中国鹿源性大肠杆菌的耐药性监测及血清定型

为了调查鹿致病性大肠杆菌的耐药性及流行血清型,从吉林、辽宁的16个鹿场采集321份病料进行细茵的分离和生化鉴定,结果分离到大肠杆茵302株,其中致病性大肠杆菌112株.对112株致病性大肠杆菌进行了15种抗生素敏感性试验,发现分离菌株对15种药物均有不同程度的耐药性.青霉素G对其完全没有抑制作用;先锋霉素V抑制作用最强(97.3%),其次为呋喃妥因(78.6%)、痢特灵(71.4%)、环丙沙星(68.8%)、诺氟沙星(65.1%).112株茵中,有47种耐药谱型.多数为6耐以上的菌株(80株),占供试菌株的71.4%.应用微量平板凝集试验,对分离的112株致病菌进行了血清型鉴定,鉴定共有72种血清型,其中优势血清型10种,占能定型分离致病菌株的53.7%.     

云南撒坝猪源大肠杆菌优势血清型强毒力岛的检测及其致病性

为研究撒坝猪大肠杆菌强毒力岛(HPI)的致病性,对撒坝猪致病性大肠杆菌进行了分离和血清型鉴定,获取优势血清型,采用PCR检测HPI,进行同源性比较,并通过耐药性试验和致病性试验对分离菌株与HPI的相关性进行分析。结果显示:分离得到101株大肠杆菌,确定血清型84株,其中O_3、O_4、O_(24)为优势血清型;HPI阳性率为88.64%,与GenBank登录的参考序列同源性比较大于99.3%;氨基糖苷类药物耐药性试验结果显示分离菌株普遍耐药,而HPI阳性株耐药性强,并检出含aac(3)-Ⅱa基因12株,含有aac(6′)-Ⅰb基因21株;致病性试验表明含irp2的菌株致病性强,而具有fyuA-irp2基因簇的菌株致病性更强。结果表明:HPI对大肠杆菌的毒力有增强作用。     

皖北地区禽源大肠杆菌的血清型鉴定与耐药性分析

为了掌握皖北地区家禽致病性大肠杆菌的优势血清型及耐药性表现,从皖北4个市8个县区32个规模化养殖场采集疑似家禽大肠杆菌病的病料64份,通过常规分离培养纯化获取31株致病性大肠杆菌,对31株致病性大肠杆菌进行血清学鉴定和耐药性分析。试验结果表明:31株致病性大肠杆菌分别属于O_(78)、O_(18)、O_(88)、O_2、O_1、O_(143)、O_4、O_(35)、和O_(141)血清型,其中O_(78)9株、O_(18)7株、O_(88)5株,共计21株,占分离株的67.74%,属于本地区的优势血清型。致病性试验结果表明,所分离的31株致病菌中,83.9%具有高致病性,12.9%具有中致病性,3.2%具有低致病性,不同血清型致病性没有明显差异。分离菌株对11种抗生素表现不同程度的耐药性,对复方磺胺甲基异噁唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、恩诺沙星表现严重耐药,耐药比例在70%以上;对阿莫西林、链霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、氟苯尼考、环丙沙星耐药比例在16%以上;对头孢噻肟、头孢唑肟、阿米卞星耐药性比例在10%以下。其中,对4、5、6种药物表现耐药比例较高,占分离株的60%以上,对3、7、8、9耐药性居中,所有菌株均表现为多重耐药性。研究结果为皖北地区家禽大肠杆菌病的疫苗防控、药物防治提供了科学依据。     

