Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation of the External Flow Around a Car Body with Star-cd

Using the Star cd with UG software, the 3 dimensional external airflow around a car body is numerically simulated.The results are analyzed and discussed. The results show that the air flow adjacent to the lower surface of the car separates immediately at the front of the bottom, and the resulting disturbance makes the boundary layer increase speedy; and that the flow adjacent to the upper surface of the car separates at the very front of the rear window, which makes large part of the tail of the car immersed in the separated flow, and that due to pressure difference and wrapping of main flow, some complicated Vortexes produce in the wake region.     

Pressure Drop and Evaporative Heat Transfer Characteristics of Air-water Bubbling Flow

A new kind of evaporative heat transfer experiment for the cooling process of condensers is conducted. The test coil is immersed in an air-water bubbling layer. The air-water two-phase flow passes through the heating tubes of the coil. Due to the motion of the air bubbles in the water, a thin water film forms on the surface of the heating tubes. As the air bubbles passing by the tubes the water is evaporated into the air. The tubes of coil reject heat to the water film, and the evaporation of the water film then rejects heat to the air bubble stream. This heat transfer mode significantly increases the heat transfer coefficient between tubes and air. The consumption of the power of a water pump can be decreased. Moreover, the airflow rate required is less than that of an air-cooled condenser.The pressure drop of air through air-water bubbling layer and the heat transfer between the tubes and water are experimentally investigated in the paper. The results show that the factors affecting the pressure drop and the heat transfer coefficient involve the pore geometry of sieve plate, the height of the air-water bubbling layer, the air flow rate through the sieve plate and the heat flux of tubes. The heat transfer coefficient between tube and water is two times larger than that of falling film of water on the outer surface of tube.     

Numerical Simultation of the External Flow Around a Car Body

Using the PHOENICS software with CAD, the 3-dimensional airflow around a car is numerically simulated, the wake flow is discussed in detail. The results show that due to the complexity of the body shape and the interaction of the ground, the external flow is very complicated and shows well-developed turbulence. In the wake area, because of the appearance of flow separation and towing vortices, and the formation of the horseshoe vortices, the drag is in general increased.     

Integrated control technology for methane in mining faces

Methane drainage is an effective technological approach to manage methane in an integrated fashion. Based the actual conditions of the 11031 mining face of the Zhongling coal mine in P. R. China, we divided the origin of methane into three categories: methane of the coal mining layer, methane of the adjacent coal layer, and methane in the goaf. Combining current techniques for managing methane in the mining face, we analyzed the effects of seven methods for draining the methane: through the coal layer borehole, the sector borehole, the cross borehole, the high level borehole, the large diameter borehole, the pipe buried in the goaf, and a special return airway. We suggest improvements for implementing integrated control in the three dimensional space by the control principle of dividing the sources. We provide references for other projects.     

Dynamic Heat Transfer Analysis of a Water Storage Roof

On the basis of analyzing the complicate heat and humid exchange between the outdoor air and the water layer of the roof,the authors obtained a heat transfer model and it's transmit matrix. The temperature and heat flux responses of the internal roof surface is greatly lowered than that of non-water layer roof. It can be concluded that the maintenance of a water layer on the roof is a good way to resist the fluctuation of outdoor temperature and significantly reduce the cooling load of a building.     

Analysis of Heat Transfer and Optimal Parameters of Multi-louvered Fin Condenser

The authors conduct the experimental study and optimal computing for the condenser of automobile air conditioner. The especially the properties of heat transfer and flow at the side of air when using shutter fin. The authors the influence of several combinations of fin's geometry parameter to heat transfer and flow resistance. The maximal heat transfer is used as a criterion relation to select the fin's geometry parameters in the same facing air area of condenser. Furthermore, a program is designed to conduct optimal computing, and the computing results are basically consistent with experimental results. It shows that the optimal method is reasonable and the results can be applied to engineering practice.     

