河南省地黄病毒病初步鉴定

 利用血清学、RT-PCR并结合核苷酸序列测定等方法,对河南省地黄病毒病进行了初步鉴定。结果表明,烟草花叶病毒(TMV)为侵染地黄的主要病毒;对TMV地黄分离物(TMV-RH) CP基因的序列分析结果表明,TMV-RH与TMV-U1株系CP基因的核苷酸同源性为86.5%,氨基酸同源性为94.3%;与已发表的TMV其它株系CP基因的核苷酸同源性在76.3%~88.5%之间,氨基酸同源性在79.3%~95.0%之间,同源性较低。根据不同株系CP的氨基酸序列进化树分析,推测该分离物可能为TMV的一个新株系。     

重庆市萝卜芜菁花叶病毒的检测与序列分析

为明确重庆市萝卜感染芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV)的情况,在重庆市巴南区、九龙坡区、北碚区等14个区县共采集了146份萝卜病毒病样品,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)对病样进行TuMV检测,并通过PCR、克隆和测序等技术获得13个TuMV分离物CP核苷酸序列,利用软件分析重庆市TuMV CP基因序列的相似性,利用系统进化树分析CP基因遗传变异与系统进化。结果表明,共有105份样品的TuMV检测为阳性,检出率为71.9%;所得13个分离物CP基因均为864 bp,测序的13个分离物CP核苷酸相似性为89.1%~99.2%,与国内已报道的TuMV各分离物CP核苷酸相似性在88.3%~99.4%之间;所得的13个分离物均分布在basal-BR和world-B组中,在Asian-BR和basal-B组中均无分布,进一步分析发现有9个分离物属于word-B组,仅4个分离物属于basal-BR组。研究表明,TuMV在重庆市萝卜各种植区普遍发生,且word-B组为重庆市萝卜的优势毒源。     

西瓜花叶病毒2号新疆昌吉分离物外壳蛋白基因核苷酸序列分析

 利用RT-PCR从新疆昌吉地区表现花叶、疱斑、扭曲等症状的南瓜病株上检测到西瓜花叶病毒2号新疆昌吉分离物(简称WMV-2-XJ-CJ),并测定了该分离物外壳蛋白(CP)基因序列。序列分析表明,新疆昌吉分离物CP基因全长850个核苷酸,编码197个氨基酸。与国内外报道的12个WMV-2CP基因相比,其核苷酸序列同源性为92.6%~98.3%,由此推导的氨基酸序列同源性为94.7%~99.3%。新疆昌吉分离物在CP N'端可变区明显不同于国内外报道的核苷酸序列。WMV-2新疆昌吉分离物与日本和郑州分离物较其它国家和地区的分离物多出6个核苷酸,但其核苷酸及其推导的氨基酸序列差异较大。新疆昌吉分离物外壳蛋白有2个氨基酸残基明显不同于其它分离物,其中蚜传株系的特征结构域DAG突变为DAE。     

小麦黄色花叶病毒不同分离物外壳蛋白(CP)基因序列的比较分析

 核苷酸序列分析结果表明,小麦黄色花叶病毒(W YMV)不同分离物的外壳蛋白基因存在一定的差异。邓州分离物CP基因在其31~33nt处均缺失了3个核苷酸,其余分离物与潢川分离物及日本分离物长度一致,均为882nt。不同分离物CP基因核苷酸序列同源性为97.3%~98.9%,由此推导的氨基酸序列同源性为97.6%~99.3%,外壳蛋白N末端的110个氨基酸和C末端的55个氨基酸在各个分离物间是高度保守的。潢川分离物有5个氨基酸与其它5个分离物明显不同。WYMV不同分离物外壳蛋白序列分析结果进一步确认了WYMV与WSSMV为Bymovirus属的2种不同病毒。     

甘薯羽状斑驳病毒外壳蛋白基因的分子变异

应用单链构象多态性(single-strand conformation polymorphism,SSCP)技术结合核苷酸序列测定的方法,对我国甘薯主产区11个省份的甘薯羽状斑驳病毒(Sweet potato feathery mottle virus,SPFMV)外壳蛋白(CP)基因的分子变异情况进行了研究.结果表明,SPFMV CP基因的RT-PCR产物表现了较丰富的图谱类型,50个分离物共产生9种主要的SSCP带型;对显示不同带型的20个样品的CP基因进行了序列测定和进化树分析,CP基因核苷酸序列一致性为77.2％～99.9％.说明这些样品的SPFMV的CP基因存在较大的分子变异,可划分为EA、RC、O和C4个株系.     