邵阳地区宠物犬源致病性大肠杆菌的血清型鉴定及耐药性分析

为了分析邵阳地区宠物犬源致病性大肠杆菌的血清型与耐药性,采用细菌分离鉴定的方法对38家宠物医院中无菌采集的87份腹泻宠物犬肛拭子及粪便样品进行大肠杆菌分离鉴定,采用人工感染动物试验、玻板凝集试验和K-B药敏纸片法分别检测分离菌株的致病性、血清型及耐药性。结果显示:分离得到了49株大肠杆菌,其中34株为致病性;34株致病性大肠杆菌分离株属于9种血清型,以O_2、O_9、O_(13)和O_(20)为主要的优势血清型;34株致病性大肠杆菌分离株对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、美罗培南等4种药物耐药率在82.4%～94.1%之间,对丁胺卡那、头孢他啶、恩诺沙星等6种药物的耐药率在41.2%～79.4%之间,对头孢曲松、头孢噻肟耐药率在14.7%～23.5%之间。研究结果为该地区宠物犬大肠杆菌病防治提供参考。     

鸡致病性大肠杆菌的分离、鉴定及药敏试验

从南阳地区各养鸡场的发病鸡中分离出大肠杆菌,经常规方法培养、纯化、镜栓及生理生化鉴定,分离出29株鸡致病性大肠杆菌.有14株分离株被鉴定出血清型,其中O<,1>4株、O<,2>3株、O<,78>7株,未定型15株,O<,1>、O<,2>,和O<,78>血清型占分离株总数的48.3%.用29株分离菌株接种供试雏鸡后,发病症状及剖检病变均符合大肠杆菌病特征,其中高致病性菌株有13株,中度致病菌株有9株,低致病性菌株有7株,分别占试验菌株总数的44.8%、31.0%、24.2%.采用Kirby-Bauer纸片法,用22种药敏纸片对29株分离菌进行药敏试验,结果表明,分离出的大肠杆菌耐药性相当普遍,仅对头孢噻肟、丁胺卡那霉素、壮观霉素及新霉素等药物敏感性较高.     

鸡源致病性大肠杆菌血清型鉴定及耐药性分析

为了了解山东、河北和河南等省部分地区养殖场鸡源致病性大肠杆菌的血清型及耐药性,试验采用细菌分离和生化鉴定方法对鸡大肠杆菌进行分离和鉴定,通过动物试验确定分离大肠杆菌的致病性,应用血清学方法和药敏试验对致病性大肠杆菌的血清型及耐药性进行研究。结果表明:分离鉴定的119株大肠杆菌中致病性菌株有110株,其中92株致病性菌株能够定型,分别属于15个血清型,有5株出现交叉凝集,O14、O35、O1、O2、O78、O88为优势血清型;分离鉴定的致病性大肠杆菌对环丙沙星、头孢噻肟、头孢哌酮等最敏感,对林可霉素、头孢克肟、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、红霉素的耐药率达60%以上。说明分离的致病性大肠杆菌血清型存在复杂性,对大部分临床常用药物产生了不同程度的耐药。     

鸡源大肠杆菌的血清型分布与耐药性监测

对180株鸡源大肠杆菌分离菌株进行O血清型鉴定,鉴定出171个分离菌株的O血清型40种,占分离菌株的95%,其中O76血清型的菌株最多,有40株,占定型菌株的23.9%,为优势血清型菌株。采用微量稀释法药敏试验监测了180株鸡源大肠杆菌分离菌株对20种抗菌药物的耐药性,结果表明,除头孢曲松、头孢氨噻肟、头孢噻呋、阿米卡星、氟苯尼考外,分离菌株对其余15种抗生素均呈现出不同程度的耐药性,其中,172株大肠杆菌分离菌株对两种或多种抗生素有耐药性,对萘啶酸的耐药率最高93.3%,其次是四环素88.9%、氨苄青霉素72.8%、阿莫西林71.7%、罗比沙星64.4%、沙拉沙星62.8%。大多数分离株对氟喹诺酮类药物有很高的耐药率52.9%～93.3%,并表现出多重耐药性,124株分离株表现为对2种以上氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药性。     

