立柱式紧压茶叶机设计

世界上生产的茶叶以条索和片状为主,紧压茶有蒸压后发酵的砖茶和沱茶.为此,介绍了一种立柱式紧压茶叶机来加工成紧压茶块的方法,并就其工作原理及立柱的受力情况进行了初步研究分析.试验证明,利用所设计的紧压茶叶机即可以压砖茶,又可以压小块绿茶,不仅降低了工人的劳动强度,而且提高了生产效率和紧压茶的品质.     

茶叶紧压机的凸轮推杆运动分析

采用凸轮顶杆式压紧机构设计了一种小型茶叶紧压机,可以克服传统手工包揉成型制作紧压茶劳动强度大、工效低和形状不规范等缺点,同时具有结构简单、成本低、效率高和适用性强的特点.对其凸轮推杆机构进行了运动分析、受力分析和结构的研究设计,从而为提高紧压茶品质和保持其物理性质提供理论依据.     

茶叶理条技术及机械研究进展

茶叶理条技术是扁形茶和针形茶加工过程中一道关键技术,对茶叶的外形和品质有重要影响.为此,综述茶叶理条技术及机械研究进展,重点从理条机的传动结构、U型槽结构设计、加热方式、控制方式4个方面总结其存在的问题及研究现状,由此指出茶叶理条机存在机构创新不足、热能利用率低、加工标准不统一等问题.同时展望应加大理条机研发力度、选用...     

滚筒式茶叶揉捻机的试验研究

揉捻是茶叶初步成形和叶细胞破碎的关键。现有的揉捻机揉捻质量较高，但也存在质量依赖操作者技能，效率不高等影响茶叶产业发展的问题。为此对这些问题进行了分析，探讨了解决问题的方法，介绍了连续式揉捻机的结构，并就揉捻性能与现有的揉捻机进行了对比分析。     

茶叶加工机械化技术应用研究与分析

茶叶需要经历一系列的工序之后,才能够变成高品质的茶叶成品.从当前机械化技术引入茶叶产业的情况来看,机械化技术能够有效推动茶叶产业在新时期的转型升级,对机械化技术在茶叶产业中的应用进行深入研究,具有重要现实意义.笔者简述了茶叶加工机械化技术,分析了茶叶加工机械化技术应用情况,并介绍了茶叶杀青机等具体的茶叶加工机械设备,提...     

茶叶生产与加工机械化

我国产茶历史悠久,茶叶种类名目繁多,但归纳起来主要为6大类:即绿茶、红茶、青茶(乌龙茶)、黄茶、黑茶和白茶。此外,还有使用上述6种茶作为原料制成的再加工茶,如花茶、紧压茶和袋泡茶等。而我国是以绿茶生产为主的产茶国,绿茶产量约占全国茶叶总产量的73%。仅绿茶而言,又分4大种类、近20个品目。从茶叶生产与加工机械化的角度出发,茶叶生产与     

茶叶生产与加工机械化

我国产茶历史悠久，茶叶种类名目繁多，但归纳起来主要为6大类：即绿茶、红茶、青茶（乌龙茶）、黄茶、黑茶和白茶。此外，还有使用上述6种茶作为原料制成的再加工茶，如花茶、紧压茶和袋泡茶等。而我国是以绿茶生产为主的产茶国，绿茶产量约占全国茶叶总产量的73％。仅绿茶而言，又分4大种类、近20个品目。     

湖北省竹溪县农机局充分利用惠农政策调动农民购机积极性：茶叶机械走俏“茶乡”

近年来,在素有"中国茶叶之乡"美誉的湖北省竹溪县,随着种茶的普遍和规模化经营,农民对茶叶生产和加工机械需求迫切.该县农机局充分利用农机购置补贴等惠农政策调动农民购机用机积极性,满足需求,推动当地茶叶产业发展,使得茶叶生产和加工机械在当地非常走俏.     

滚筒式茶叶热风复干机设计与试验

针对茶叶复干机热能利用率低、茶叶受热不均匀及生产率低等问题,为提高茶叶加工的品质及产量,设计了一种滚筒式茶叶热风复干机。阐述了复干机的基本结构及工作原理,并对其关键部件进行了理论分析,确定了滚筒、传动系统、热风控制柜等关键部件参数。运用CFD-DEM耦合仿真方法分析了滚筒不同转速下筒体内茶叶颗粒的分离比率及温度变化情况,得出滚筒转速为15 r/min时,茶叶颗粒分离比率及温度变化最优,复干效果最佳。在设计与仿真的基础上,设计了一组传统的滚筒式茶叶复干机试验,并与本文所设计的复干机试验相对照,结果表明:当滚筒转速为15 r/min、选用三级鲜叶作为原料时,复干机的生产率、含水率、碎茶率、电耗率及有效工作温度分别为65 kg/h、3. 5%、0. 8%、0. 6 kW·h/kg、130℃,复干机加工的茶叶感官达到特级标准,各项指标均优于传统机器,且满足复干机的工作要求。     

我国茶叶杀青机研究进展分析

杀青是绿茶加工的关键步骤,对绿茶良好香气和品质的形成影响重大。综述我国茶叶杀青机的研究现状,归纳总结国内外具有代表性的机型和技术,重点分析茶叶杀青机炉体、导叶板、控制系统、加热装置等关键部件的核心技术与研究进展,在分析的基础上总结现有研究存在的不足主要有:缺乏相关政策支持、标准化建设滞后机器振动和噪音均较大、热能利用率低、自动化程度较低等,同时指出绿色化、标准化、智能化为我国茶叶杀青机未来的发展方向,以此提出以政府为主导,完善相关补贴政策,加强行业标准建设,促进行业协调化发展;完善茶叶杀青机相关技术研发,加强模块化、绿色化、智能化设计的发展建议。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.