几种杀虫剂对落叶松球蚜毒力测定及田间防效

应用7种杀虫剂对落叶松球蚜若虫进行室内毒力测定、5种杀虫剂开展田间防治试验,结果表明:供试杀虫剂对落叶松球蚜的毒力大小依次为:0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液剂>1%苦参碱可溶性液剂>4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油>10%联苯菊酯乳油>1.8%阿维菌素乳油>20%马拉·高氯氟乳油>4%甲维·氟铃脲微乳剂。在田间防治球蚜若虫时,施药48h后,10%联苯菊酯乳油0.025%药液、1%苦参碱可溶性液剂0.033%药液和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油0.050%药液防治效果均达90%以上。     

7种药剂对短须突瓣叶蜂室内毒力和田间防效

短须突瓣叶蜂是近年来危害柳树的一种新害虫,选用7种杀虫剂对短须突瓣叶蜂幼虫进行室内毒力测定,筛选出5种杀虫剂开展田间防治试验。结果表明:供试杀虫剂对短须突瓣叶蜂的毒力大小依次为:1.8%阿维菌素乳油>10%阿维·毒死蜱乳油>4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油>40%丙溴磷乳油>4.5%联菊·啶虫咪微乳剂>1%苦参碱可溶性液剂>4%甲维·氟铃脲微乳剂。田间药效试验结果显示,施药24h后,1.8%阿维菌素乳油、10%阿维·毒死蜱乳油和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油是防治短须突瓣叶蜂的有效药剂。     

云南云杉长足大蚜毒力测定及田间药效试验

用7种杀虫剂对云南云杉长足大蚜若虫进行室内毒力测定,5种杀虫剂开展田间防治试验,结果表明:供试杀虫剂对云南云杉长足大蚜的毒力大小依次为:0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液剂>1%苦参碱可溶性液剂>4.5%联菊·啶虫脒乳油>4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油>10%阿维·毒死蜱乳油>4%甲维.氟铃脲微乳剂>30%吡虫啉·噻嗪酮乳油。在田间防治若蚜时,施药24h后,0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液剂0.025%药液、1%苦参碱可溶性液剂0.033%药液和4.5%联菊·啶虫脒乳油0.017%药液防治效果均达95%以上。     

5种常见药剂对刺槐蚜的毒力测定

在室内条件下分别采用微量点滴法测定5种药剂对刺槐蚜的杀伤.结果表明:刺槐蚜虫对5种杀虫药剂敏感性由大到小顺序为:高效氯氟氰菊酯、胺菊酯、仲丁威、毒死蜱、敌敌畏.高效氯氟氰菊酯对刺槐蚜的敏感性最高,毒力最大,LD50为0.000212滋g/头,仲丁威的LD50居中为0.001190滋g/头.敌敌畏的LD50最大为0.037400滋g/头,毒力最弱.刺槐蚜虫对3类杀虫剂敏感性顺序依次为:菊酯类>氨基甲酸酯类>有机磷类,高效氯氟氰菊酯对刺槐蚜的敏感性最高,防治效果较佳.     

浅谈杀虫烟剂的室内毒力测定

杀虫烟剂是指具有杀虫生物活性的一种或几种农药在烟剂释放时,借助供热剂的热量蒸发或挥发到空中,冷凝成烟,借助空气流动而弥散于靶标生存空间,起杀虫的作用。杀虫剂的毒力测定是药效测定的内容之一,是把杀虫药剂的毒力(或毒性)给予一个量度,以便与其他杀虫剂的毒力(或毒性)进行比较。毒力测定方法很多,但根据烟剂的独特性,在测定毒力时,其方法有所不同。文章阐述了杀虫烟剂的室内毒力测定方法,分析了影响毒力测定的基本条件。毒力测定只是说明一种杀虫剂比另一种杀虫剂的毒力高,杀虫剂毒力测定的结果不能作田间害虫防治的全面参考。     

