新植物生长调节剂83008－1对桑叶增产作用的研究初报

新植物生长调节剂８３００８－１对桑叶增产作用的研究初报＊樊汝汶丁雨龙周坚关键词植物生长调节物质、叶片、解剖结构、桑树８３００８－１是南京林业大学从碱法草浆黑液中提取制备的新型植物生长调节剂。它可促进稻、麦、棉增产，针叶树种子发芽和苗木生长。与常用生长...     

几种化学调节剂及其组合对板栗雌花数量及结实性能的影响

用 BR、GA3 、PP3 3 3 、KH2 PO4 、H3 BO3 共 5种化学调节物质进行了叶面喷布试验 ,观察它们在板栗开花结果上的效应。结果表明 ,不同药剂、浓度及药剂组合对板栗母枝平均结果枝数、长度、每结果枝雌花序数 ,母枝平均雄花枝数 ,单果质量 ,三果率和空苞率的影响有明显的差异。综合考虑化学调节物质在提高板栗雌花量和果实产量 ,以及降低空苞率上的试验效果 ,最佳的化学处理为 BR0 .0 1mg· L-1 PP3 3 3 1g· L-1 KH2 PO4 7.5g· L-1 H3 BO3 5.0 g· L-1,可使板栗结果枝数目平均由 1.2个增加至 2 .833个 ,结果枝平均雌花数由 1.56 7个增加到 1.8个 ,平均空苞率由 30 .70 %降至 9.0 3%     

Inhibition of flower bud formation inBetula platyphylla andBetula pendula by gibberellin (GA3) application

Birch (Betula) trees produce a large amount of pollen, which is a cause of serious pollinosis. To control the pollen scattering, we examined the inhibitory effect of gibberellin (GA₃) on flower bud formation of birch. Field-grown trees ofBetula pendula, nine years of age, were treated with a foliar spray of GA₃ (1, 10, and 100 mg L⁻¹),Betula platyphylla trees, 17–23 years of age, were treated with a stem injection of GA₃ (5, 50, and 500 mg per plant) in June or July, 1998. Male flower buds were not observed at the top of new shoots in June, but were observed in July. The number of inflorescence that emerged from randomly sampled branches was counted the next spring. The foliar spray of GA₃ in June at the dose of 10 or 100 mg L⁻¹ decreased the number of inflorescence. Stem injection in June at a dose higher than 50 mg per plant completely inhibited flower bud formation, although it increased bud mortality in some trees. The most effective dose of GA₃ for stem injection to inhibit flower bud formation was between 0.04 and 0.44 mg per cm² of stem cross-section area at breast height. These results indicate that GA₃ applied during the period of floral differentiation markedly inhibits flower bud formation in birch.     

Chemical pre-treatments improve seed germination and seedling growth in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Semecarpus kurzii</Emphasis>: an ethnomedicinally important plant

Semecarpus kurzii Engl. is an important ethnomedicinal plant used for curing tumours, inflammation, fever and pain, and is also a source of iso ricinoleic acid. During the present investigation, effect of chemical pre-treatments on germination and seedling growth revealed significant differences. Different pre-treatments could improve germination and treatment with KNO₃ (9.9 mM) was significantly superior (94%) to the untreated control (76%). Mean daily germination varied among the treatments (0.90–4.14 seeds per day), when compared with 2.27 seeds per day in control. Mean germination time was significantly reduced from 22.14 days (control) to 16.40 days (19.8 mM KNO₃) and 17.16 days (1.45 mM GA₃). Treatment with KNO₃ (19.8 mM) and GA₃ (1.45 and 2.90 mM) significantly reduced the time for 50% germination. Treatment with higher concentrations of GA₃ and KNO₃ exhibited significantly faster germination initiation (11.0 and 12.0 days, respectively) over the control (17.0 days). Seedling vigour index was not improved by pre-treatments. Chemical treatments did not improve shoot growth, collar thickness, or number of seedling leaves; however, root growth was significantly improved over control. Treatment with GA₃ (2.90 mM) promoted leaf elongation but reduced leaf width significantly. Treatment with KNO₃ and GA₃ could be recommended to obtain healthy seedlings for establishing new plantations of this important medicinal plant species.     

