子宫内膜炎奶牛产后氧化损伤与抗氧化变化

通过对试验用荷斯坦奶牛全血中白细胞总数(WBC)、中性粒细胞(PMN)百分比变化及血清、子宫分泌物中的一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性进行检测,探讨产后患有不同程度子宫内膜炎奶牛的氧化损伤和抗氧化能力的变化及其机理。结果表明,CE组和SE组全血中WBC总数和PMN百分比显著高于对照组(P0.01,P0.05)。而CE组血清和子宫分泌物中NO、MDA含量明显高于N组(P0.01),SE组则变化不明显,CE组SOD和GSH-Px活性变化比SE组明显,表现差异显著(P0.01,P0.05)。试验证明,子宫内膜炎奶牛血清和子宫分泌物中脂质过氧化物含量升高、抗氧化能力下降,可能是子宫内组织细胞病理损伤,引起不同程度子宫内膜炎的重要原因之一。     

子宫内膜炎急性相蛋白与IL-6变化的研究

探讨急性相蛋白(C-反应蛋白、结合珠蛋白、血清淀粉样蛋白A)和细胞因子(IL-6)在不同程度的子宫内膜炎中的变化及其对子宫内膜炎的诊断意义.选用产后健康荷斯坦奶牛10头(N)为对照组;亚临床型子宫内膜炎组(SE),共28头;临床型子宫内膜炎组(CE),共30头,经颈静脉、子宫腔内分别获取血液样本及子宫分泌物,对其进行急性相蛋白和细胞因子的检测.结果表明,CE组和SE组血清和子宫分泌物中C-反应蛋白(CRP)、结合珠蛋白(Hp)、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)和IL-6水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),且CE组比SE组变化明显;在对照组子宫分泌物中未检测到Hp和SAA.随着子宫内细菌污染程度的加重,CRP、Hp、SAA、IL-6的水平也随着升高,血清和子宫分泌物中CRP、Hp、SAA、IL-6水平均可作为诊断子宫内膜炎的敏感指标.     

奶牛子宫内膜组织中MUC-1的表达及与炎症的关系

为了探讨黏蛋白-1(MUC-1)的表达与奶牛子宫内膜炎的关系,本试验在屠宰场采集奶牛子宫样本12个,通过形态学和制作组织切片观察病理变化,将子宫样本分成健康组和炎症组,分别提取各组子宫组织中的总RNA,扩增MUC-1基因,采用凝胶电泳和灰度扫描的方法,计算MUC-1的相对表达量。结果发现,子宫内膜炎患牛子宫组织中MUC-1 mRNA的表达量显著高于健康组(P<0.05)。可以推测,MUC-1参与了奶牛子宫内膜组织的炎症过程。     

子宫内膜炎奶牛血液生化分析

奶牛子宫内膜炎是发生在牛子宫内膜上的炎症,为了探索奶牛子宫内膜炎发生时血液生化指标的变化特点,本实验以患子宫内膜炎奶牛为研究对象,与正常奶牛做对比实验。结果显示:患牛Ca、P显著下降,其他指标没有显著变化;2例炎症严重的病牛,谷草转氨酶AST和磷酸激酶CK远远高于平均值,呈离群状态。这些指标变化为子宫内膜炎的诊断治疗提供参考。     

子宫内膜炎奶牛子宫组织β-防御素及相关因子的表达

为了探讨奶牛子宫内膜组织中β-防御素、TNF-α和TLR4mRNA表达与炎症发生的关系。取奶牛子宫内膜组织,根据病理切片结果分成子宫内膜炎组和对照组,用RT-PCR分别测定各组的β-防御素、TNF-α和TLR4的mRNA。结果发现,子宫内膜炎组的LAP、BNBD5的mRNA表达极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),BNBD4的mRNA表达显著高于对照组(P<0.05),奶牛子宫内膜组织不表达TAP;且子宫内膜炎组的TNF-α和TLR4的mRNA表达显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,奶牛子宫内膜炎的发生与β-防御素、TNF-α和TLR4都具有密切相关性,其中LAP、BNBD4和BNBD5这3种β-防御素参与奶牛子宫内膜炎的发生;TNF-α和TLR4可以作为炎症发生的信号分子。     

奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗

<正>新郑市现有奶牛5000头,2010年以来,本人共接诊子宫内膜炎患牛138头,治愈123头,治愈率为89.1%。1治疗方法对子宫内膜炎的治疗原则是控制感染,防止子宫内膜炎症的扩散,促进子宫内炎性分泌物的排出。1.1轻度隐形子宫内膜炎只要加强饲养管理,提高牛体体质,增强抵抗力,一般可以自愈。可在母牛开始发情时,子宫内注入30m L高效米先(佛山市南海东方澳龙制药有限     

奶牛子宫内膜炎的综合防制

奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛普遍发生的子宫内膜的炎症,是奶牛生殖系统的常见病,发病率高达20％～40％,包括急性子宫内膜炎、慢性子宫内膜炎、隐性子宫内膜炎、子宫积水和子宫积脓;急性期治疗不及时,或治疗不彻底而转为慢性,多为子宫黏膜的慢性炎症。临床上按炎症的性质可将慢性子宫内膜炎分为粘液性、粘液脓性、脓性、脓性假膜性和坏死性子宫内膜炎。该病对繁殖的影响依据炎症的程度、子宫内膜损伤恢复需要的时间、子宫内膜腺体的损伤、输卵管环境的改变不同而不同,子宫内膜炎使产犊间隔延长、产奶量减少、     

子宫内膜炎患牛子宫内膜组胺浓度与MC颗粒状态的研究

本研究旨在探讨子宫内膜肥大细胞(MC)颗粒状态和组胺浓度在奶牛子宫内膜炎中的作用。选用产后6～10 d健康及患急性化脓性子宫内膜炎的中国荷斯坦奶牛各10头,分别为对照组和试验组,通过ELISA法检测子宫内膜组胺浓度和透射电镜观察子宫内膜MC颗粒状态。结果表明:试验组子宫内膜组织中组胺含量为(80.305±4.002)ng.mL-1,对照组为(39.204±4.278)ng.mL-1,二者差异极显著(P0.01);对照组子宫内膜固有层MC胞质中可见大小不等,圆形或椭圆形颗粒,均匀分布;而试验组子宫内膜固有层MC呈脱颗粒状态,表现为颗粒数量减少、分布和浓度不均、周腔增大、有空泡形成。结果提示,产后发生急性子宫内膜炎时子宫内膜MC脱颗粒,释放组胺,使子宫内膜组胺含量显著升高,这与子宫内膜的急性炎症有关,组胺可调节子宫免疫机能,可能对子宫内膜炎的发生发展具有重要作用。     

产后奶牛子宫内膜炎神经肽（SP、VIP）对子宫免疫调节的研究

本试验研究了急性产后子宫内膜炎神经肽（SP、VIP）变化,以探讨子宫内膜炎神经肽对子宫局部免疫的影响。对10头产后急性化脓性子宫内膜炎患牛进行子宫内膜及血清SP、VIP含量的检测,并选择10头产）06-8d健康的奶牛为对照组。结果表明,产后急性子宫内膜炎患牛子宫内膜及血清中SP含量显著升高,试验组与对照组差异极显著（P〈0．01）,而VIP含量显著降低,试验组与对照组差异极显著（P〈0．01）。急性产后子宫内膜炎属于局部炎症,其发生与神经肽（SP、VIP）浓度密切相关,sP含量的升高和VIP含量的降低对机体的免疫起调节作用。     

奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌的分离鉴定及ε-多聚赖氨酸的抑菌作用

为了研究ε-多聚赖氨酸对奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌的抑菌作用,采集杭州地区患牛子宫内膜分泌物病料26份进行细菌分离鉴定及药敏试验,并采用试管稀释法测定了ε-多聚赖氨酸对分离到的病原菌的最小抑菌浓度.结果,从26头子宫内膜炎患牛的子宫分泌物中检测到21份分泌物中有细菌,分别是凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(19.2%,5/26)、牛链球菌 (15.4%,4/26)、化脓链球菌(7.7%,2/26)、大肠杆菌(15.4%,4/26)、普通变形杆菌(30.8%,8/26)、肺炎克雷伯菌(11.5%,3/26);5份分泌物中未检测到细菌(19.2%,5/26).药敏试验结果表明,多数病原菌对多西环素和苯唑青霉素耐药,但对环丙沙星、庆大霉素、氧氟沙星敏感.试管稀释法结果表明,ε-多聚赖氨酸对子宫分离菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为45～215 μg/mL.由于ε-多聚赖氨酸对奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌具有良好的抑菌作用以及在食品中的安全性,有必要进一步研究其对奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗作用.     