规模化鸡场大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性监测

为了对鸡致病性大肠杆菌的流行情况及耐药性调查分析,从山东省部分地区的60个鸡场采集了116份鸡内脏病料,结合培养特性对其进行了细菌的分离和生化鉴定,结果分离到大肠杆菌95株,其中致病性大肠杆菌76株。对这76株致病性大肠杆菌进行了12种抗生素敏感性试验,发现分离的菌株对12种药物均有不同程度的耐药性,青霉素对其完全没有抑制作用;新研制的利福平复合新药抑制作用最强,64.5%为高度敏感(49/76),34.2%中度敏感(26/76),表明该药对鸡大肠杆菌具有显著的效果;其中,丁胺卡那霉素(63.2%)、氟哌酸(55.3%)也有良好的抑菌作用。     

青岛地区肉鸡致病性大肠杆菌血清型鉴定及药敏试验

本试验对采自青岛地区多个肉鸡场的疑似大肠杆菌病的病、死鸡内脏器官进行病原的分离鉴定,并对大肠杆菌分离株进行培养特性、血清型及耐药性的检测.共分离到25株大肠杆菌,鉴定出15株血清型,其中以O1、O22 、O157、O24血清型为主,占定型菌株的60%.其中O22血清型占定型菌株的12%,为优势血清型.细菌的耐药性检测结果显示,分离菌株呈现出不同程度的耐药性,25株大肠杆菌对庆大霉素、阿米卡星高敏比例分别为88%和56%,卡那霉素、硫酸安普霉素次之,敏感菌株比例在20%~48%之间,乳酸环丙沙星等抑菌作用低,敏感菌株比例低于10%.而氟哌酸等对所分离的菌株几乎无抑制作用.     

山东省部分地区禽源致病性大肠杆菌的血清流行病学调查与耐药性检测

为调查山东省禽源致病性大肠杆菌流行的血清型及耐药性,从山东部分地区的45家养禽场分离到致病性大肠杆菌96株,应用微量平板凝集试验进行了血清型鉴定,共鉴定出18种血清型,其中优势血清型6种,分别为O78、O2、O15、O18、O143、O88,占定型致病性菌株的64％。抗菌药物敏感性试验发现,96株大肠杆菌对20种药物有不同程度的耐药性。75％以上的菌株对氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林、土霉素等5种抗菌药耐药,50％以上的菌株对卡那霉素、多西环素、环丙沙星等7种抗菌药表现为耐药;所有分离株存在多重耐药现象,75％的受检菌对9种或9种以上的被测药物耐药。结果表明,O78、O2、O15、O18、O143、O886种血清型是山东省部分地区近年来禽源致病性大肠杆菌的优势血清型,且禽源致病性大肠杆菌的耐药现象严重,有必要加强耐药性检测,以指导兽医临床合理使用抗菌药物。     

鸡源致病性沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及血清型和药物敏感性分析

为了解当前广西鸡源致病性沙门氏菌的优势流行菌株及耐药情况,掌握其最新流行特点,本试验采集疑似病鸡的组织病料,对沙门氏菌进行增菌和分离培养,运用VITEK System ATB Expression法ID 32E肠杆菌鉴定试剂条对分离菌株进行生化试验鉴定,应用玻片凝集试验进行血清型鉴定,采用ATB VET药敏试剂条对30种肠杆菌抗菌药物进行药物敏感性试验。结果显示,从310份疑似鸡病料中分离鉴定出34株致病性沙门氏菌;这些分离菌株中有A群1株、C2群1株、B群15株和D群14株,另有3株未定型,其中以B群鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和D群鸡白痢沙门氏菌为优势菌株;34株分离株均对美洛培南、亚胺培南、大观霉素和安普霉素敏感,对氯霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素的耐药率小于10%,对阿莫西林、链霉素、氟甲喹、噁喹酸、磺胺甲噁唑、四环素和呋喃妥因耐药率介于50%和90%之间,而对青霉素、苯唑西林、夫西地酸、利福平和甲硝唑的耐药率达到100%,并且存在多重耐药现象。结果表明,鸡源致病性沙门氏菌的流行菌株具有一定的地域性,当前广西以鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和鸡白痢沙门氏菌为主,流行菌株耐药性严重,应高度关注。     

