西双版纳石斛属药用植物资源

石斛属(Dendrobium)植物属兰科，我国约有74种2变种，目前供作药用的石斛属植物51种，主要分布于热带东南亚和大洋洲。西双版纳有石斛43种、1变种，是我国石斛属种类分布最多的地区之一。其中不少种类是我国传统的中药材，如金钗石斛、束花石斛、迭鞘石斛等，以新鲜或干燥茎入药。石斛具有益胃生津、滋阴清热之功效。     

北京发展石斛兰产业的前瞻性探讨

正石斛属(Dendrobium)是兰科大属,全球有1500种左右,绝大多数为附生兰类,主要分布于亚洲、大洋洲的热带和亚热带地区,位于北纬15°31′至南纬25°12′之间。我国有81个原生种(变种),绝大多数自然生长在秦岭以南地区。石斛有生津、润喉、抗菌、防癌及延缓衰老功效。《神农本草经》将其列为上品。金钗石斛(D.nobile)、铁皮石斛     

北方保护地条件下石斛属植物观赏类型筛选研究

本文运用灰色关联度分析法研究北方保护地条件下9个铁皮石斛品系和石斛属其他11种植物的观赏特性,筛选不同观赏类型。其中,适宜室内观赏盆栽的有3个品系:s120、s1、s100;适宜作小盆景的有2个品系:品系1301、s95;适宜垂吊栽培观赏的有3个品系和4个种:s145、s126、s300、紫皮石斛(齿瓣石斛Dendrobium devoninum)、束花石斛(Dendrobium chrysanthum)、球花石斛(Dendrobium thyrsiflorum)、龟背石斛(Dendrobium lindleyi)。综合观赏性最高的是品系s1,其次是s126、束花石斛、紫皮石斛(齿瓣石斛)、龟背石斛、s300、s13。     

石斛栽培技术

<正>石斛为兰科植物金钗石斛(Dendrobium nobile Lindl.)或同属多种植物,别名扁金钗、吊兰花,属多年生草本植物。石斛以茎、果入药,是我国中医传统补阴药,具有养阴生津、清胃热、养胃阴、助消化等功效,对慢性萎缩性胃炎、心脑疾患,防癌抗癌、防老抗衰等均有较好的疗效,经深度开发的成药与保健     

广东的石斛种类及其栽培

一、引言石斛属(Dcndrobium)是兰科植物中的一大属,全属约1600种,主产东亚、东南亚及澳大利亚等地。国产石斛属在60种以上,其中有20种分布在广东,并且有10种为我国特有种或仅分布于广东。可见广东为国产石斛属的分布中心之一。我省的北部山区和海南岛是石斛属的主要产地。石斛的花姿优美,花色丰富,花期持久并具芬香,为兰种植物中观赏价值最高的种     

宁夏濒危野生植物灰叶铁线莲播种及扦插繁育技术研究

铁线莲属(Clematis L.)植物属毛茛科(Ranunculaceae),多为木质或草质藤本,少数为直立草本或灌木[1].铁线莲属在全世界约有300种[2,3],主要分布于热带和亚热带地区,温带寒温带也有分布.我国约133种[2,4],是该属植物资源最丰富的国家,分布范围相当广阔.     

中国工程院院士在干邦亚

正铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo),属兰科(Orchidaceae)石斛属(Dendrobium),唐代医学经典《道藏》将铁皮石斛列为九大仙草之首,我国现存最早的中医学专著《名医列录》、《本草纲目》等均以铁皮石斛为药用上品。在中医药界,铁皮石斛素有千金草、软黄金、植物黄金之美称。铁皮石斛对提高人体免疫力、增强体质、抗衰老等有明显效果;对肠胃疾病、心血管疾病、糖尿病和抑制肿瘤生长等方面都具有一定疗效。因此,铁皮石斛产品深得消费者青睐,形成了巨大的市场空间,如今身价已与冬虫夏草比肩。云南瑞丽干邦亚野生品质石斛庄园,位于中缅     

林下药用植物齿瓣石斛的8种高效种植模式

齿瓣石斛（Dendrobium devonianum Paxt．）,又名香棍草、大黄草,为兰科石斛属植物,附生于热带和亚热带地区丛林的树上或阴湿岩石上,多分布于云南、广西等地,是我国低纬度地区重要的林下药用植物资源。齿瓣石斛的药用成分石斛多糖、石斛碱、氨基酸、矿物质元素等和铁皮石斛相近,其多糖含量还稍高于铁皮石斛。     

南非羊蹄甲的离体培养和植株再生

南非羊蹄甲(Bauhinia galpinii)为豆科(Leguminosae)羊蹄甲属(Bauhinia L.)植物.该属植物世界分布约600余种,遍布于热带地区,我国有40种,生长于南部和西南部[1],为灌木、藤本及小乔木,是深根性树种,易栽培难移栽,抗炎热耐干旱贫瘠土壤,绝大多数种类不耐寒.     