Numerical simulation of the influences of catalytic wall on methane combustion characteristics in micro combustor

In order to study the effects of different catalytic walls on combustion characteristics, the premixed catalytic combustion characteristics of methane/air in micro combustor are studied. It lays the foundation for the combustion technology of hydrocarbon fuel in micro engine. Numerical simulation of flow and catalytic combustion in micro combustor was done by using laminar finite rate and second order upwind discretization methods. The results show that when wall temperature,CH4/O2 mole ratio and methane mass flow rate change, the influence of lower catalytic wall on the methane catalytic combustion efficiency is biggest, followed by side catalytic wall, the smallest is upper catalytic wall. The methane catalytic combustion efficiency unit area of lower catalytic wall is about three times of that of upper catalytic wall. The utilization of catalyst on lower catalytic wall is maximal . Therefore, when coating catalyst, the quantity of katalyst on lower catalytic wall should be appropriate more, moderate on the side catalytic wall, as little as possible on the upper catalytic wall. The influence disciplinarian and contribution rate of different catalytic wall on methane combustion have been gained. The optimized strategy of catalyst coating was put forward and reduced the cost of catalytic combustion.     

The effects of wall parameters on CH4 catalytic combustion in micro-channels

The paper uses CFD simulation to investigate the catalytic surface reaction and heat loss characteristics of premixed CH4/air in micro-channels with Platinum catalyst. A 3D model is used with the detailed surface elementary reaction mechanism, which includes the coupled heat transfer of wall and flow domain, solid wall thermal conductivity and the convection and surface radiation between wall and the environment. The results show that the thermal conductivity has a big impact on the uniformity of wall temperature. The convective heat transfer coefficients and the surface emissivity are the key factors to determine the external heat loss of micro-combustor. An increase of wall depth can reduce the external heat loss per unit area, but it increases the total heat loss. The change of the amount of heat loss changes the reaction rate and residence time of mixed gas in the channel, which affect the methane conversion. The research indicates that the material with bigger thermal conductivity is better to fabricate micro-combustors, and the multi-methods are needed to reduce the wall heat loss.     

Experimental study of coalbed methane seepage in fuxin basin

Taking raw coal samples collected from the wangying colliery in Fuxin basin as the research object, the experiment of coalbed methane seepage law is conducted by the triaxial osmoscope and the relationship between effective stress and coal permeability is presented. The experiment results indicate that the coal permeability is of stress sensitivity and tended to decline in exponent with the increment of effective stress, which is consistent with the former research results. The seepage flow curves from experiments demonstrate the nonlinear characteristics under different confining pressures and moisture contents, and it accurately reflecte the effect of coal body deformation on the coalbed methane seepage flow in the experimental process. Therefore considering the influence of effective stress on the coal body deformation, a new motion equation for the nonlinear percolation characteristic of coalbed methane is established. Moreover, the motion equation is correlated well with the experimental data, and the fitting correlation coefficients are above 99.6%.     

A Study Transient on Predictive Calculation Method of on Underground Ventilation Network

The authors developed a computer program of transient predictive calculation method on underground ventilation network. The program approximated a field data set of seasonal cyclic changes of air Temperature and humidity at the inlet to the sine curves, and included sensible heat conduction from rock to air current. The temperature of rock around and airway was calculated by finite difference method. The prediction method can be used to calculate the variation of flow rates, temperatures and humidities of air flow in the airways along underground network.     

The Kinetic Study of Adsorption of Methane on Anthracite and Its Char

The adsorption quantities of methane on anthracite and its char at different tem-perature and time were measured by using volumetric niethod. The corresponding adsorption formula-is presented. The experimental results have shown that the diffusion acti-vation energies of methane in the anthracite and its char are 14.3 kJ/mol and 26. 3 kJ/mol.It issuggested that the diffusion process of methane could be the flow through the micropores in the an-thracite and its char.     

