半胱胺对中华鳖生长性能和非特异性免疫功能的影响研究

试验研究了半胱胺对中华鳖生长性能和非特异性免疫功能的影响,并对其机理进行了初步探讨。选取750只健康、活泼的中华鳖,平均体重(220±10)g,分成5个组,每个组设3个重复,每个重复50只。对照组基础日粮中不添加半胱胺,其余各组为试验组,半胱胺添加方式及添加量如下:试验Ⅰ组断续添加(每6天添加一次,6000mg/kg);试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组分别每天连续添加500、1000和1500mg/kg。试验期90d。试验结果表明:半胱胺能够提高中华鳖成活率、增重率、摄食率和饲料效率,且连续添加效果好于断续添加,当半胱胺含量达到1000mg/kg时,中华鳖增重率、摄食率和饲料效率达到最高(P<0.05);半胱胺使中华鳖血清胃泌素水平升高,血清生长抑素水平降低;1000mg/kg半胱胺可以显著提高中华鳖肌肉RNA/DNA比率(P<0.05);半胱胺还可以增强中华鳖血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性,但不同添加方式及剂量之间无显著性差异,血清溶菌酶含量在500mg/kg半胱胺添加组最高(P<0.05)。由本试验结果可以看出,半胱胺对中华鳖具有促进生长、增强免疫的作用,是一种良好的生物添加剂,且其适宜添加量为每天连续添加1000mg/kg。     

刘景堂“借”料养鸪效益高

山东省曹县魏湾镇魏东点村农民刘景堂,根据自己探索出的美国鹧鸪各生育期的最佳饲料配方,巧“借”鸡、鸽饲料饲喂美国鹧鸪,用喂一只鸡的饲料可育成5只鹧鸪。1998年,他养殖50只鹧鸪,年孵化商品鸪4300只,获利4.3万元。 美国鹧鸪对饲料的营养要求既不同于肉、蛋鸡,也不同于肉鸽。刘景堂通过两年对美国鹧鸪各生育期饲料配方的大胆实验,经多次调整选配,终于探索出了美国鹧鸪各生育期的最佳饲料配方。对刚出壳     

日粮中添加半胱胺和小肽对肉鸡生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

试验旨在研究半胱胺和小肽对肉鸡生长性能及屠宰性能的影响。试验采用3×3双因子析因设计,选取1日龄1 080羽罗斯308健壮肉鸡,随机分为9个处理,每个处理设4个重复,每个重复30羽肉鸡。半胱胺设0、90、120 mg/kg 3个水平,小肽设0、0.5%和1%3个水平,试验期为42 d。试验结果表明,半胱胺和小肽的肉鸡平均日增重和欧洲效益指数的交互作用显著(P0.05)。日粮中同时添加0.5%小肽和90 mg/kg半胱胺的肉鸡平均日增重和欧洲效益指数最高,分别比对照组显著增高11.36%和25.91%,饲料增重比最低,比对照组显著降低8.60%。添加半胱胺可显著提高肉鸡的半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率(P0.05),腹脂率显著下降(P0.05)。添加小肽对肉鸡的屠宰性能没有显著影响(P0.05)。试验结果表明,饲料中同时添加0.5%小肽和90 mg/kg半胱胺可显著提高肉鸡的生长性能和屠宰性能。     

半胱胺对银狐饲料消化能力的影响

为研究半胱胺对银狐饲料消化能力的影响,选用2月龄左右、健康银黑仔狐共106只(53♂ 53♀)。随机分96只(48♂ 48♀)为试验组,10只(5♂ 5♀)为对照组。采用复因子试验设计中的析因试验设计,为二因子有重复的试验设计,一个因子为半胱胺的不同添加剂量,另一个因子为半胱胺的不同添加间隔时间,在每间隔3、5、7和9 d分别按每千克体重添加40、70和100 mg的半胱胺。分别测定了干物质采食量、干物质表观消化率和粗蛋白质表观消化率,为消除不同间隔时间对消化试验的影响,正式试验进行12 d(从2004年8月18日~29日),结果发现每间隔5 d按70 mg/kg体重浓度添加1次半胱胺效果最好,它可使银狐干物质和粗蛋白质表观消化率分别比对照组提高16.19%(P<0.01)和15.97%(P<0.01);试验组银狐干物质采食量比对照组低,其中70 mg/kg体重5 d组可比对照组银狐干物质采食量降低4.65%(P<0.01)。     

半胱胺两种添加方式对育肥猪生产性能的影响

本研究利用半胱胺两种添加方式对育肥猪后期猪生产发育、饲料报酬及经济效益的影响试验.结果表明肥育中后期饲料中半胱胺持续添加和间隔添加两种方式均可促进育肥猪的生长和改善饲料利用率,但组间差异不显著.从经济效益看,间隔添加效果略好于持续添加.     