枸杞蚜虫的田间发生动态及药剂室内毒力试验

5种药剂对枸杞蚜虫的室内毒力试验结果表明,48h后毒死蜱毒力相对较高,LC50值为0．42mg／L,其次是吡虫啉、啶虫脒,毒力最差的是印楝素、苦参碱;24h后的毒力结果与48h后的基本相同。     

4种生物农药对枸杞蚜虫的室内毒力测定

在室内条件下采用浸渍法测定了4种生物农药对枸杞蚜虫的毒力,其结果显示,供试药剂对枸杞蚜虫的毒力顺序为2.5%鱼藤酮、0.5%绿农宝、Bt、歼年虫菜蛾特,其中2.5%鱼藤酮的毒力最高,LC50为3.05~3.11mg/kg,0.5%绿农宝、Bt毒力水平接近,而歼年虫菜蛾特毒力水平最低。     

栗疫菌弱毒力特征的传递及其影响因素

栗疫菌 (Cryphonectriaparasitica)弱毒力 (hypovirulence)的本质是菌体中含有一种弱毒性病毒 (cryphonectriahypovirulenceviruses ,CHV)dsRNA(Choietal,1992 ;Morrisetal,1979)。栗疫菌的弱毒力菌株 (H菌株 )一般都具有将强毒力 (virulent)菌株 (V菌株 )转化为弱毒力菌株的能     

湘渝地区栗疫菌低毒力菌株dsRNA的转化研究

通过对采自湘渝两地区板栗上的溃疡斑进行分离，共得到56个菌株，各菌株经检测，有11个中低、低毒力菌株和1个中等毒力菌株含dsRNA，所有供试强毒菌株均不形成电泳带。通过弱毒菌株对毒菌株的转化，结果表明，弱毒力菌株对毒力菌株的转化率表现出较大差异，其中，弱毒力菌株185、618、293对所试的10个毒力菌株转化情况较好，转化率均在90％以上。弱毒力菌株729、518、392对毒菌株的转化差异较大，转化率在20—80％之间不等。     

松毛虫CPV可湿性粉剂的研制

试验结果表明:松毛虫 CPV 可研制成可湿性粉荆,其毒力与原病毒液的毒力差异不显著:可湿性粉剂经普通冰箱保存1年左右,其毒力基夺稳定;丙酮对病毒毒力有钝化作用,不宜用作脱水剂;加工流程只能选用比较理想的流程4,并选用固体湿润剂.     

两种新型药剂对东北大黑鳃金龟的防治试验

在对 5种杀虫剂进行初选的基础上 ,确定 3%米乐尔颗粒剂和 4 0 %毒丝本乳油的最佳使用剂量为米乐尔每公顷用量 4 5 kg,毒丝本每公顷用量 2 2 5 0 ml,达到防治要求 ;米乐尔和毒丝本对 1龄幼虫的杀虫效果明显高于 3龄幼虫 ;春季做床时 ,用 3%米乐尔颗粒剂作毒土层效果优于 4 0 %毒丝本乳油 ,而毒土层法对东北大黑鳃金龟的防效又好于定植或出苗后在床面喷药的效果。     

6种药剂对羊蹄甲蚜虫防治的药效研究

采用喷雾法测定了 5 种杀虫剂对棉蚜（Aphis gossypii）的室内毒力,比较了 6 种杀虫剂对苗圃 中羊蹄甲（Bauhinia purpurea）袋苗上棉蚜的防治效果,同时分析了药剂对羊蹄甲生长指标的影响。结果显 示： 0.25% 吡蚜酮对防治棉蚜效果最好, LC50 仅为 2.296 mg/L, 25% 噻虫嗪效果最差, LC50 为 41.396 mg/L。 6 种杀虫剂对苗圃袋苗上棉蚜的防治效果差异显著。施药处理 7 d 后, 2.5% 高效氯氟氰菊酯、 0.25% 吡蚜 酮和 1.2% 烟碱 · 苦参碱的防治效果最好,防治效果分别为 94.58%、 94.09% 和 89.16%。同时施用过高效氯 氟氰菊酯后的羊蹄甲袋苗在苗高、地径、地上部分鲜质量和地上部分干质量 4 个生长指标上均显著高于未 处理的袋苗。因此 2.5% 高效氯氟氰菊酯和 0.25% 吡蚜酮对防治羊蹄甲苗期棉蚜有较好的速效性和持效性, 同时 1.2% 烟碱 · 苦参碱也具有较高的防治效果,可以作为替代药剂穿插施用,以降低害虫抗药性风险。     