Experimental investigation of electrothermal defrost tubes’ arrangement on heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics of evaporator

The paper presents new arrangement types of electrothermal defrost tubes and manufactures four evaporator samples. Through a wind tunnel refrigeration experimental test-bed, relatively experiments for every sample are carried to study heat transfer and flow resistances characteristics of evaporator. The experiment results show that in experimental face velocity range from 1.5 m/s to 4.3 m/s compared with flat-fin evaporator, the unit area of cooling capacity of DK-8 evaporator increased 28.1% to 36.2%, the fin surface coefficient of heat transfer raises 79.2% to 83.5%, the compressor COP (Coefficient of Performance) improves 38.2% to 46.9%, and the air side flow resistance decreases 5.29% to 18.3% in the same experimental condition and geometric size. The increase amplitude of COP is obviously higher than air side flow resistance. The experimental investigation results prove that it is completely feasible optimized combing defrost design with heat transfer enhancement design.     

Effects of Air Temperature and Humidity on Particle Deposition in a Ventilation Duct

Particle deposition in a fully developed turbulent flow of ventilation duct with a rectangular cross section of 0.3 m×0.2 m and 3 m in length was investigated. The effects of thermophoretic force and air humidity were also considered. Trajectories of 3 000 particles were tracked on the basis of the random walk model from Lagrangian approach. The profile of dimensionless deposition velocity with relaxation time was achieved and the comparison with the previous studies was made with particle size range of 0.01 50 μm and air flow velocity of 5 m/s. It is found that the trend of dimensionless deposition velocity is in agreement with the previous studies and the profile of dimensionless deposition velocity showed a V shaped curve. The effects of temperature and air humidity were also investigated with particle size of 1 μm. Thermophoretic force caused by temperature gradient between air flow and wall surface accelerated particle deposition. Meanwhile, it is also found that the deposition velocity increases with the increase of air relative humidity.     

Characteristics of combustion and NOx emission in lowconcentration coal bed methane boiler retrofitted from coal fired boiler

Coal fired chain grate boiler is retrofitted to coal bed methane boiler. The flow, combustion and NOx emission characteristics of low concentrations methane in the boiler furnace are studied by the numerical simulation and experiments. The results show that the axial velocity reaches the maximum at 0.5 m from the nozzle and declines sharply in the range of -0.4~0.4 m on the width direction. With the heat load increases, the position of highest temperature moves to the rear of furnace and the simulation and experimental results agree well. At the front of the furnace, the obvious bimodal distribution of temperature at low heat load along the width direction is found, but it is a single peak distribution at 100% heat load. At the rear of the furnace, the temperature shows bimodal distribution at all kinds of heat loads. Gas temperature at boiler furnace outlet increases linearly with the increasing of heat load but the experimental results are slightly lower than the simulated results. The NOx is mainly produced in the middle and rear of furnace with high temperature, and the position of NOx peak lags far behind that of temperature peak. With the excess air coefficient increases, the highest furnace temperature and NOx generation increases and then decreases.     

Natural convection heat transfer in the air layer of insulating glass

The numerical simulation with FLUENT software is addressed for the natural convection heat transfer under the conditions of different air layer thickness with 6 mm,9 mm,12 mm,14 mm and 16 mm. The heat transfer rate is compared with that by heat conduction. Gas types, Rayleigh number (Ra),the relative thickness of air layer,δ/H,and the surface (ΔT) are main factors for natural convection heat transfer. The natural convection heat transfer could be approximately regarded as the pure heat conduction in the conditions of above air layer thickness. The heat transfer coefficient of the insulating glass with simulation is approximate to that with empirical calculation.     

Mechanism and application of protection againstoutburst for abrasive water jet slotting technology

Aiming at the status quote of long time for methane extraction and slow speed for laneway excavating in coal seams of Liziya south 2JHJ well, abrasive water jet slotting technology is adopted to improve the methane desorption and increase excavating speed in semi-coal laneway. Through analyzing damage model and protection against outburst mechanism, the process of Coal-Rock Mass being cut and fractured is studied. Through lab test on abrasive water jet cutting coal-bed gangue, a new abrasive water jet cutting device is successfully designed and made and all parameters are determined. It is showed that abrasive water jet can cut through a coal-bed gangue with thickness 60~80 mm and uniaxial compressive strength 62 MPa. After cutting coal seams by abrasive water jet, the surface area for methane is enlarged and then coal seams pressure fell rapidly. Therefore the permeability and desorption of coal seams are greatly increased. The results are as follows: the average productivity of single-hole was enhanced by 2.83 times.     

