decline in electrical resistivity. Wood charcoal carbonized at 1800°C was partly graphitized, a finding supported by the results of X-ray diffraction and XPS. The functional groups containing oxygen diminished with the increase in carbonization temperature.This paper was presented at the 45th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society in Tokyo, April 1995 and at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society in Kochi, April 1997     

“粉末炭活性污泥法+Fenton试剂”强化处理抗生素生产废水的研究

采用"粉末炭活性污泥法+Fenton试剂"强化处理抗生素生产废水,与"普通活性污泥法"进行了对比试验。结果表明:"普通活性污泥法"处理抗生素生产废水后有机污染物COD平均浓度为759mg/L,平均去除率89.1%,达不到该药厂废水排放标准,而"粉末炭活性污泥法+Fenton试剂"强化处理抗生素生产废水后有机污染物COD平均浓度186mg/L,平均去除率为97.3%,完全达到该药厂排放标准。     

银杏活性炭对4种有毒气体和铅镐离子的吸附作用

为了验证银杏活性炭的吸附效果,分别采用静态吸附法和动态吸附法,研究了银杏活性炭对部分有毒气体及铅、镉两种重金属离子的吸附作用.结果表明:银杏活性炭对甲醛、苯、氨气、三氯甲烷这4种气体的吸附能力都较强,其对甲醛的吸附能力最强.吸附率可达到140%;银杏活性炭吸附铅、镉离子的效果也较好,对铅离子的吸附量接近200 mg·g...     

微波等离子体处理木材表面光电子能谱分析

XPS是固体木材表面组成分析最有效和最灵敏的工具之一。本研究使用XPS研究木材微波等离子体处理前后表面化学组成的变化。经微波等离子体处理后 ,C1的含量降低而C2 、C3含量增加 ,并伴随C4生成 ,表明纤维素和 /或木素上羟基含量的增加。微波等离子体处理还在木材表面引入了N元素 ,推测有亲水的 -NH2 生成。比较了相同工作条件下 ,N2 、O2 及空气等离子体对木材表面化学组成影响 ,结果表明 :O2的影响最显著而N2 最弱 ,氧的影响还存在其特殊性。     

磁性活性炭制备及在水体中的应用研究进展

指出了磁性活性炭具有能够快速固液分离的优点。简述了两步法、一步法以及水热法制备磁性活性炭的研究现状。分析探讨了各种制备方法对磁性活性炭性能的影响、优缺点,总结了当前研究中存在的问题,并对其未来发展进行了展望。以供参考。     

Preparation of activated carbon fibers with large specific surface area from softwood acetic acid lignin

Softwood acetic acid lignin (SAL) free from a high-molecular-mass fraction could be spun at 220°C by a spinning machine equipped with an extruder. Although the resulting fibers required thermostabilization, this step could be conducted with a faster heating rate than that for fibers obtained from hardwood acetic acid lignin (HAL). The thermostabilized SAL fibers were converted to activated carbon fibers (ACF) by carbonization in a stream of nitrogen at 1000°C, followed by steam activation at 900°C. At an activation time of 40 min, the SAL-ACF had a larger specific surface area than the corresponding HAL-ACF. When the activation time for SAL carbon fibers was prolonged to 80 min, the adsorption capacities of resulting ACF against iodine and methylene blue were markedly increased, as was the surface area of the ACF. It was found that SAL-ACF had adsorption properties comparable to those of high-performance commercial ACF. Also, it had a tensile strength equal to that of a pitch-derived ACF.Part of this work was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

山核桃壳制吸附汽油蒸气的载体活性炭试验

以山核桃壳为原料，采用磷酸活化法活化，经过浸渍、膨胀塑化、炭化、活化、漂洗和烘干等工序制得汽油蒸气吸附载体活性炭。采用正交试验方法，研究了磷酸浓度、炭化温度、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明，较优的制炭工艺条件为：磷酸浓度85％，膨胀塑化130℃，炭化温度250℃，活化温度480℃，活化时间120 min。在较优工艺条件下制得活性炭试样，它的丁烷工作容量为13.55 g/100 mL，25℃时汽油蒸气吸附量为605 mg/ g，BET 比表面积为2215.37 m2/ g，孔容积为1.4247 cm3/ g。     