日粮中添加不同剂量半胱胺对绵羊增重效果的影响

选用48只体重相近(20.38 kg±2.15 kg)、健康无病的小尾寒羊,平均分为4组,分别向基础日粮中添加0、7.5、15、22.5 mg/kgBW的半胱胺(CS),进行为期60天的试验.结果表明在一定的时间内,每天添加适宜剂量的半胱胺可以促进绵羊的生长.以添加7.5 mg/kgBW的半胱胺在促进绵羊生长,提高采食量和饲料转化效率方面效果最佳.随着剂量的升高和时间的延长,促生长作用减弱.日粮添加22.5 mg/kgBW的半胱胺显著降低绵羊的采食量(P＜0.05),对饲料转化效率没有显著影响.     

半胱胺对罗非鱼生长和肝胰脏消化酶活性的影响

研究了饲料中添加不同水平的半胱胺（Cysteamine,CS）对尼罗罗非鱼生长和肝胰脏消化酶活性的影响。试验分别设添加爱渔灵（含半胱胺盐酸盐30%）0（对照组）、300（300组）、600（600组）和900mg/kg（900组）饲料4个组,每一饲料组设3个水族箱,每箱放鱼30尾,日投喂率为体质量的3%,饲养45d。结果表明,半胱胺添加组鱼的体增质量均高于对照组,且300组相对于对照组差异显著;半胱胺添加组的饵料系数均低于对照组,且300组相对于对照组差异显著。胰蛋白酶活性随半胱胺添加量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,300组最高,但组间差异不显著;肝胰脏淀粉酶活性900组最高,组间差异不显著;脂肪酶活性300组最高,组间差异不显著。以上结果显示,饲料中适量添加半胱胺,能提高罗非鱼肝胰脏胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性,由此提高罗非鱼对饲料营养物质的消化能力,以适应机体快速生长的营养需求。     

半胱胺对凡纳滨对虾生产性能的影响

在饲料中添加半胱胺500和1 000 g/t,对26、31、41和75日龄的凡纳滨对虾进行饲养试验,以探讨半胱胺对不同生长阶段凡纳滨对虾生长和饲料效果的影响.结果表明,饲料中添加半胱胺500或1 000 g/t均能提高凡纳滨对虾的生长速度5%～10%,并降低饵料系数11%～13%,不同添加量的促生长效果与养殖密度有关.     

湖羊断奶羔羊日粮基本配方的研制

本研究主要针对湖羊羔羊断奶后生长发育不良现象 ,研究断奶羔羊基本饲料配方 ,并在该配方基础上添加半胱胺以及同一配方不同饲料形态进行饲喂试验。结果表明 ,该配方有较好的饲养效果。试验还显示添加半胱胺在 1个月内效果较好     

复合半胱胺饲料添加剂对小猪生长性能的影响

本试验复合半胱胺是由半胱胺、中草药提取物、左旋肉碱等物质组成。选择断奶小猪进行饲养试验。试验结果表明 ,添加 1 0 0 0mg/kg促生长效果最佳 ,与对照组比较 ,试验组猪只日增重提高 1 4 .81 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,饲料转化率提高 1 0 .5 7% (P <0 .0 5 )。     

半胱胺的动物营养研究进展

半胱胺(cysteamine,CS)作为一种新型的饲料添加剂,通过调节机体激素的变化,从而达到促进畜禽生长的目的,作者系统地综述了半胱胺的生理作用及其作用机理,并强调了其在动物生产中的应用以及在应用过程中应注意的问题。     

几种环保型饲料添加剂对欧洲鳗鲡消化酶活性的影响

选取健康均匀的欧洲鳗苗1000尾,分为5组,每组2个重复,分别在基础料中添加4种环保型饲料添加剂,分析了4种环保型饲料添加剂对欧洲鳗鲡消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,1号饲料添加剂对于提高欧洲鳗鲡消化酶整体效果最好,对中草药原料的配伍进行选择优化,适当添加半胱胺,能显著提高欧洲鳗鲡幼鱼消化酶活性。     