Relationships between uterine and fetal traits in rabbits selected on uterine capacity

The aim of this study was to investigate whether uterine capacity (UC) in rabbits was related to uterine horn length and weight and whether these uterine traits and vascular supply were related to fetal development and survival. Data from 48 unilaterally ovariectomized (ULO) does of the High and 52 ULO does of the Low UC lines of a divergent selection experiment on UC were used. Does were slaughtered on d 25 of fifth gestation. The High line showed higher ovarian weight (0.08 g, P < 0.05) linked to a higher ovulation rate (1 ovum, P < 0.05) and greater length of the empty uterine horn. There were no differences between lines in the remaining doe traits. The number of implanted embryos and live fetuses, fetal survival, and uterine weight and length were positively associated and explained most of the observed variation. Average weights of the live fetuses and their fetal and maternal placentae were not related to uterine weight and length. The linear regression coefficient of full uterine horn length on the number of live fetuses was 2.43 +/- 0.21. The weight of the full uterine horn showed a small quadratic relationship (P < 0.05) with the number of live fetuses. Full uterine horn length, after adjusting for the number of embryos, was negatively associated (P < 0.001) with the number of dead fetuses. The linear regression coefficient of average fetal placental weight of the live fetuses on number of implanted embryos was higher (P < 0.10) in the Low line (-0.23 +/- 0.04 vs. -0.12 +/- 0.04). The linear regression coefficient of average weight of the live fetuses on the average weight of their fetal placentae was higher (P < 0.10) in the High line (2.56 +/- 0.47 vs. 1.27 +/- 0.57). The High line was more efficient, most likely because an increase in intrauterine crowding has a lesser effect on the development of fetal placentae and fetuses. The fetal position within the uterus did not affect the proportion of dead embryos. Fetuses with placentae receiving a single blood vessel had a higher probability of death (P < 0.001) and the lowest weight. There was no difference between lines for individual weight of the live fetuses, but the High line showed higher individual weights of fetal (P < 0.01) and maternal placentae (P < 0.10). Live fetuses in the midportion of the uterus were lighter in weight (P < 0.05) than in the oviductal and cervical regions (20.3 vs. 21.6 and 21.7g). Increasing uterine capacity increases uterine length and decreases weights of fetus and fetal placenta in rabbits.     

Vaginal and uterine microflora of adult dogs

Aerobic and anaerobic microflora were identified and quantitated in 82 vaginal and 78 uterine samples obtained from mature bitches during different stages of the estrous cycle. The mean +/- SD of total bacterial counts/100 mg of vaginal contents of the 82 bitches was log 5.0 +/- 1.5, ranging from log 2.4 to log 8.8. The count at the estrous stage (log 7.8 +/- 0.7) was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that at the anestrus (log 4.4 +/- 1.0), pregnancy (log 5.9 +/- 1.3), and postpartum (log 5.1 +/- 1.5) stages. The common organisms isolated from the vaginas were Bacteroidaceae, streptococci, Pasteurella spp, and mycoplasmas. Organisms were isolated from 48 (68%) of 78 uterine samples. The range of total counts/100 mg of uterine contents was from log 1.6 to log 8.3. Staphylococci and mycoplasmas were frequently isolated from the uterine contents. Although many uterine microfloras were similar to vaginal microfloras, some uterine culture had a single isolate identified. There were no pathologic findings in most of the uteri. Seemingly, vaginal bacteria frequently flow into the uterus, yet they rarely cause uterine infection.     

Complete uterine prolapse without uterine mucosal eversion in a queen

A five‐year‐old female cat weighing 3 kg was presented by the owner after noticing a large pink, bilobed mass protruding through the vulva during labour. The cat was in good condition, with appropriate lactation, and the newborn kittens were nursing normally. The uterus was not reverted or invaginated at examination, and there was rupture of the mesovarium, mesometrium and uterine‐vaginal connection around the cervix. Manual reduction of the prolapsed uterus was not possible because of torn ligaments. A coeliotomy was performed to remove the ovaries, and the apex of the uterine horns was passed by the vaginal route. The remaining part of the mesometrium was disconnected, and the prolapsed uterus was removed. The queen and kittens were discharged from the hospital on the second day after surgery. An unusual feature of this case is that the prolapse was complete, without eversion of any part of the uterus through a vaginal tear.     