石斛兰的繁育技术

石斛兰Dendrobium nobileLindl,又名石斛,为兰科石斛属植物,茎丛生,直立,上部多回折状,梢扁,长10厘米～60厘米,粗达1.3厘米,具槽纹,节略粗,基部收窄。叶近革质,矩圆形,长8厘米～11厘米,宽1厘米～3厘米,顶端2圆裂。花期有叶或无叶;总状花序具1朵～4朵花。自然分布于台湾、广东、     

Antimicrobial activity of some endemic plants growing in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey

The Eastern Black Sea Region has an extensive flora because of ample rainfall lasting all year. In this study, antimicrobial effects of 74 crude extracts of 22 endemic plants were investigated. Among the 30 active crude extracts, water-insoluble crude extracts from Betula medwediewii, Heracleum platytaenium, Primula longipes, Anthemis cretica ssp. argaea and Centaurea helenioides were the prominent ones with their MIC values.     

利用三种梢栖真菌生物防治落叶松枯梢病的研究

从落叶松梢栖真菌筛选出对落叶松枯梢病病原菌有抑制作用的菌株,对落叶松枯梢病进行生物防治。将自落叶松梢部分离到的11种梢栖真菌与落叶松枯梢病病原菌进行对峙培养,根据被覆盖程度、抑菌率、拮抗系数和防治预试验的结果,综合评价后发现:粪生粪壳、深绿木霉和球毛壳3种梢栖真菌对落叶松枯梢病有良好的拮抗作用。利用这3个菌株在黑龙江省勃利县通天一林场国富沟进行林间防治试验,结果表明:防治效果为粪生粪壳>代森锰锌400倍液>深绿木霉>球毛壳;深绿木霉和粪生粪壳喷洒浓度50%和球毛壳喷洒浓度75%时,真菌多样性最多,梢栖真菌系统较其他浓度更为稳定,与化学防治相比,既达到了防治目的又具有不污染环境的优势。     

Screening of antioxidant activity of three Euphorbia species from Turkey

Euphorbia acanthothamnos, E. macroclada and E. rigida were investigated for their antioxidant activity. The antioxidant potential of extracts of E. acanthothamnos, E. macroclada and E. rigida was evaluated using different complementary antioxidant tests.     

Antibacterial activity of plant extracts from Brazilian southeast region

A screening was conducted with 26 plants collected in the Brazilian southeast region, to identify plant extracts with antibacterial properties against Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Initially, the agar diffusion method was employed. Then, those extracts presenting activity were submitted to a broth microdilution assay to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). It was observed that 13 of the tested extracts showed antibacterial activity. The best results were obtained with those from Lantana lilacina and Phyllanthus tenellus.     

Growth and physiological response of six Australian rainforest tree species to a light gradient

An understanding of growth and photosynthetic potential of subtropical rainforest species to variations in light environment can be useful for determining the sequence of species introductions in rainforest restoration projects and mixed species plantations. We examined the growth and physiology of six Australian subtropical rainforest tree species in a greenhouse consisting of three artificial light environments (10%, 30%, and 60% full sunlight). Morphological responses followed the typical sun-shade dichotomy, with early and late secondary species (Elaeocarpus grandis, Flindersia brayleyana, Flindersia schottiana, and Gmelina leichhardtii) displaying higher relative growth rate (RGR) compared to mature stage species (Cryptocarya erythroxylon and Heritiera trifoliolatum). Growth and photosynthetic performance of most species reached a maximum in 30–60% full sunlight. Physiological responses provided limited evidence of a distinct dichotomy between early and late successional species. E. grandis and F. brayleyana, provided a clear representation of early successional species, with marked increase in A_max in high light and an ability to down regulate photosynthetic machinery in low light conditions. The remaining species (F. schottiana, G. leichhardtii, and H. trifoliolatum) were better represented as falling along a shade-tolerant continuum, with limited ability to adjust physiologically to an increase or decrease in light, maintaining similar A_max across all light environments. Results show that most species belong to a shade-tolerant constituency, with an ability to grow and persist across a wide range of light environments. The species offer a wide range of potential planting scenarios and silvicultural options, with ample potential to achieve rapid canopy closure and rainforest restoration goals.     

Insecticidal activity of Vitex mollis

Organic extracts from the leaves of Vitex mollis were assessed for their toxic effect on fall armyworm neonate larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda), an important insect pest of corn. The extracts showed insecticidal and insect growth regulatory activity, being CHCl(3)-MeOH (1:1) extract the most active, also found to be toxic in the Artemia salina test.     