淮南麻黄鸡20周龄体重对早期产蛋性能的影响

将308只淮南麻黄鸡按照20周龄体重以100g为组距从小到大分为5组,分析各体重组与开产蛋重及产蛋前期产蛋率、蛋重和种蛋合格率之间的关系,以确定淮南麻黄鸡20周龄体重的适宜选择标准.结果表明,20周龄体重与开产蛋重呈正相关,在22～35周龄,第3和4组的产蛋率增幅最大,维持时间较长;第1、2、3和4组蛋重增加比较平稳,第5组平均蛋重比第1、2和3组分别高11.05％、9.72％和8.61％(P＜0.05);第3和4组的平均种蛋合格率较高,第3组的平均种蛋合格率比第1组高5.18％(P＜0.05).总体而言,第3和4组能够提供较多的合格种蛋数,淮南麻黄鸡的20周龄体重宜控制在1241～1 440 g之间.     

Influence of Cysteamine on In Vitro Maturation, In Vitro and In Vivo Fertilization of Equine Oocytes

The effect of cysteamine on in vitro nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of equine oocytes collected by transvaginal ultrasound guided follicular aspiration was assessed. Oocytes were matured in vitro with (cysteamine group) or without (control group) cysteamine. The nuclear stage after DNA Hoechst staining, penetration rates after two different in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques (IVF media with ionophore and Hepes buffer with heparin) and the embryo yield following oocyte intra-oviductal transfer were used as a criterion for assessing nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation, respectively. Contrary to the data described in other domestic species, there was no effect of cysteamine on in vitro nuclear maturation, IVF or in vivo embryonic development under our conditions. Ovum pick up yields (52%) and maturation rates (control group: 47% and cysteamine group: 55%) were similar to those previously reported. From 57 oocytes transferred to the oviduct in each group, the number of embryos collected was 10 (17%) in the control group and five in the cysteamine group (9%). Those two percentages were not statistically different (p > 0.05). No effect of IVF technique was seen on the success rate (6%) in each group.     

Cysteamine improves growth performance and gastric ghrelin expression in preweaning piglets

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cysteamine on growth performance of preweaning piglets and gastric expression of ghrelin mRNA in vivo and in vitro. Twelve litters of newborn piglets were allocated randomly to control and treatment groups. From 15 d of age, piglets in the control group were fed basal creep diet, whereas the treatment group received basal diet supplemented with 120 mg cysteamine per kg of diet until weaning on 35 d of age. Body weight gain, creep feed consumption, and diarrhea rates were recorded, and gastric mucosal tissues were collected for quantifying mRNA expression. To evaluate the direct effect of cysteamine on gastric ghrelin expression, primary cultures of gastric mucosal cells isolated from 35-d-old piglets were exposed to cysteamine for 20 h at 0, 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Dietary cysteamine increased (P < 0.05) average daily creep feed consumption and BW gain in preweaning pigs, which was accompanied by reduction in diarrhea rates. At 35 d of age, piglets treated with cysteamine showed increased (P < 0.05) ghrelin and gastrin and decreased (P < 0.05) somatostatin mRNA expression in gastric mucosa. Moreover, dietary cysteamine treatment increased serum concentration of gastrin (P < 0.05). In vitro, cysteamine significantly increased ghrelin mRNA expression in gastric mucosal cells at the concentration of 10 μg/mL. In conclusion, dietary cysteamine is effective in improving the growth performance and health condition of preweaning piglets, which is associated with its stimulatory effects on gastric ghrelin mRNA expression both in vivo and in vitro.     

安徽省部分地区鸡群禽偏肺病毒感染的血清学调查

为掌握禽偏肺病毒(aMPV)在安徽省鸡群中的感染状况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对安徽省合肥、亳州、定远、舒城等地区的9个鸡场、7个不同品种(系)鸡群的296份血液样本进行了aMPV血清抗体检测。结果表明,所有被检鸡场均有aMPV感染,鸡场阳性率最高达100%,最低为20%;各品种(系)鸡均有感染,感染率最高的是青脚麻肉鸡,其次分别为科宝肉鸡、海兰蛋鸡、禽粤黄蛋鸡、淮南麻黄鸡、黄羽土鸡和新广麻肉鸡;其中蛋用型鸡血清样本总体阳性率为88.7%,明显高于肉用和兼用型鸡;公鸡和母鸡血清抗体阳性率均较高。研究结果表明,安徽省鸡群aMPV的感染已广泛存在,且不同地区、品种(系)、用途和性别的鸡群均较严重,应根据感染状况尽早制定相应的防控对策。     