27种杀虫剂对美国白蛾幼虫的室内毒力比较

美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea)始发于北美,属鳞翅目,灯蛾科(Liuetal.,2006),为害行道树、花卉、果树和大田作物等。1979年中朝边境首次发现后,由北向南逐年扩展,京、津、辽、冀、鲁均有暴发历史(魏晓棠等,2006)。由于成虫具有较强飞行扩散能     

丙硫磷对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制能力及其毒力与药效研究*

以两种对称型有机磷杀虫剂倍硫磷和敌敌畏为对照，利用Ｅｌｌｍａｎ法测定了不对称有机磷杀虫剂丙硫磷（Ｐｒｏｔｈｉｏｆｏｓ）对体外乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡｃｈＥ）的抑制能力，并对褐刺蛾（Ｓｅｔｏｒａｐｏｓｔｏｒ－ｎａｔａＨａｍｐｓｏｎ）进行了３种杀虫剂的触杀毒力测定和野外药效试验。结果表明，丙硫磷为弱的ＡｃｈＥ体外抑制剂，酶抑制能力与毒力和药效间无相关性，抑制能力最差的丙硫磷对褐刺蛾幼虫毒力最强，野外药效也最好。说明丙硫磷的三元不对称结构和特殊的毒效基团与其高效低毒的特点之间可能有着密切的联系。     

低毒杀虫剂对悬铃木方翅网蝽的室内毒力测定

采用浸虫法测定了9种低毒杀虫剂对悬铃木方翅网蝽高龄若虫的毒力,结果表明:吡虫啉、印楝素和绿僵菌对高龄若虫没有触杀活性,其余6种药剂的毒力大小依次是甲维盐>阿维菌素>联苯菊酯>鱼藤酮>三唑磷>敌百虫,建议使用甲维盐、阿维菌素、联苯菊酯和鱼藤酮进行悬铃木方翅网蝽的应急防治。     

The effects of cold pre-treatment on the toxicity of several contact insecticides on adults of three Sitophilus granarius (L.) populations

As very little is known about the impact of cold pre-treatments on insecticidal toxicity to the surviving stored-product insects, we examined the effects of cooling (?5 °C) on the toxicity of five contact insecticides to Sitophilus granarius adults from three populations (laboratory, field and selected). We determined: (a) weevil lethal time after exposure to ?5 °C, (b) the effects of two cold pre-treatments (LT₂₀ and LT₅₀—lethal time for 20 and 50 % of exposed adults) on 24 and 72 h recovery rates of laboratory adults after exposure to five insecticides and (c) deltamethrin, dichlorvos and malathion toxicity to two weevil populations with altered insecticide susceptibility after exposure to the LT₂₀ and LT₅₀ pre-treatments. The tested S. granarius populations showed no significant differences in their susceptibility to cooling. All insecticides except dichlorvos were more toxic to the laboratory weevils after 24 h than after 72 h recovery from the LT₂₀ pre-treatment. Dichlorvos and deltamethrin were more toxic to the other two populations after 72 h of recovery. Comparing the effects of cold pre-treatment and non-treatment on the laboratory strain, no significant increase in the toxicity of insecticides was detected, while only deltamethrin was significantly more toxic to the field and selected populations recovering for 24 h (12.1 and 11.0 times, respectively) and 72 h (6.9 and 36.6 times) from the LT₂₀ pre-treatment. In conclusion, only the shorter of the two cold pre-treatments was found effective in terms of increasing the insecticidal toxicity, especially against the populations with altered susceptibility to insecticides.     