Ungulate herbivory of regenerating conifers in relation to foliar nutrition and terpenoid production

Ungulate browsing greatly influences regeneration dynamics of some forest ecosystems, yet the relationship between browse susceptibility and foliar chemistry of forest tree seedlings is not well understood. We applied field fertilization (15N-9P-10K controlled-release fertilizer at 0, 20, 40, and 60 g per seedling) and investigated how subsequent changes in terpenoid production and foliar nutrition influence ungulate browse preference for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla Raf. Sarg.), and western redcedar (Thujaplicata Donn ex D. Don) seedlings across four sites in northwestern Oregon, USA. Fertilization increased foliar N concentration of all three species, but above-ground growth of only Douglas-fir and western hemlock. Foliar monoterpene concentrations for western hemlock and western redcedar also increased at higher fertilization rates, while Douglas-fir monoterpene production was not affected by fertilization. Regardless of monoterpene levels, ungulate browse preference was greater for fertilized western hemlock seedlings. The opposite response, however, was observed for western redcedar at two of the four study sites where the likelihood of browse was greater for non-fertilized than fertilized seedlings. Differences in browse preference among species may depend on the type and amount of individual monoterpenes manufactured in response to fertilization. Western redcedar produce α- and β-thujone, oxygenated monoterpenes known to promote gastroenteritis and possibly inhibit microbial rumen activity, which were absent from Douglas-fir or western hemlock. Higher concentrations of α- and β-thujone associated with increasing fertilizer rate provide a plausible explanation as to why ungulates preferred non-fertilized western redcedar. Our results illustrate species-specific adaptation in browse avoidance and selective ungulate browsing behavior of individual trees as linked to foliar chemistry.     

Effects of prescribed fire and season of burn on direct and indirect levels of tree mortality in Ponderosa and Jeffrey Pine Forests in California,USA

Many forests that historically experienced frequent low-intensity wildfires have undergone extensive alterations during the past century. Prescribed fire is now commonly used to restore these fire-adapted forest ecosystems. In this study, we examined the influence of prescribed burn season on levels of tree mortality attributed to prescribed fire effects (direct mortality) and bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) (indirect mortality) in ponderosa pine, Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., and Jeffrey pine, Pinusjeffreyi Grev. and Balf., forests in California, USA. A total of 816 trees (9.9% of all trees) died during this 3-yr study. Significantly higher levels of tree mortality (all sources) occurred following early and late season burns compared to the untreated control, but no significant difference was observed between burn treatments. The majority (461 trees) of tree deaths were attributed to direct mortality from prescribed burns and was strongly concentrated (391 trees) in the smallest diameter class (<20.2 cm diameter at breast height, dbh). For the largest trees (>50.7 cm dbh), significantly higher levels of tree mortality occurred on early season burns than the untreated control, most of which resulted from indirect mortality attributed to bark beetle attacks, specifically western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, and mountain pine beetle, D. ponderosae Hopkins. Red turpentine beetle, D. valens LeConte, was the most common bark beetle species found colonizing trees, but tree mortality was not attributed to this species. A total of 355 trees (4.3% of all trees) were killed by bark beetles. Dendroctonus brevicomis (67 trees, 18.9%) and D. ponderosae (56 trees, 15.8%), were found colonizing P. ponderosa; and Jeffrey pine beetle, D. jeffreyi Hopkins, was found colonizing P. jeffreyi (seven trees, 2.0%). We also found pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (137 trees, 38.6%), and, to a much lesser extent, Orthotomicus (=Ips) latidens (LeConte) (85 trees, 23.9%) and emarginate ips, I. emarginatus (LeConte) (3 trees, 0.8%) colonizing P. ponderosa and P. jeffreyi. Few meaningful differences in levels of indirect tree mortality attributed to bark beetle attack were observed between early and late season burns. The incidence of root and root collar pathogens (Leptographium and Sporothrix spp.), including species known to be vectored by bark beetles, was low (18% of trees sampled). The implications of these and other results to management of P. ponderosa and P. jeffreyi forests are discussed in detail.     

Anti-HBV activities of Streblus asper and constituents of its roots

The extracts from leaves, heartwood, barks and roots of the Streblus asper were investigated for anti-HBV activities, separately. The results suggested that the MeOH extracts of the heartwood, barks, and roots exhibited good anti-HBV activities. Further investigations displayed that ethyl acetate and n-butanol soluble parts of their MeOH extracts showed more significant anti-HBV activities. Moreover, a new lignan, together with 11 known compounds, was isolated from n-butanol-soluble part of MeOH extract of the roots of S. asper. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR), 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC) and HR-EI-MS experiments. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their anti-HBV activities. Honokiol showed significant anti-HBV activity with IC(50) values of 3.14μM and 4.74μM for HBsAg and HBeAg with no cytotoxicity respectively, while lamivudine (3TC, positive control) exhibited weak anti-HBV activity with IC(50) values of 11.81μM and 25.80μM for HBsAg and HBeAg respectively.