Oxygen tension and medium supplements for in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes cultured individually in a chemically defined medium

The effects of adding cysteamine, EGF, and glucose as an energy substrate under low oxygen tension during in vitro maturation (IVM) were examined to find ways of improving the individual in vitro production (IVP) system in individually cultured bovine oocytes. The basic medium was mSOFaa containing 1 mg/ml polyvinyl alcohol. Immature oocytes were individually cultured in an IVM medium with 10 ng/ml EGF, 100 microM cysteamine, or EGF plus cysteamine under 20% or 5% O(2). Cleavage and blastocyst rates were significantly higher (P<0.05) in IVM culture was under 20% O(2) than in culture under 5% O(2). Under 5% O(2), neither EGF nor cysteamine improved embryonic development. The proportion of matured oocytes was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the presence of 1.5 mM glucose under 20% O(2) (68.6%), and 5.5 mM (66.7%) and 10 mM (65.5%) glucose under 5% O(2). The presence of 5.5 mM glucose significantly (P<0.05) increased the maturation rate compared with the absence of glucose, irrespective of addition of EGF and cysteamine. The addition of cysteamine alone in the maturation medium significantly (P<0.05) increased the intracellular GSH concentration in the oocytes. Also, under 5% O(2) cysteamine and/or EGF significantly (P<0.05) improved the proportions of penetrated oocytes, cleavage and blastocyst formation, which were similar levels to those of oocytes matured under 20% O(2). After vitrification, the re-expanding and hatching rates of blastocysts derived from the individual IVP system containing cysteamine under 5% O(2) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of blastocysts derived from the individual IVP system without cysteamine under 5% O(2) and the group IVP system under 20% O(2). The present study showed that a high glucose level (5.5 or 10 mM) was optimal in IVM culture under low (5%) oxygen tension. The addition of EGF and/or cysteamine to the maturation medium had no positive effect on nuclear maturation, but improved fertilizability, developmental competence and cryoresistance following vitrification, probably due to increased GSH synthesis during the IVM process.     

Pathogenicity of two recent Western Mediterranean West Nile virus isolates in a wild bird species indigenous to Southern Europe: the red-legged partridge

ABSTRACT: West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen whose geographic spread and incidence in humans, horses and birds has increased significantly in recent years. WNV has long been considered a mild pathogen causing self-limiting outbreaks. This notion has changed as WNV is causing large epidemics with a high impact on human and animal health. This has been particularly noteworthy since its introduction into North America in 1999. There, native bird species have been shown to be highly susceptible to WNV infection and disease with high mortalities. For this reason, the effect of WNV infection in North American bird species has been thoroughly studied by means of experimental inoculations in controlled trials. To a lesser extent, European wild birds have been shown to be affected clinically by WNV infection. Yet experimental studies on European wild bird species are lacking. The red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) is a gallinaceous bird indigenous to the Iberian Peninsula, widely distributed in South Western Europe. It plays a key role in the Mediterranean ecosystem and constitutes an economically important game species. As such it is raised intensively in outdoor facilities. In this work, red-legged partridges were experimentally infected with two recent WNV isolates from the Western Mediterranean area: Morocco/2003 and Spain/2007. All inoculated birds became viremic and showed clinical disease, with mortality rates of 70% and 30%, respectively. These results show that Western Mediterranean WNV variants can be pathogenic for some European bird species, such as the red-legged partridge.     

灰胸竹鸡笼养生活习性的观察及体尺指标的测定

对野生灰胸竹鸡(Bambusicola thoracica)的笼养生活习性进行了初步观察,并对竹鸡的体尺指标进行了测定和比较,以便为人工饲养竹鸡提供参考依据。结果表明,舍饲竹鸡在生活习性方面仍然保持有野生时的鸣叫、梳羽、集群等习性。环境因素对竹鸡生活习性的影响较大。在体尺指标方面,雄性体重大于雌性,差异极显著(P<0.01),雄性竹鸡胫长指标、强壮指数均高于雌性竹鸡且差异显著(P<0.05)。其它生理指标雌雄个体差异不大。     

漯河麻鸡品种资源研究进展

漯河麻鸡是河南省畜牧行业首个获农业部认定的国家地理标志保护产品。为了更好地研究和利用漯河麻鸡优良的品种资源,综述了漯河麻鸡的产地和形成历史、种质特征、生物学特性、漯河麻鸡品种资源保护和开发等方面的研究进展。