活性炭处理环己酮废水研究

研究了活性炭对废水中环己酮的吸附规律,结果表明：在吸附温度为20℃时,动态吸附饱和时间为60min,对于环己酮浓度为2.0g/L的废水,活性炭最佳加入量为20g/L,吸附最佳pH值为5,活性炭对环己酮的吸附符合Langmuir等温模型。     

活性炭对半乳甘露低聚糖的脱色研究

旨在通过活性炭对半乳甘露低聚糖溶液进行脱色精制,从而提高半乳甘露低聚糖的纯度.首先,运用单因素试验和正交试验方法,获得最佳的脱色条件,最后对脱色后的产物进行红外分析及吸附等温线的测定.研究发现:相比于粉末活性炭和柱状活性炭,颗粒活性炭的选择性脱色精制效果最佳,因此选择颗粒活性炭进行下一步的单因素试验和正交优化试验.首先...     

活性炭对甲醛吸附的研究

通过活性炭生产工艺对甲醛吸附的影响实验、活性炭吸附甲醛对比实验及活性炭在室内净化空气应用试验可以看出,研制出的新品种活性炭对甲醛吸附是竹活性炭的4倍、椰壳活性炭的1.5倍,动态吸附甲醛率为90.6%,用于室内净化甲醛达到国家室内空气质量标准(≤0.10 g/m3)。活性炭对甲醛的静态吸附和动态吸附试验表明,在用活性炭净化室内空气时,让室内空气流动,对去除甲醛是有利的。     

脂松香热氧化机理的研究

用CIE色度系统L a b 值和X 射线光电子能谱仪测定了松香颜色和含碳基团随热处理温度与时间的变化。分析结果表明松香颜色由其异构和氧化程度所决定。松香经环氧化再形成羟基是其氧化的主要途径之一。羰基的形成是松香变红的主要原因     

不同结晶指数纤维素的X射线光电子能谱分析

以离子液体处理纤维素得到不同结晶指数(Icr)的纤维素样品。对所得样品首次采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的C1 s能谱图与O1 s能谱图,来分析不同结晶指数纤维素分子的化学状态。结合纤维素固体核磁共振(CP/MAS13C NMR)的分析结果可知,纤维素的C2峰及O1 s1峰与纤维素大分子中的氢键关系密切,其峰面积相对含量与纤维素的Icr值呈现高度相关性,相关系数分别为r10.9992和r20.9679。     

Preparation of activated carbon moldings from the mixture of waste newspaper and isolated lignins: mechanical strength of thin sheet and adsorption property

To expand the utilization of waste newspapers and lignin, activated carbon (AC) sheets, as an example of AC moldings, were prepared from those mixtures. The isolated lignins used were softwood and hardwood acetic acid lignins (SAL and HAL), softwood kraft lignin (KL), and wheat-straw lignin (WSL). The mixtures were molded into precursory sheets by thermal compression and then converted to AC sheets by carbonization and steam activation. The flexural strength of the precursory sheets was dramatically improved by additing the lignins compared to that of sheets without lignin. The strength of several sheets was more than 25 MPa. This suggested that lignins act as adhesives. SAL and HAL sheets with 40% newspaper were strengthened by the carbonization, whereas the strength of other lignin sheets was depressed. Finally, the AL-based AC sheets showed higher flexural strength (>6MPa) than others. Most of the AC sheets had adsorption ability comparable to that of commercially available AC powder and granules. The capacities were almost independent of paper content. Among the AC moldings tested, the AL-based AC sheets showed the fastest adsorption top-chlorophenol. Thus, viable AC moldings can be prepared from lignin-wastepaper mixtures, particularly SAL and HAL.