Isolation,Identification and Analysis of Serotype and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogenic Salmonella from Chickens

To investigate the situations of predominant strain and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Salmonella was pre-enriched and isolated from tissues of clinical suspected chickens, and the Salmonella isolates were identified by biochemical test using ID 32E System for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae of VITEK System ATB Expression, serotypes were determined by slid agglutination test, antibiotic susceptibility was analyzed by ATB VET Susceptibility Test Strip of Enterobacteriaceae antibiotics.The results showed that 34 Salmonella strains were obtained from 310 clinical samples, of which 1 strain belonged to A serogroup, 1 to C2 serogroup, 15 to B serogroup, 14 to D serogroup and 3 to untyped serogroup, and S.typhimurium of B serogroup and S.pullorum of D serogroup were the predominant serotypes.All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, spectinomycine and apramycine, and the resistance rates to chloramphenicol, kanamycine and gentamicine were less than 10%, and the resistance rates to amoxicillin, streptomycine, flumequine, oxolinique, sulfamethizol, tetracycline and nitrofurantoine ranged between 50% and 90%, while the resistance rates to penicilline, oxacilline, fusidique, rifampicine and metronidazole reached to 100%.The results indicated that the serotype distribution of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens exhibited regional characteristics, and S.typhimurium and S.pullorum were the predominant serotypes in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates was very serious which should be highly concerned.     

藏香猪源大肠埃希菌致病性和血清型检测及药敏试验

为了解四川省藏香猪源大肠埃希菌致病性、血清型及耐药性情况,从四川省藏香猪养殖场中无菌采集腹泻仔猪肝脏、肛拭子及粪便等组织病料253份中,分离得到155株大肠埃希菌。采用人工感染小鼠致病性试验、玻板凝集试验和KB药敏纸片法分别测定155株大肠埃希菌分离菌株的致病性、血清型及耐药性。结果显示,小鼠致病性试验表明155株分离菌中120株有致病性;玻板凝集试验表明120株致病性大肠埃希菌分离株属于14个血清型,以O111、O147、O109和O119为主要流行的优势血清型;耐药性试验表明120株致病性大肠埃希菌分离株对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、新霉素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶4种药物耐药较严重,耐药率在94.2%~98.3%之间,对庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、多西环素等6种药物耐药率在44.2%~85.0%之间,对其他药物耐药率在15.0%~37.5%之间。说明该地区藏香猪源致病性大肠埃希菌血清型呈多样性分布,耐药性严重。     

鹅源致病性大肠杆菌O86K61 和O44K74亚型的分离与鉴定

从湛江养鹅场发生的疑似大肠杆菌病病死鹅无菌采集病料,分离鉴定出8株大肠杆菌,其中,O86K61 4株,O44K74 3株,1株未定型,上述菌株均不产生内毒素;药敏试验结果表明,大部分菌株对阿米卡星高度敏感,对恩诺沙星、先锋霉素、磺胺嘧啶、诺氟沙星、强力霉素呈交叉耐药;对万古霉素、新霉素、呋喃唑酮中度敏感;对阿莫西林、链霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、四环素不敏感。上述结果提示,同一发病鹅场存在着多种致病性大肠杆菌的血清型,并存在多重耐药。     

新疆石河子地区奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析简

本试验旨在调查新疆石河子地区奶牛乳房炎源大肠杆菌的某些生物学特性及其耐药状况,以提高药物疗效,减少牛奶中药物的残留。试验从新疆石河子地区患乳房炎奶牛的乳样中分离纯化并鉴定出21株大肠杆菌,并对大肠杆菌分离株进行抗菌药物敏感性分析。结果表明,21株大肠杆菌对21种抗菌药物中的6种药物耐药率超过50%,其中最多的耐药15种,最少的耐药5种,耐药6及6种以上的菌株共占到76.19%。提示,该地区奶牛乳房炎源大肠杆菌对多种药物已产生了不同程度的耐药性,且存在严重的多重耐药情况。     