Field evolved resistance to carbamates,organophosphates, pyrethroids,and new chemistry insecticides in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera litura</Emphasis> Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest and has been shown to be resistant to a wide range of insecticides, which has led to sporadic out breaks of the pest and failure of crops. We were interested to establish if resistance to insecticides is diverse in different populations of S. litura collected from various areas with variable temperatures. We collected S. litura from eight different locations and compare the toxicity of insecticides. Resistance to the pyrethroids ranged from 20- to 11,700-fold compared with the Lab-PK (laboratory susceptible population). The resistance to bifenthrin was the lowest in a population collected from Multan and the highest to esfenvalerate in a population collected from Lodhran. Similarly, very high level of resistance to spinosad, indoxacarb, and methoxyfenozide was observed in all eight populations. In contrast, resistance to organophosphates was significantly lower than the pyrethroids, spinosad, indoxacarb, and methoxyfenozide, while toxicity of emamectin to field populations was similar to the Lab-Pk. The results are discussed in relation to integrated pest management (IPM) for S. litura with special reference to management of field evolved resistance to insecticides.     

5种植物源杀虫剂对淡竹毒蛾幼虫的毒力及林间防治效果

为筛选出有效控制淡竹毒蛾幼虫的药剂,以制定无公害防治淡竹毒蛾决策,2017年在福建省沙县选用5种植物源杀虫剂,对危害方竹林的淡竹毒蛾幼虫进行室内毒力测定和开展林间防治试验。室内毒力测定结果表明：1%苦皮藤素可溶液、4%鱼藤酮乳油、0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液、1.2%烟碱·苦参碱可溶液、1.5%苦参碱可溶液对淡竹毒蛾幼虫的LC₅₀分别为0.973、1.062、1.216、0.482、0.836 mg/L,以1.2%烟碱·苦参碱可溶液剂对淡竹毒蛾幼虫毒性最强,5种不同植物源杀虫剂对淡竹毒蛾幼虫均有杀虫作用。林间防治效果表明：药后3 d,5种植物源杀虫剂的防治效果均为90%以上,以苦参碱类药剂防治效果最好,2种苦参碱类药剂的林间最佳使用浓度均为1 500倍液;1%苦皮藤素可溶液和0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液林间最佳使用浓度为1 000倍液;4%鱼藤酮乳油林间防治最佳使用浓度为1 200倍液。测试的5种不同植物源杀虫剂均对淡竹毒蛾幼虫有良好的杀虫作用,是无公害防治淡竹毒蛾幼虫的有效药剂。     

Susceptibility of the spider Theridion impressum to 17 pesticides

Susceptibility of immature individuals of the spider Theridion impressum to 17 pesticides (6 insecticides, 4 acaricides, 4 fungicides and 3 herbicides) was tested in the laboratory. The pesticides were applied at recommended rates in a Potter tower. Mortality was evaluated for 4 subsequent days. Broad-spectrum insecticides, cypermethrin+chlorpyrofos (Nurelle), α-cypermethrin (Vaztak), and deltamethrin (Decis), were toxic to spiders. Selective insecticides, pirimicarb (Pirimor), Bacillus thuringiensis (Novodor), and triazamate (Aztec), were harmless. All tested acaricides, pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic), flufenoxuron (Cascade), τ-fluvalinate+thiometon (Mavrik), and bifenthrin (Talstar) showed high toxicity. Of the fungicides, dithianon (Delan), benomyl (Fundazol), iprodione (Rovral), and dodine (Syllit), only dithianon was slightly harmful, while the remaining fungicides were harmful. All herbicides, metazachlor (Butisan), clomazone (Command), and clopyralid (Lontrel), were harmless to T. impressum. Three selective insecticides, 3 fungicides and 3 herbicides are recommended for use in plant protection.