黔东南苗族传统木结构民居现状与展望

黔东南地区苗族木结构房屋有其独特的建造特点,但缺乏现代木结构建造技术和规范,目前尚存在发展障碍笔者简要介绍了黔东南地区传统民居选址、建筑特点及存在问题,并提出相应的对策和建议。     

北美地区微型木结构房屋的发展现状(一):市场需求

北美地区木材资源丰富,有悠久的木结构建筑传统。随着21世纪初美国小房屋运动的兴起以及受2008年美国次贷危机的影响,北美地区微型房屋的建设进入到了一个快速发展阶段。微型木结构房屋是微型房屋的一个重要组成部分,在解决无家可归问题和缓解低收入人群住房压力上发挥了积极的作用。此外,微型木结构房屋在旅游市场、灾后重建、难民问题和人口密集城市住房问题等细分领域也越来越受到重视。本文梳理了北美地区微型房屋发展的过程,对美国和加拿大两国的无家可归问题、低收入人群住房问题以及微型房屋社区的发展情况进行了整理分析。此外,还对微型木结构房屋在北美地区的度假酒店、灾后重建及城市住房等市场中的需求进行了分析。通过一系列的数据和微型房屋的实际案例分析,发现北美地区的微型房屋市场进入了一个快速发展时期,其中微型木结构房屋是微型房屋最主要的结构形式之一。本文为现代木结构在微型房屋中的应用提供了一些基本信息。     

我国现代木结构建筑研究现状

介绍了古木建筑与现代木结构建筑的特点,叙述了我国木结构研究的发展历程,着重从标准制定、构件材料、结构性能和构造设计四个方面阐述了近几年来国内在现代木结构建筑方面所做的研究工作,分析了我国木结构研究现状,指出了研究方面存在的问题,并对我国木结构进一步研究提出建议。     

现代木结构应用前景良好

木材一直是人们使用的最基本的材料，中国木结构建筑曾在世界建筑史上留下了辉煌的篇章，古典园林中也不乏经典的木制园林小品、建筑，其中一些优秀的木结构建筑和小品由于高超的建造技艺和绝妙的造型设计，令人叹为观止，虽然经历了上千年的风雨，依然屹立不倒在国外，木材也被广泛应用于建筑行业，北美85％的人居住在现代木结构房屋里，每年新造150万房屋中，采用木框架结构的趟过90％，尤其高档别墅几乎全部是木制。目前，英国、澳大利亚、新西兰、北欧、日本等国家、地区也普遍采用木结构。     

世界木结构房屋研究的最新进展

分析了我国木结构建筑研究的现状;根据国外木结构研究内容,从六个方面详细介绍国外木结构房屋研究的最新进展,总结了木结构研究的发展趋势,提出了我国木结构房屋研究的发展思路.     

装配式木结构建筑构件在室内设计中的应用探讨

在室内设计中大量应用装配式现代木结构建筑构件,不仅能够体现室内设计整体风格及特点,同时也能明显降低室内各类原材料消耗,从而达到资源优化利用的目的。阐释了装配式木结构建筑构件特征,介绍了装配式木结构建筑结构类型,论述了现代木结构建筑室内设计风格,在此基础上,进一步探讨了装配式木结构建筑构件在室内设计中的应用前景。     

木结构建筑居适环境的感知评价

为了倡导低碳建筑、绿色建筑的理念,来提升人居环境的品质,营造健康的人居环境。通过对三种不同类型的房屋建筑形式,进行了感官评价和POMS心境状态评价。研究表明,人们在不同天气环境状态下处于不同房屋类型环境中,对于原木结构和胶合木结构的房屋的舒适性评价、安静评价、温暖感评价均很大程度的优于钢混结构房屋。POMS量表对于积极情绪变量,人们处于原木结构和胶合木结构房屋时,体现出的心境状态优于钢混结构房屋,其中人们处于胶合木结构房屋时的心境状态稍微优于原木结构房屋。对于消极情绪变量,人们处于钢混结构房屋时会出现不良的心境状态,显著的高于原木结构和胶合木结构房屋。     

