UASB处理沤麻废水回用于沤麻的试验

采用UASB反应器处理亚麻沤制废水,水力停留时间为24 h,进水COD浓度为6000～7100 mg.L-1时,出水COD浓度降低到2000 mg.L-1左右,COD去除率达到60%以上;沤麻废水经UASB处理后再回用于沤麻,沤麻过程中COD和pH的变化趋势与只用自来水沤麻相似,当COD小于2000 mg.L-1时,脱胶时间为80 h左右,比自然脱胶时间缩短10 h,而COD大于2000 mg.L-1时,脱胶时间反而比自然脱胶长,表明沤麻废水经处理COD在2000 mg.L-1以内再回用于沤麻是可行的。     

海藻酸钠固定化磷脂酶用于大豆油脱胶

本文研究了以海藻酸钠为载体固定化磷脂酶A1的固定化条件及固定化后的磷脂酶A1用于大豆油脱胶。考察了海藻酸钠浓度、酶添加量、钙离子浓度、戊二醛浓度和固定化时间等因素对磷脂酶A1固定化效果的影响,结果表明:当海藻酸钠浓度2.0%、酶添加量1.0mL、钙离子浓度0.2mol/L、戊二醛浓度0.4%和固定化时间5h时,固定化效果较好。脱胶过程中分别以酶添加量、反应时间、反应温度和反应起始pH值为单因素进行试验,结果表明:当酶添加量0.10g/kg油、反应时间4h、反应温度58℃和起始pH值5.8时磷含量降至最低约为9.87mg/kg,此时大豆油脱胶效果最佳。     

影响厌氧发酵生物产氢因素的试验研究

本文采用经预热处理后的河底污泥,对其利用有机物厌氧生物产氢过程中的几种主要影响因素进行了试验研究.结果表明,在起始pH值为6.5,反应温度为35 ℃时,该污泥可利用木糖、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、纤维二糖、淀粉等多种糖类物质为基质产生氢气,其中,以木糖为基质时,累计产氢量和产氢速率均较低;反应温度和起始pH值均对厌氧产氢过程具有显著影响,最佳温度为35 ℃最佳起始pH值为6.5.在上述条件下,以葡萄糖(COD＝20.0 g·L-1)为基质时,可获得最大的累计产氢量为323.75 mlH2·gTVS-1,产氢速率为37.64 mlH2·gTVS-1h-1,气体中氢气含量约为50%.     

厌氧—接触氧化工艺处理VB12、淀粉混合废水的研究

本文叙述了采用厌氧—接触氧化工艺处理维生素B12 、淀粉混合废水的中试研究情况。试验结果表明 :采用上流式厌氧污泥床反应器 ,在 35℃± 1℃的条件下 ,当进水COD为 1 31 31mg·L- 1时 ,COD去除率可达到 95 9% ,容积负荷为 1 3 2 7kgCOD·m- 3d- 1;厌氧出水经接触氧化反应器处理后COD值可低于 30 0mg·L- 1,COD去除率为 49 9% ;整体工艺COD去除率可达到 97 7%。     

沼气生物脱硫工艺的小试研究

对采用填料塔吸收和生物氧化工艺去除沼气中H2S进行小试研究,生物氧化采用生物膜工艺。研究了pH,气液体积比,吸收液温度和溶解氧浓度等因素对去除H2S的影响。沼气中H2S含量在3000~4000 mg.m-3,吸收液pH为7.8左右,气液体积比10∶1,吸收液温度25℃条件下,处理后H2S浓度低于200 mg.m-3,H2S去除率大于90%。H2S生物氧化主要产物为单质硫和SO42-,控制DO在1.0 mg.L-1左右,生成硫酸根比例小于5%。     

两级泡沫分离废水中大豆蛋白的工艺

为了有效处理高浓度大豆蛋白废水,在研究初始pH值、表观气速和温度特别是在较高温度（60℃）对泡沫分离大豆蛋白废水效果影响的基础上,建立了可同时提高富集比和回收率的两级泡沫分离工艺。在60℃时,对大豆蛋白质量浓度为4.0 g/L的废水泡沫分离,富集比比常温时提高4倍多。两级泡沫分离工艺中,第一级分离在大豆蛋白质量浓度为4.0 g/L,初始pH值为7.0,表观气速0.133 cm/s,60℃下操作,富集比为7.71,残液作为第二级泡沫分离的进料;第二级分离先在20℃,表观气速0.133 cm/s下进行,待塔顶     

养猪业常用抗生素的发光细菌急性毒性研究

猪场废水中常常含有饲用和医用抗生素,不仅影响废水生物处理,也直接污染受纳水体。试验采用发光细菌急性毒性测试法,测定了养猪业常用抗生素的急性毒性。结果表明,在室温20℃~25℃,pH值为6.98~7.02的条件下,林可霉素,青霉素G钠和杆菌肽的半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为:19.45 g·L-1,10.10 g·L-1和6.91 g·L-1,属于轻度毒性物质;氯霉素、恩诺沙星、硫酸链霉素、氟苯尼考的IC50分别为473 mg·L-1,157 mg·L-1,142 mg·L-1和95 mg·L-1,属于中度毒性物质;盐酸金霉素和硫酸多粘菌素的IC50分别为12 mg·L-1和4 mg·L-1,属于高度毒性物质。根据养猪业常用抗生素的发光细菌急性毒性数据,可以初步判断抗生素对猪场废水生物处理的影响,分析猪场废水的环境风险。     

一株嗜碱菌果胶酶产生条件的研究

果胶酶已广泛应用于传统的工业加工过程中,如织物和植物纤维的处理、咖啡和茶的发酵、油的提取、污染果胶的污水处理等。为此,研究了嗜碱菌AL-103产果胶酶的条件。结果表明,最适产酶的碳源为果胶,氮源为蛋白胨和酵母提取物;产酶的最适条件:起始培养酸碱度为pH10.0;温度为30℃;培养时间为43h。     

山东淀粉及赖氨酸废水处理工程

介绍了采用UASB+CASS工艺处理淀粉及赖氨酸废水的工程实例,废水CODcr浓度在6000mg·L-1左右时,经本工艺处理后出水CODcr浓度小于150mg·L-1,达到国家排放标准,为类似废水的处理提供借鉴经验.     

高盐度难降解工业废水生化处理的研究

通过逐步提高有机负荷和盐浓度的方法 ,驯化出耐高浓度盐污泥 ,在进水NaCl浓度为( 2 6 8～ 4 72 )× 1 0 4mg·L- 1之间时 ,系统的单位污泥负荷较低 ,只有 0 32kgCOD·kgVSS- 1·d- 1,保持反应器较高的污泥浓度可使容积负荷达到 1 6kgCOD·m- 3·d- 1,COD和苯乙酸去除率可以达到95 %以上。驯化后的污泥能适应瞬时盐浓度变化冲击。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。