赤霉素GA_(4+7)处理下白桦无性系生长及差异基因表达分析

[目的]为研究赤霉素GA4+7对白桦生长的调控机制。[方法]试验利用1个白桦无性系的分株材料,连续2年分别叶面喷施浓度为0.2 g·L~(-1)(T1)、0.4 g·L~(-1)(T2)的GA4+7溶液,对实验苗木的生长情况进行跟踪调查,并对相应顶端生长组织进行转录组测序和差异基因分析。[结果]对2个年份的苗高、地径等性状分析发现,不同处理间苗高与地径的差异均达到显著或极显著水平,GA4+7对高生长有明显的促进作用,2年后的T2白桦苗高较CK提高了19.65%。于6月28日取GA4+7连续处理2年的白桦顶芽开展RNA-seq分析,结果显示:0.4 g·L~(-1)GA4+7(T2)处理与对照(CK)间的差异基因数量最多,即上调表达的基因有181个,下调表达的基因有55个,这些差异基因在叶绿体类囊体膜、红光、远红光及蓝光的细胞响应等方面富集明显。Pathway富集分析显示:氧化磷酸化途径与光合途径中的8条基因呈上调表达,认为施加0.4 g·L~(-1)GA4+7处理后,上述基因的上调表达加快电子传递进程、催化ATP的合成,从而促进白桦光合作用增强,提高苗期生长量。[结论]对白桦外源施加赤霉素GA4+7后,可上调氧化磷酸化途径和光合途径相关基因的表达,进而促进苗木的高和地径生长。研究结果可为白桦生长相关途径基因的克隆提供参考。     

云南甜龙竹和黄竹种子灭菌条件和萌发特性初步研究

目的]筛选云南甜龙竹和黄竹种子最佳表面灭菌条件,研究其萌发特性。[方法]筛选NaClO(2%、3%、4%)与HgCl_2(0.01%、0.1%)最佳消毒浓度组合;采用流水冲洗时间(6、12、18 h)、2%NaClO浸泡时间(5、10、15 min)和0.1%Hg Cl_2浸泡时间(5、10、15 min),设计正交试验实验,探讨2种竹种最佳表面灭菌处理的时间组合,并对竹种分别在滤纸、MS培养基以及经3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡后在MS培养基上的发芽率进行了探讨。[结果]NaClO、Hg Cl_2最佳消毒浓度组合为2%NaClO+0.1%HgCl_2;2种竹种最佳表面灭菌时间组合均为:流水冲洗6 h、2%Na Cl O浸泡10min、0.1%HgCl_2浸泡15 min,经此处理后云南甜龙竹和黄竹的发芽率分别为84.4%、72.2%,污染率分别为18.7%、29.6%。不同处理种子萌发率差异t检验结果显示:2种竹子种子是否经过3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡,对其在MS培养基上的发芽率无显著影响,但种子在MS培养基上的发芽率显著高于滤纸上的发芽率。经相同处理黄竹的发芽率均低于云南甜龙竹。[结论]云南甜龙竹、黄竹最佳表面灭菌组合均为:流水冲洗6 h、2%NaClO浸泡10 min、0.1%HgCl_2浸泡15 min;3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡处理对云南甜龙竹和黄竹种子在MS培养基上的发芽率无显著影响,但MS培养基上种子的发芽率显著高于其在滤纸上的发芽率。     

Primary metabolite mobilization and hormonal regulation during seed dormancy release in Cornus japonica var. chinensis

The combination of gibberellin acid (GA) soaking with moist chilling plays a pivotal role in seed dormancy breaking. However, knowledge involving physiological and biochemical mechanisms for such a response is limited. This work focused on the effects of GA₃ and moist chilling on overcoming seed dormancy as well as the response of endogenous hormones and nutrient reserves to dormancy release in Chinese dogwood (Cornus kousa var. chinensis). Seeds subjected to GA₃ soaking and moist chilling exhibited a high germination percentage (average 97%), and the combination of 500 mg·L^?1 GA₃ soaking for 3 days followed with moist chilling for 50 days was more effective than other treatments. For GA₃ treatments, lipids were initially hydrolyzed during the first stage of moist chilling (0–20 days), resulting in the increase of starch and soluble sugars, while proteins were kept relatively stable. During the second stage (20–50 days), contents of lipids, starch, soluble sugars, and proteins decreased by 46%, 82%, 61% and 59%, respectively. Abscisic acid (ABA) contents and ratios of ABA to GA₃ in GA₃ treatments decreased by nearly 70% and over 90%, respectively, when dormancy was terminated. However, endogenous GA₃ contents in all treatments significantly increased with prolonged moist chilling. The present results provide insight into the metabolic mechanism involving hormonal regulation and mobilization of reserves during the release of seed dormancy in Chinese dogwood.     