河北森居木结构胶合梁生产线投产

正根据国务院最新出台的《关于大力发展装配式建筑的指导意见》,及以京津冀、长三角、珠三角三大城市群为重点推进地区,因地制宜发展混凝土结构、钢结构和现代木结构等装配式建筑,力争用10年左右的时间,使装配式建筑占新建建筑面积的比例达到30%的发展规划,装配式建筑将迎来快速发展的新时期。博海木工机械有限公司积极响应并推进木结构的预制化、标准化、工业化,开发木结构节能、环保技术应用,2016年10月,在河北森居木结构房屋     

我国穿斗式木结构建筑研究现状与发展建议

穿斗式木结构建筑是指由穿枋与立柱通过穿插形成的木构架为支撑体系的建筑形式,具有安全耐用、抗震性能好、建造成本低等特点,是我国古代最受欢迎的民用建筑类型之一。通过对传统木结构建筑特点、研究现状及存在问题的阐述与探讨,提出运用现代木结构设计与建造方法,对传统穿斗式木结构进行转型升级,以推动其高质量发展。这对于继承和发扬传统建筑建造技术,促进具有中国特色的现代木结构发展具有重要意义。     

木结构的回归——轻型木框架结构体系

从2002年底到今年三月份以来,全国很多媒体都陆续刊登了几条消息,报道说美国、加拿大等世界木业巨头纷纷进入中国,向中国各大城市推广北美的木结构房屋。笔者的研究领域恰好是木结构房屋,想借这个机会向大家对木结构做一个简单的介绍。木结构建筑是人类最早兴建的建筑结构之一,     

基于拆装式结构的定制木楼梯扶手结构研究

通过对定制木楼梯扶手特点的分析,明确了可拆装定制木楼梯扶手设计的关键在于扶手部件接合方式的设计,并结合木楼梯在定制家具生产过程中存在的局限性,总结出基于拆装式结构的定制木楼梯扶手结构的设计原则。通过实际案例,对可拆装结构的定制木楼梯扶手设计进行具体分析。将可拆装的理念与定制木楼梯扶手结构相结合,以期满足现代家具定制化生产需求,同时克服了现有木楼梯接合方式安全性和美观性不强的缺陷,为现代家具结构设计与定制生产提供新思路。     

木质居室环境综合评价

采用模糊数学理论研究人们对木质居室环境的综合评价,并将其与传统建筑物的室内环境进行了比较。通过调查研究表明,专家们对木质复合墙体结构住宅的室内环境的评价较高,这种结构的住宅在人们的主观意识中能得到认可。     

Collapsing process simulations of timber structures under dynamic loading III: numerical simulations of real-size wooden houses

In this study, we developed a new analysis method that enables numerical simulations of the collapse process of real-size wooden houses and evaluated the accuracy thereof by carrying out numerical simulations by shaking table tests. The distinct element method was adopted as the basic theory of our numerical analysis. This research is the first approach in which the extended distinct element method was used for Japanese timber post-and-beam construction. The size of the analysis model is a 5.5 m × 5.5 m, two-story real-size wooden house. The three analytical models were developed in terms of the strength of exterior mortar walls. The simulation results were compared with the shaking table test results. One of the collapsing processes of the numerical simulation corresponds well to the experiment results. Assessment of the possibility of collapse for real-size wooden houses was determined to be possible using our newly developed numerical analysis method.     