马铃薯A病毒CP基因的克隆与序列分析

利用根据马铃薯A病毒 (PVA)外壳蛋白 (CP)基因序列设计合成的一对引物 ,以带毒植物总RNA为模板 ,RT-PCR扩增得到长 0.8kb的目的片段。将目的片段转入大肠杆菌并进行了序列测定。测序结果与PVA其他分离物CP基因序列比较 ,发现其核苷酸同源性最高可达 99%。依据CP序列建立了PVA病毒的系统进化树并对PVA不同分离物CP氨基酸序列差异性做了分析     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒山西西瓜分离物外壳蛋白基因序列分析

通过病毒dsRNA分离技术、非序列依赖性PCR扩增(sequence-independent amplification,SIA)技术和RTPCR等手段对采自山西太谷的西瓜病样进行了检测与鉴定,确定其为黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)所侵染。为明确CGMMV西瓜分离物(CGMMV-SXTG)的分类地位,本研究进一步克隆了CGMMV-SXTG的外壳蛋白基因(coat protein,CP)全序列并进行序列分析,系统进化树分析显示该分离物与亚洲分离物亲缘关系较近,而与欧洲分离物亲缘关系较远,表明该病毒的不同分离物在分组上可能与地域有一定的关系;接着对不同分离物的CP基因核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列进行同源性比对分析,结果表明该分离物与中国山东分离物(TANG)同源性最高,分别达到99.8%和99.6%。     

番木瓜环斑病毒南瓜分离物外壳蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

利用电镜和酶联免疫法在云南省采集到的5份南瓜病样中检测到番木瓜环斑病毒(Papayaring spot virus,PRSV)。为了进一步从分子水平确定云南省南瓜病毒病原种类,并为下一步转基因育种提供抗性基因,采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)方法扩增了5个分离物的外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)基因片段,并克隆到pGEM-T载体中。核苷酸序列测定表明,番木瓜环斑病毒石屏分离物(PRSV-SP)和番木瓜环斑病毒蒙自分离物(PRSV-MZ)的CP基因长873nt,编码290个氨基酸,番木瓜环斑病毒峨山分离物(PRSV-ES)、番木瓜环斑病毒版纳分离物(PRSV-BN)和番木瓜环斑病毒宾川分离物(PRSV-BC),3个分离物CP基因长867nt,编码288个氨基酸。PRSV5个分离物核苷酸序列的同源性在94%以上,氨基酸序列的同源性在96%以上。与国内外17个分离物相比,核苷酸序列同源性为89.6%~98.7%,氨基酸序列同源性为86.5%~99.6%。其中PRSV-SP和来自于越南分离物PRSV-V47无论是核苷酸序列,还是氨基酸序列同源性都达到了最高,而5个分离物与来自于巴西(PRSV-BR)、美国(PRSV-USA)、墨西哥(PRSV-Y)核苷酸序列同源性均低于90%。     

西瓜花叶病毒2号南瓜分离物的鉴定及其外壳蛋白基因序列分析

 利用电镜和酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)在黑龙江省采集的南瓜病样中检测到西瓜花叶病毒2号(WMV-2)。再利用免疫PCR (IC-PCR)和反转录PCR (RT-PCR)方法,扩增获得其外壳蛋白(CP)基因片段,并克隆到pGEM-T载体中。核苷酸序列测定表明,该分离物CP基因全长为852个核苷酸,编码由284个氨基酸组成的31.8 kDa蛋白。与国外已报道的WMV-2 CP基因相比,其核苷酸序列同源性为92.2%~94.0%,由此推导的氨基酸序列同源性为94.5%~98.1%。与国内2个分离物相比,和山西分离物核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性都达到98.5%,和郑州分离物核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为91.5%和95.0%。     

甘薯潜隐病毒外壳蛋白基因的克隆、表达及其抗血清的制备

 根据已报道的甘薯潜隐病毒(Sweet potato latent virus,SPLV)外壳蛋白(CP)基因的核苷酸序列合成引物,利用RT-PCR方法克隆了SPLV河南分离物(SPLV-HN)的CP基因及部分3'端非编码区序列,序列分析表明,SPLV-HN CP基因由879个核苷酸组成(GenBank登录号为DQ399862),编码293个氨基酸残基。与GenBank中SPLV-CH(X84011)和SPLV-T(X84012)分离物的核苷酸序列相似性分别为96.8%和93.0%;与日本分离物(E15420)的核苷酸序列相似性为83.6%。将CP基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a(+)上,SDS-PAGE分析表明,经IPTG诱导,CP基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS中得到了高效表达。以表达的蛋白为抗原,免疫家兔,制备了SPLV外壳蛋白的特异性抗血清。ACP-ELISA检测结果表明,制备的抗血清可用于田间甘薯样品的检测。     

