不育系T55A特征特性及高产制种技术

生产上应用的籼型不育系龙特甫A,具有配合力强、异交率高等特点,用其配组的特优系列组合杂种优势强、产量高、丰产性好.但南于龙特甫A的育性不稳定,杂种后代易出现杂株率超标,生产安全性不稳定,在生产中常因种子纯度问题给农业制种带来麻烦,为改变这种隋况,龙岩市引进了昌丰A、谷丰A、T55A等多个不育系进行观察、试制,其中T55A不育系表现配合力强、育性稳定,所配组合种子纯度高,     

优质杂交早稻新组合T优7882的选育初报

以地谷B与龙特甫B和珍汕97B复交，选育出优质、柱头外露率高的株系，并与珍汕97A连续多代回交，育成不育系T78A。T78A米质优，不育性稳定、柱头外露率高、异交特性好、配合力强。用T78A与明恢82配制成的杂交早稻组合T优7882，具有品质优良，产量高等特性。该组合于2000年和2001年2a参加龙岩市区试，产量均列参试组第一名，2a平均比对照汕优77增产5．21％。2000年早季T优7882参加指建省早稻观察圃试验，平均每667m^2产478．02kg，比对照威优77增产4．91％，居14个参试组合的第二位。T优7882丰产性好，品质优于汕82，是一个较有前景的早杂组合。     

培矮64S制种育性敏感期遇异常低温后的育性变化及种子纯度估算

2002年两优培九在建湖县制种333．3hm^2，在培矮64S育性温度敏感期受到连续5d 23℃以下的低温影响。为了及早掌握培矮64S的育性变化程度及准确估算制种纯度，通过大田花粉镜检、隔离盆栽和套袋自交等方法，结合其它因素综合分析，提出了F1代种子纯度的估算方法。种子纯度估算值为96．34％，经福建和江苏的种子部门在海南鉴定，平均为96．52％，只相差0．18个百分点，说明该法在生产实践中具有一定的可行性。     

高产稳产杂交稻新组合T优5570

针对龙特甫A育性不稳定的缺点进行遗传改良,育成了基本上继承了龙特甫A优良特性,但不育性稳定性比其好的新不育系T55A。用它与强恢复系明恢70配组育成的杂交稻新组合T优5570具有特优组合的丰产、稳产和适应性强等特性,并且杂种纯度高,2002年12月通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

晚杂优新组合品比试验结果与分析

为了探讨T55A所配组合与特优组合主要特征特性及其差异。福州市农业学校于2002年晚季从福建农林大学作物科学学院引进8个三系杂交稻组合进行品比试验。试验按省区试规定的标难进行，并对结果进行了产量方差分析，结果表明：福建农林大学作物科学学院对特A育性不稳定的缺点进行遗传改良选育而成的不育系T55A所配的T优5537、T优5570和T优55多系1号具有特优组合的株叶态，杂种优势强、产量高。虽然T优55组合产量比特优组合低些，但均未达到显著水平，具有较好的推广应用前景。     

杂交水稻新组合T优5570的选育与应用

T优5570是福建农林大学作物学院与福建省种子总站合作以自育的T55A不育系为母本 ,明恢70为父本配组而成的杂交稻新组合。该组合不育系配合力突出、异交性好、育性稳定。用T55A与强恢复系明恢70配制的T优5570 ,具有制种纯度高、杂种优势强、丰产性好等特性。一、选育过程1.T55A的选育1992年早季在福州配制单交组合珍汕97B/地谷B ,秋季种植杂种一代。F1 抽穗时用龙特甫B进行复交。复交F1 选株建立株系 ,F4 代开始选株与珍汕97A测交。于抽穗期间 ,从农艺性状与特B相似的株系中选择单株与珍汕97A测交。F5 抽穗期间 ,从每个小区随机取样5…     

杂交水稻新组合T优898的选育与应用

T优898(原名T优55898)系用不育系T55A与恢复系武恢898配组而成的三系杂交水稻新组合,作中稻种植全生育期141d左右,比对照汕优63迟熟1d。该组合群体整齐,分蘖力强,丰产性较好,高产稳产,后期转色好。2006年2月通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

高产杂交水稻新组合T优158

T优158是福建省龙岩龙津作物品种研究所用不育系T55A与恢复系龙恢158配组育成的三系杂交水稻新组合,作晚稻种植全生育期125 d左右,比对照汕优63短2～3 d.该组合群体整齐,分蘖力强,丰产性较好,后期转色好,中抗稻瘟病.2008年3月通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会区域审定.     

杂交水稻新组合T优551高产制种技术初探

杂交水稻新品种T优551是福建农林大学作物科学学院遗传育种研究室与福建省种子总站合作,针对龙特甫A育性不稳定性这一特性,采用遗传改良技术育成的三系不育系T55A与晚R-1进行杂交,配制而成的三系杂交稻新组合.2004年通过了福建省品种审定委员会审定.本文重点介绍了T优551亲本的特征特性及其组合的制种技术,为加速T优551 育种推广提供参考依据.     

用人工冷水池鉴定水稻光温敏核不育系雄性不育起点温度的研究

用人工冷水池与人工气候箱分别对8个水稻光温敏核不育系在它们育志换温敏感期进行5d日均温23.5℃（22－25℃）的冷水与6d日均温23．5℃（19．5－26．0℃）的冷气处理。结果表明：株S－1、陆18S、96－5－2S、139S及康201S在两种低温处理条件下均表现不育，自交结实率与花粉可染率均为0；培矮64S在人工冷气处理条件下也表现不育，自交结实率与花粉可染率为0，但在人工冷水处理条件下表现轻度可育，自交结实率为0．05％，花粉可染率为5．0％；810S与179S在两种低温处理条件下均表现可育，自交结实率为3．7％－18．5％，花粉可染率为4．3％－41．0％，但人工冷水处理条件下的自交结实率与花粉可染率明显高于人工冷气处理条件下的自交结实率与花粉可染率。说明用人工冷水池鉴定水稻光温敏核不育系雄性不育的起点温度是可行的，而且鉴定的灵敏度比人工气候箱更高。根据人工冷水池与人工气候箱鉴定的结果可知：株S－1、陆18S、96－5－2S、139S及康201S的雄性不育起点温度小于23．5℃，培矮64S的雄性不育起点温度在23．5℃左右，而810S与179S的雄性不育起点温度大于23．5℃。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.