Development of a joint system using a compressed wooden fastener I: evaluation of pull-out and rotation performance for a column—sill joint

Compressed wooden plates and dowels were used to connect members in post-and-beam structures as a substitute for a steel fastener. In order to take advantage of the characteristic properties of compressed wood and to achieve optimum joint performance, two compressed wooden plates were used in each joint to give multiple shear planes for each compressed wooden dowel. Consequently, this type of joint showed very good properties in pull-out and momen-trotation performance, and its engineering design could be further optimized. This joint is expected to be introduced to many kinds of structural systems, including long-span frame structures made of domestic timber found in Japanese residential houses.     

Role of social aspects in extent of on-farm tree growing in subsistence agroforestry systems of Western Himalaya

Many so-called society-oriented agroforestry programs, mainly in developing countries, fail because they do not take account of the social structure in their design. This study provides empirical evidence of the impact of social structure on the extent of on-farm tree growing. The study has been carried out in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, in Indian Western Himalaya. Analysis of survey data reveals significant relationships between extent of on-farm tree growing and caste, education of the head of household, family literacy, primary occupation, government employment, mobility of the household head, importance of tree growing for future generations, and holy tree worship practices. Households with concrete houses had more trees than households with mixed, mud and wooden houses. The study implies a need to consider social factors to encourage the level of on-farm tree growing and to design socially acceptable agroforestry programs. The study also emphasises the need for a holistic approach to agroforestry development by integrating other continuing rural development programs with that of agroforestry to increase the level of on-farm tree growing.     

Current Situation and Future Development of Timber Structural Houses in China

INTRODUCTIONAccompanied with the steady economic growth andimprovement of people’s living standards in China, highquality timber structural houses are drawing moreattention. Due to the introduction of foreign modernwooden house constructing techniques, timberstructural houses have sprang up in China, especiallyin some metropolises such as Beijing and Shanghai(Figures 1 to 3). At present, there are three types oftimber structures being adopted in China, whichincludes sawn and round timb…     

Difficulties of wooden housing production sector in Brazil

ABSTRACT

This research identified the central hindrances found in Brazilian wooden housing scenario in the fields of finished product, producer, and sector. Thus, a questionnaire with three qualitative questions based on multiple-choice answers allowed investigating the difficulties faced by these producers in Brazil. This sector still faces obstacles in the three observed fields, especially for the negative aspects of house financing, housing technique certification, skilled hand labour, general costs incurred in local production, tax exemptions, public policies, utilization of wooden houses in public works, and other factors. These obstacles in wooden housing sector have created limitations of production potential and restrictions of its market. A current panorama from these obstacles was formed, which could contribute with sectoral development. Actions such as creation and institution of incentives and specific policies should consolidate as the main direction to reduce these difficulties faced by the wooden housing producers.     

木结构房屋制造工艺及加工设备

分析了轻型木结构房屋和原木结构房屋的制造工艺及加工设备,并对木结构房屋加工过程中使用的专用设备进行了介绍,展望了建造木结构房屋使用的主要设备的数控化发展趋势。     

柔性生产在常州木梳生产中的应用

在企业调查的基础上,归纳出常州传统木梳的材料特性,主要加工工序、工艺;运用柔性生产理念,对每一道工序、工艺进行对比分析,采用合适的制造技术对具体的工艺进行改造,以形成木梳柔性生产流水线,以有限的投入创造更高的经济效益.     

榫卯结构在木构建筑中的传承与发展

木构建筑的榫卯结构作为我国传统文化的瑰宝,在现代建筑中应用广泛。笔者通过对现存木构建筑中榫卯的作用以及种类的分析,归纳了木构建筑中的几种常用的榫卯及其应用方式。通过查阅资料以及实地考察,分析了国内外建筑中榫卯的应用方法,归纳出榫卯结构在现代建筑的应用现状与发展前景。从榫卯的材料和结构方面出发,介绍了现阶段榫卯的创新发展现状,结合其在建筑中应用的方法与未来发展方向,提出了榫卯的创新方向及趋势。对榫卯进行应用分析并为未来的发展提供大致的方向,为今后榫卯的再设计奠定坚实的基础,有利于对其进行更好的传承和发展。