Phylogenetic analysis of elongation factor Tu gene of phytoplasmas from Japan

The elongation factor Tu (tuf) gene from nine Japan phytoplasma isolates was amplified with the polymerase chain reaction, and the DNA sequences of the tuf gene were determined. The tuf gene from 14 phytoplasma isolates, including reference isolates and other bacteria, were phylogenetically analyzed. A nucleotide sequence of the tuf gene among seven aster yellows group (16Sr I-B and I-D) phytoplasmas had 97%–100% similarity, and the tuf gene of two phytoplasmas of the X-disease group (16Sr III-B) had 99% similarity. The tuf genes had lower homology than did the 16S rRNA gene in the phytoplasma groups. A phylogenetic tree of amino acid sequences of the tuf gene was nearly equal to that of the 16S rRNA gene but differed somewhat from the tree based on the 16S rRNA gene in that paulownia witches broom (PaW: 16Sr I-D) and American aster yellows (AAY: 16Sr I-B) were in a subclade.The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers AB095495, AB095667, AB095668, AB095669, AB095670, AB095671, AB095672, AB095673 and AB095674     

Incidence of thiophanate-methyl resistance in Cercospora kikuchii within a single lineage based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms in Japan

We collected 247 isolates of Cercospora kikuchii from soybean seeds with typical purple stain symptoms from 15 prefectures in Japan. Of the 247 isolates, 93 were sensitive to thiophanate-methyl, a benzimidazole used to control this soybean disease; the remaining 154 were highly resistant to the fungicide. To examine genetic variability among the population of 247 isolates, we developed amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. An AFLP primer pair generated DNA fingerprint polymorphisms among the sample isolates, and with the unweighted pair-grouping method to cluster arithmetic means of the similarity coefficients among all pairs of the fingerprint patterns, the isolates were divided into four lineages (I to IV). Of the 247 isolates, 225 belonged to lineage I, including all isolates that were resistant to thiophanate-methyl. To determine whether the resistance of these isolates was related to mutations in the β-tubulin gene, we amplified partial nucleotide sequences of the gene from 29 representative isolates, including 12 that were resistant to thiophanate-methyl, by means of the polymerase chain reaction. The resistant isolates had identical nucleotide sequence with a one-step change at codon 198, in which the amino acid glutamic acid had been replaced by alanine. The evidence thus suggests that thiophanate-methyl resistance might have arisen in lineage I, the largest of the four lineages. The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB214511 to AB214515     

百合斑驳病毒云南分离物 全基因组序列分析及CP结构预测

 对云南嵩明百合上发生的百合斑驳病毒(Lily mottle virus, LMoV)进行全基因组序列测定及分析,并对LMoV嵩明分离物(LMoV-SMi1、LMoV-SMi2)和玉溪分离物(LMoV-YXi1、LMoV-YXi2)外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)基因进行序列比较,发现云南的LMoV分为2个类群,玉溪分离物属于种群I,嵩明分离物属于种群II。2个类群间的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为86.7%~89.5%、90.1%~92.7%,玉溪分离物和嵩明分离物相比,cp基因发生了3个核苷酸的缺失。对国内外LMoV所有分离物的cp基因氨基酸序列进行系统进化分析,结果表明所有LMoV分离物可划分为2个种群,种群I分离物较种群II分离物几乎均存在1个苏氨酸缺失的差异。此外,对LMoV-SMi2的CP相关特性和空间结构进行了初步预测,认为该蛋白为球状,具有较强的表面可能性,不存在跨膜区域,大多数区域能够形成主要的抗原决定簇,主要集中在aa12-22、aa31-42、aa83-99、aa179-191、aa215-223、aa249-259区段,可作为制备抗血清选择抗原的参考。LMoV-SMi2和LMoV-YXi1在二级结构和三级结构上存在一定的差异,但总体空间结构差异不大。     

Three distinct groups of isolates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato yellow leaf curl virus</Emphasis> in Japan and construction of an infectious clone

Complete nucleotide sequences of eight Japanese isolates of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) were determined and compared with four TYLCV isolates already reported. These isolates separated into three groups – Shizuoka (Sz), Aichi (Ai), Nagasaki (Ng) – and had 99% identities within the groups. Full-length molecules of DNA-A of group Sz consist of 2791nt and those of group Ai contain 2787nt. Both were closely related to TYLCV-Is.M, although those of group Ng had 2793nt and were more closely related to TYLCV-Is. Comparison of common sequences of isolates belonging to groups Sz and Ai had substitutions of 4nt in the intergenic region and nonsynonymous substitutions at open reading frames between the groups. None of the isolates tested had DNA molecules. Agroinfection of four plant species with a DNA-A dimeric infectious clone of TYLCV-SzY, a member of group Sz, resulted in systemic infection. Tomato plants then developed typical yellow leaf curl symptoms.The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB116629, AB116630, AB116631, AB116632, AB116633, AB116634, AB116635, and AB116636     