Quantitation of gibberellins A9, A1 and A3 in relation to flower bud differentiation in Picea abies

Endogenous gibberellin A₁ (GA₁), GA₃, GA₄ and GA₉ were quantitated in elongating shoots of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] grafts with a good or a poor flowering history. The grafts were grown either in a natural environment outdoors, cool and wet (CW) treatment, or in a greenhouse with elevated temperatures and controlled drought stress, hot and dry (HD) treatment. The GAs were quantitated by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring (GC‐MS SIM) using deuterated GA₁, GA₃, GA₄ and GA₉ as internal standards. Terminal shoots from the second whorl of branches were harvested at 76%, 86% and 96% shoot elongation for the CW treated grafts and at 90% and 99% shoot elongation for the HD treated grafts. The content of GAs in the CW grafts was highest during most rapid shoot elongation, GA₉ being the dominant GA. The levels decreased as shoot elongation ceased. This was also noted for GA‐content in shoots of the HD treated grafts. A comparison of the GA‐amounts at ca. 96% of total shoot elongation for the CW treated grafts and ca. 99% of total shoot elongation for the HD treated grafts revealed that shoots of the good flowering clone had a higher content of GA₉ and a lower content of GA, and GA₃. When comparing the HD treated and CW treated grafts, the shoots of HD treated grafts contained higher concentrations of GA₉ but lower concentrations of GA, and GA₃. Calculating the ratios between [GA₉] and [GA₁] resulted in a ratio of 12.5 and 36.6 for the good flowering clone grown outdoors and in greenhouse, respectively. The same ratios were for the poor flowering clone 1.45 and 3.8 when grown outdoors and in greenhouse, respectively. A higher ratio may indicate a higher capacity of synthezise the importance of flowering GA₄ from GA₉ and a lower conversion of GA₄ to GA₁, thereby favouring the diffentiation to reproductive buds.     

Lateral female strobili production in a Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) clone by exogenous cytokinin application

Application ofN ⁶-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and gibberellin (GA₃) to a grafted Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) clone promoted flowering. BAP (250 mg/l) was sprayed five times to the top of branches in July or September 1992. GA₃ (100 or 500 mg/l) was applied five times to the whole plants by spray treatment during the above period, or GA₃ solution of the same concentration was injected once into a small incision made in the main stem of clone trees at the beginning of July or the middle of September 1992. In May 1993, no apical female strobili were observed at the top of the new shoots in any treatment. However, lateral female and bisexual strobili were produced in the lower part of new shoots by BAP application in September, regardless of GA₃ application. BAP applied in September without GA₃ application was sufficient to produce lateral female and bisexual strobili. In such treatment, production of female and bisexual strobili was 47 and 25, and they occurred in 16 out of 68 new shoots, 11 out of 15 treated branches and 5 out of 5 treated trees. The average number of female and bisexual strobili per new shoot was 1.06. BAP treatment either in July or in September significantly decreased (p<0.05) the production of male strobili. These results indicate that BAP application induces the development of lateral female strobili in Japanese red pine when applied during the period of floral differentiation. A part of this paper was presented at the 105th annual meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society.     

不同生长调节剂处理对卡特兰开花的影响

通过花鞘注射生长调节剂的方法,研究不同浓度的生长调节剂对卡特兰开花和开花性状的影响,结果表明:注射GA₃浓度为60、120 mg·kg^-1,卡特兰盛花期显著提前13.34、22.34 d,萼片、花瓣、花柄和花葶的长度显著增加;注射10 mg·kg^-1的NAA能够使花期提前,花朵显著增大;注射ABA对卡特兰的花期没有影响,注射ABA浓度为40 mg·kg^-1时,开花率下降,花朵缩小。注射60 mg·kg^{-1相似文献}