Canine vaginal and uterine bacterial flora

Vaginal swab specimens were obtained from 41 prepuberal and 81 postpuberal bitches. Uterine swab specimens were obtained from 22 bitches at ovariohysterectomy and from 4 bitches during cesarean section. The specimens were cultured for aerobic bacteria. Most bitches harbored some type of bacteria in the vagina, but coagulase-positive staphylococci were isolated more frequently from prepuberal bitches than from postpuberal bitches. Postpuberal bitches were placed in various groups, based on the stage of the estrous cycle at the time specimens were obtained. Differences in bacterial types isolated from the postpuberal groups were not statistically significant. Uterine culture results suggested that bitches do not normally harbor aerobic bacteria in the uterus.     

Interrelationships among conceptus size, uterine protein secretion, fetal erythropoiesis, and uterine capacity

The interrelationships among d-11 conceptus size, d-105 placental weight, placental efficiency (the ability of the placenta to support fetal growth and development), fetal erythropoiesis, and uterine capacity were examined in 1/2 Meishan, 1/2 White crossbred gilts that were unilaterally ovariohysterectomized at 90 to 100 d of age. In Exp. 1, gilts were mated after at least one normal estrous cycle and then slaughtered at 105 d of gestation and number of fetuses and CL, placental weights, fetal weights, hematocrits, fetal plasma iron, and fetal plasma folate were measured. In Exp. 2, gilts were mated and plasma progesterone was measured on d 2 and 3 of gestation. On d 11, the length of the remaining uterine horn was recorded and the uterine horn was flushed with minimal essential medium. Number of CL, conceptus number, conceptus diameters, and total uterine flush retinol-binding protein (tRBP), acid phosphatase (tAP), and folate-binding protein (tFBP) were measured. Gilts were mated again and slaughtered at 105 d of pregnancy and the same traits measured in Group 1 were recorded. Plasma progesterone concentrations on d 2 and 3 were correlated with average conceptus diameter on d 11 (r = 0.60, P < 0.01, for each day). In contrast, tRBP (r = 0.49, P < 0.01), tAP (r = 0.53, P < 0.01), and tFBP (r = 0.51, P < 0.01) in uterine flushings on d 11 were only correlated with d-3 plasma progesterone concentrations. No correlations between d-11 average conceptus diameter or d-11 uterine length with d-105 uterine capacity were observed. Uterine capacity was negatively correlated with placental weight, fetal weight and fetal hematocrit (r = -0.36, P < 0.01; r = -0.44, P < 0.01; r = -0.32, P < 0.01; respectively). Hematocrits were correlated with fetal plasma iron (r = 0.50, P < 0.01) and folates (r = 0.44, P < 0.01). Hematocrit, plasma iron, and plasma folate were each correlated with residual fetal weights after adjusting for placental weight (a measure of placental efficiency), and accounted for 11% of the variation in this trait. These data suggest that conceptus diameter and uterine protein secretion on d 11 may be influenced by the onset of progesterone secretion by the CL, but do not support an influence of conceptus growth during early pregnancy on uterine capacity. These results also suggest that reducing placental and fetal weights will likely result in increased uterine capacity.     

Partial uterine prolapse associated with uterine foreign body in a cow

After correction of partial uterine prolapse in a Holstein cow, a 6-cm-long twig was found deep in the affected uterine horn. The twig was removed, and calcium-dextrose and penicillin G were administered. Recovery was unremarkable. Other reports of uterine foreign bodies in cows are scarce and do not describe uterine foreign bodies associated with uterine prolapse or invagination.     

Chemotactic properties and protein of equine uterine fluid

Forty uterine fluid samples were obtained from 4 mares classified as resistant to uterine bacterial infection. The uterus of each mare was flushed with 50 ml of saline solution during estrus and diestrus of successive estrous cycles. Bacteria or fungi were isolated from 4 samples, and 7 additional samples were obtained from a mare with active intrauterine infection. Fluid volumes obtained during estrus (means = 40.3 +/- 11 ml) tended to be greater than those recovered during diestrus (means = 36.8 +/- 7.9 ml), but the difference was not significant. Concentrations and yields of protein in recovered fluid did not vary significantly with the day of the estrous cycle. Protein concentration was significantly increased in samples from the infected uterus (P = less than 0.001). The ability of uterine fluid samples to attract neutrophils was measured using chemotactic chambers. There was no significant difference between distances migrated by neutrophils toward fluids obtained during estrus or diestrus. Chemotaxis scores tended to be higher with samples from the infected uterus, and the difference was significant for samples from 2 mares. Chemotaxis was neither significantly correlated with protein concentration of uterine fluid, nor with serum estrogens or progesterone.