Biological, serological, and molecular variabilities of clover yellow vein virus

ABSTRACT A comparative study was made on the host reactions, serological properties, and nucleotide sequences of the coat protein (CP) gene of 10 clover yellow vein virus (C1YVV) isolates and one bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) isolate collected from different host plant species and locations in Japan. Two strains of C1YVV isolates, grouped on the basis of host reactions on Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Nicotianaclevelandii, N. benthamiana, Vicia faba, and Trifolium repens, corresponded to two serotypes determined by double-antibody sandwich- and triple-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using three polyclonal and nine monoclonal antibodies. These results were also confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis of the CP gene. The CP gene of C1YVV isolates of strain 1, including the Australian isolate C1YVV-B, had 93 to 98% nucleotide identities and 97 to 99.6% amino acid identities. The CP of C1YVV isolates of strain 2, including the New Zealand isolate C1YVV-NZ, had 92 to 98% nucleotide identities and 95 to 98% amino acid identities. The nucleotide identities and the amino acid identities between the two C1YVV strains were 82 to 84%, and 90 to 94%, respectively. When compared with the CP sequences of 12 C1YVV isolates, the CP sequence of the BYMV isolate had 71 to 73% nucleotide identity and 73 to 77% amino acid identity. Amino acid sequence differences among C1YVV isolates from strains 1 and 2 were located mostly at the N-terminal regions of the CP. Our results indicated that the C1YVV isolates studied could be separated into two strains on the basis of host reactions, serology, and the nucleotide sequence of the CP gene.     

A coat protein transgene from a Scottish isolate of potato mop-top virus mediates strong resistance against Scandinavian isolates which have similar coat protein genes

Resistance tests were made on seedlings of transformed lines of Nicotiana benthamiana which contain a transgene encoding the coat protein (CP) gene of a Scottish isolate of potato mop-top virus (PMTV). This transgene has been reported to confer strong resistance to the PMTV isolate from which the transgene sequence was derived and also to a second Scottish isolate. Plants of lines of the transgenic N. benthamiana were as resistant to two Swedish and two Danish PMTV isolates as to a Scottish isolate, and of five lines tested, greater than 93.5% of transgenic plants were immune. The coat protein gene sequences of these four Scandinavian isolates were very similar to those of the two Scottish isolates. The greatest divergence between the isolates was three amino acid changes and there was less than 2% change in CP gene nucleotide sequence. It is concluded that the PMTV CP transgene used in these experiments could confer resistance against isolates from different geographical areas because it is becoming apparent that the CP genes of PMTV isolates are highly conserved.     

Analysis of the coat protein gene of Indian <Emphasis Type="Italic">Potato virus X</Emphasis> isolates for identification of strain groups and determination of the complete genome sequence of two isolates

Complete coat protein (CP) gene sequences of 66 Potato virus X (PVX) isolates were sequenced and compared with other PVX isolates. The CP gene of these isolates shared 93.9–100.0 % and 97.0–100.0 % identities among them at nucleotide and amino acid sequence level, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis with isolates of known PVX strain groups showed that all 66 isolates were found in clade I (strain groups 1, 3 and 4) and none of them in Clade II (strain groups 2 and 4). The Indian isolates had the 714 bp coat protein gene and were closer to clade I isolates with 92.9–99.5 % identities and distantly related to Clade II isolates (74.2 to 80.0 % identities). Hence, these isolates may belong to either of the strain groups 1, 3 and 4. A threonine residue at position 122 and glutamine residue at position 78 were found conserved in all the Indian isolates suggesting that these isolates cannot overcome Rx1gene and Nx gene mediated resistance, characteristic of group 1 and 3. However, unique amino acid substitutions were observed in Indian isolates and further studies are required to ascertain their role in symptom expression, virulence and host range. In addition, whole genome sequences of two isolates one each from Jalandhar (Punjab) and Kufri (Himachal Pradesh) were also determined. They were 6435 nts long with five ORFs and shared 81.4–97.2 % identities to clade I isolates from USA, Russia, India, Iran, China, Japan, Taiwan and 77.0 to 77.5 % identities with clade II isolates from Peru.