Vaccination of calves with contaminated batches of bovine herpes virus 1 vaccines did not result in infection with bovine virus diarrhea virus

The aim of the experiment was to study whether bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) marker vaccine batches known to be contaminated with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) type 1 could cause BVD in cattle. For this purpose, four groups of cattle were used. The first group (n = 4 calves, the positive control group), was vaccinated with vaccine from a batch contaminated with BVDV type 2. The second group (n = 4 calves, the negative control group), was vaccinated with vaccine from a batch that was not contaminated with BVDV. The third group (n = 39 calves), was vaccinated with a vaccine from one of four batches contaminated with BVDV type 1 (seronegative experimental group). The fourth group (n = 6 seropositive heifers), was vaccinated with a vaccine from one of three batches known to be contaminated with BVDV type 1. All cattle were vaccinated with an overdose of the BHV1 marker vaccine. At the start of the experiment, all calves except those from group 4 were seronegative for BVDV and BHV1. The calves from group 4 had antibodies against BVDV, were BVDV-free and seronegative to BHV1. After vaccination, the positive control calves became severely ill, had fever for several days, and BVDV was isolated from nasal swabs and white blood cells. In addition, these calves produced antibodies to BVDV and BHV1. No difference in clinical scores of the other groups was seen, nor were BVDV or BVDV-specific antibody responses detected in these calves; however, they did produce antibodies against BHV1. The remainder of each vaccine vial used was examined for the presence of infectious BVDV in cell culture. From none of the vials was BVDV isolated after three subsequent passages. This indicates that BVDV was either absent from the vials or was present in too low an amount to be isolated. Thus vaccination of calves with vaccines from BHV1 marker vaccine batches contaminated with BVDV type 1 did not result in BVDV infections.     

新生仔犬的疱疹病毒感染

犬的疱疹病毒已得到广泛验证,被认为是造成仔犬出生头2～5周内死亡的主要因素。     

Simian agent 8--a herpes simplex-like monkey virus

This review summarizes the most recent information on Simian Agent 8, a herpes simplex-like monkey virus. The agent has a broad host range and--besides the classical morphogenesis (budding at the internal nuclear membrane)--the virus gets enveloped at all cytoplasmic membranes including the plasma membrane; strikingly it carries a rather prominent tegument. Regarding its sequence arrangement SA8 can be grouped to the E-type genomes. It has a G + C-content of 69% and a total DNA-homology with HSV-1 of 31%. The glycoproteins gC and gE are largely type-specific; whereas gB and gD as well as ICP35, ICP8 and the major capsid protein represent well conserved proteins of the simplexviruses. The type-common epitopes of gB and gD induce cross-reacting antibodies, which are even involved in cross-neutralization.     

Detection of bovine virus diarrhea virus in a live bovine herpes virus 1 marker vaccine

In February 1999, 12 Dutch herds were vaccinated with a live bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine from which bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) could be isolated. All vaccine batches that were on the Dutch market and that had not yet reached the expiry date were tested for BVDV. In total, seven of 82 batches tested were found positive. Batch numbers TX3607, VB3914, VB3915, VB4046, TW3391, and TV3294 were positive for BVDV type 1, and batch number WG4622 was positive for BVDV type 2. This latter batch induced clinical signs of BVDV in an animal experiment with susceptible animals.     

三种疱疹病毒基因缺失疫苗的研究进展

当前伪狂犬病、牛传染性鼻气管炎等疱疹病毒基因缺失疫苗得以成功开发和广泛应用,鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒基因缺失疫苗的研究也取得一定的进展。基因缺失疫苗较灭活疫苗、弱毒疫苗在安全性、免疫原性、鉴别诊断等方面都具有明显的优势。基因缺失疫苗的开发和应用将为有效防控和彻底根除这些动物疫病带来了希望。     

Experiences with the eradication of the bovine herpes virus 1 in Lower Saxony

In this paper first the general cascade of animal disease eradication from the voluntary control programme up to culling of infected animals is described. Afterwards the development of the eradication of Bovine Herpes Virus in Lower Saxony is illustrated. Obvious the number of farms which are not eradicating decreases since the testing on BHV1 is obligate in Germany. In 2004 60% of the cattle holdings were free from BHV1. At least the measures which will be taken in Lower Saxony to increase the success of eradication are explained.