Isolation,Identification and Drug Resistance Analysis of Interstinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella Isolated from Diarrhea Piglets

In order to find out the serotype, resistant phenotype and genotype of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella in piglets, this study collected 128 samples of diarrhea piglets from seven large-scale pig farms in five cities in Guizhou province, and the E. coli and Salmonella were isolated and identified. The pathogenicity of the strain was identified by animal test. The drug resistance of the main pathogen was tested by drug susceptibility paper. The resistance gene of each pathogen was detected by PCR. The drug resistance and genotype correlation of the bacterial were analyzed. The results showed that 78 strains of pathogenic E. coli and 21 strains of Salmonella were isolated and identified in this study. The serotypes of pathogenic E. coli were predominantly O138 and O87. Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis were predominant serotypes. The susceptibility test showed that the resistant strains of 78 strains of E. coli were more than 80% resistant to β-lactams and more than 40% for other antibacterials. The resistance rate of 21 strains of Salmonella to aminoglycosides was more than 50% and more than 20% to other types of antibacterials; 12 and 10 kinds of drug resistance-related genes of E. coli and Salmonella were detected, respectively; The coincidence rate of resistant genotype and phenotype of two kinds of bacteria were above 60%, and both were multiple drug resistance. This study provided a theoretical basis for comprehensive prevention and control of piglets diarrhea.     

腹泻仔猪肠道致病性大肠埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌的分离鉴定与耐药性研究

为探明仔猪细菌性腹泻肠道致病性大肠埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌流行的血清型、耐药表型及耐药基因型,本试验采集了贵州省5个地（州）市7个规模化养猪场的128份腹泻仔猪肠道样本,并对采集的样本进行了大肠埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌分离与鉴定,通过动物试验鉴定菌株的致病性,利用血清学方法鉴定其血清型,并通过药敏纸片法对主要致病菌进行耐药性研究,采用PCR技术检测各致病菌株耐药相关基因,分析细菌耐药表型和耐药基因型相关性。结果显示,本研究共分离鉴定到78株致病性大肠埃希氏菌与21株沙门氏菌,致病性大肠埃希氏菌血清型以O138、O87为主,沙门氏菌血清型以鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌居多;药敏试验结果表明,本试验分离到的78株致病性大肠埃希氏菌对β-内酰胺类药物耐药率达80%以上,对其他种类的抗菌药耐药率均超过40%,分离鉴定的21株沙门氏菌对氨基糖苷类药物耐药率达50%以上,对其他种类的抗菌药耐药率均达20%以上;本试验分离鉴定的致病性大肠埃希氏菌共检出12种耐药相关基因,沙门氏菌共检出10种耐药相关基因,两种细菌耐药基因型与耐药表型符合率均达60%以上,且均为多重耐药。本研究为仔猪腹泻的综合防控提供了理论依据。     

Susceptibility to antibiotics of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic livestock in Trinidad.

The sensitivity of strains of Escherichia coli isolated from calves, piglets, lambs and kids in Trinidad to seven antibiotics was determined. Two hundred and sixty-four (91.3%) of 289 strains isolated from diarrhoeic animals and 173 (87.4%) of 198 strains from non-diarrhoeic animals exhibited resistance to one or more antibiotics. The difference was not statistically significant (P > or = 0.05; X2). Regardless of health status, isolates from lambs were least resistant (75.0%) and those from piglets most resistant (96.7%) and the difference was significant (P < or = 0.001; X2). Strains of E. coli were most resistant to streptomycin (81.3%) and tetracycline (78.9%) and least resistant to chloramphenicol (4.3%) and gentamycin (4.7%). The predominant antibiotic resistance pattern for isolates from all sources was streptomycin-tetracycline (27.9%). It was concluded that the widespread prevalence of resistance to antibiotics reflects their misuse in the local environment.