The Experimental Study of Drying Process of Wet Silkworm Chrysalises

The drying process of wet silkworm chrysalises, which are the subproducts of the silk production industry, is experimentally studied. The mode of forced convection drying with hot air permeating vertically is adopted. The influence of temperature and velocity of the hot air as well as the thickness of the chrysalises layer in the drying process is analyzed on the basis of the experimental results. An experimental relation of exponental model for wet silkworm chrysalises drying process is obtained.     

Visual Experiments on Bubble Growth and Departure at the Open Tip of Two Capillary Tubes Connected with a Gas Chamber

The bubble growth and departure at the open tip of two capillary tubes joined with a gas chamber was investigated by using a high-speed video imaging system. The experimental results showed that the capillary tube with larger size and hydrophilic property act as the liquid flow channel while the one with smaller size and hydrophobic property as the gas flow channel when liquid submerged the tip of the two capillary tubes without internal gas flow. In contrast, the larger capillary tube become a gas flow channel and the smaller one a liquid flow channel when liquid submerges the tip of the two capillary tubes with internal gas flow. The bubble departure period significantly decreases and the bubble departure diameter eeps in gentle increase with the increase of the flow rate of gas injected into the gas chamber. The liquid flow rate in test section has a significant effect on the bubble growth and departure. A larger liquid flow rate led to a higher bubble departure frequency and a larger bubble departure diameter. At a larger liquid flow rate, the bubble growth and departure at the tip of the upstream capillary become faster, which result in the liquid return at the tip of the downstream capillary tube.     

Optimization of Helix Intake Port Based on Numerical Simulation

With numerical simulation, an analysis is done on the three-dimension air flow in the helix intake port of a diesel engine. The anthors acquire the distribution of characteristic parameters of air in the port, such as velocity, pressure, turbulence kinetic energy, as well as the flow coefficient and rotate moment around the erect axes at the outlet. The results of simulation indicate that the negotiability of the port is very good while the ability of forming eddy can be enhanced, so several improve measures have been put forward. Comparing with simulation results of these measures, it finds out that the method of combining increase the distance between the definition curve of volute cavity and central line of valve protruding support as well as increase the eddy shell angle can obviously enhance the ability of forming eddy, which is an efficient and rational method.     

Test and numerical simulation on effect of enhanced coalbed methane drawing by injecting gas under coal mine

In order to improve the extraction effect of ultra-low permeability coalbed methane, injecting and drawing industry test of enhanced coalbed methane recovery is carried out by injecting concentration 78% N2 under 850 m depth coal mine of Tianfu Mining Co. Ltd.,in Chongqing. The experiments of free methane emission, vacuum pumping, side injecting and side emission, side injecting and side drawing and intermittent injecting are tested under the condition of single hole and multi holes respectively. The testing results indicate that time-concentration curve of methane drawing is a single peak wave curve which increases and decreases during injecting N2 after reaching the limits of ordinary extraction. The methane concentration of intermittent injecting gas is greater than that of side injecting and side drawing. However, the former declines rapidly and has a shorter migration distance than the latter. The injecting effect of long time side injecting and side drawing is better than that of intermittent injecting. When hole space is 4 m, permeability 1.112×10-4mD, the methane recovery ratio increases to 58.6％ from conventional recovery ratio 52.4% after injecting 5 day. Meanwhile, the seepage flow equation of injecting air is provided and the parameters, such as rational hole mesh space, time and pressure of injecting gas, are simulated. At the same time, application condition and assistant technology about injecting gas are discussed, which provides engineering and theoretical reference to promote the injecting gas technology. Also, the problem of variable definite conditions seepage flow equation is put forward.