无菌包装研究综述

介绍了无菌包装系统的原理，简述了无菌环境形成的过程。     

影响兽用生物制品无菌检验的因素

论述了影响生物制品无菌检验的几点因素,包括分装瓶的处理、培养基的制备及灭菌、培养基的检验、环境和人为因素,并在此基础上介绍了无菌检验操作过程中的技术要领。     

无菌包装技术

《国家“学生饮用奶计划”暂行管理办法》要求学生饮用奶必须是超高温(UHT)灭菌奶,采用无抗生素优质原料奶为原料生产,严禁使用还原奶;定点生产企业必须具备较高的生产管理水平、健全的质量保证体系和完善的配送系统。本文简要介绍了各种无菌包装系统的原理,并讨论了影响无菌包装的有关因素,同时简要介绍了无菌包装的主要特性。     

超高温灭菌乳的无菌包装概念与工艺质控

本文以超高温灭菌乳的两大主流包装品牌:利乐和康美包为例,介绍了将经过灭菌和冷却的产品在无菌环境下灌注及封闭于预先处理的容器中,并保持包装容器密封性的无菌包装技术,从无菌环境的建立与维持、物料的灭菌、包装材料的消毒、包装的完整密封等关键要素阐述了其工艺原理及质控方法。     

无菌检查试验的先天缺陷及应对策略的思考

本文对无菌检查试验的存在的问题进行介绍并提出应对策略.     

中国蚕学会代表应邀参加日本蚕丝学会第63次大会

<正> 应日本蚕丝学会邀请,中国蚕学会代表朱竹雯女士、黄君霆先生于1993年4月5日—13日赴日本参加了日本蚕丝学会第63次大会。朱竹雯女士向大会致贺辞,并介绍了中国蚕业生产现状及中国蚕学会的活动情况;黄君霆先生作了“中国蚕业科研近期进展”的发言。这次大会出席代表328人,共发表特别讲演2篇,受奖讲演3篇,一般讲演206篇。其中栽桑、养蚕41篇,制丝及丝绸加工35篇,蚕生理生化44篇,蚕遗传育种46篇,蚕病40篇。其中,“蚕的无菌人工饲料应用研究”(作者松原藤好),介绍了用人工饲料在蚕幼虫期给饵1—3次的无菌饲育法。用无菌饲育阐明了病毒病诱发机制、重金属在蚕体组织器官的积累和对无菌育蚕的影响。从而建立了全龄无菌饲育或无菌饲育导入桑叶育的养蚕生产技术,肯定了以无菌饲育法为基础的日本周年养蚕法。“蚕丝丝素结构及其应用研究”(作者平林洁)指出,高等动物试验表明,废丝加水分解制成糊状添食可吸收3％,制成水溶液添食可吸收50％,分解成寡肽或氨基酸添食可     

十年磨一剑 天龙TBA7000-I自动高速无菌砖灌装机成功投入市场

日前，长期以来一直专注于乳饮品无菌灌装设备及无菌包装产品研发、制造及营销服务的上海天龙无菌包装材料有限公司，在总经理吴建国的带领下，携多年来在高分子领域及复合材料领域的科研积累，广泛吸收国内外先进技术，经过近10年坚持不懈的自主研发，成功研发出了系列液态食品无菌灌装机及相关成套包装设备。尤其是全自动高速无菌灌装机TBA7000-I的成功上市和投入应用，打破了我国无菌灌装领域被外企垄断的格局，使无菌包装实现了真正意义上的国产化。     

无菌动物技术管理—无菌小鼠繁殖管理与监测

从日本中央实验动物研究所购买的２对ＩＱＩ无菌小鼠饲养在无菌隔离器中,饲养温度为２２～２４℃,相对湿度为５８～６０％,并成功地繁殖了２１４只无菌小鼠。无菌检验每２月进行一次,共检验４次,结果均为无菌生长。对鼠肝炎病毒和仙台病毒进行监测,结果为阴性。无菌小鼠剖解肉眼观察其盲肠巨大。     

延长乳制品货架期的方法

介绍了UHT技术、无菌包装、气调技术和生物制品在延长乳制品货架期中的应用。其它技术，如物理、生物技术，还仍处于试验阶段。但将来可能在延长乳品货架期中得到应用。     

关于兽药制剂无菌检查法几个问题的探讨

无菌检查法是无菌兽药制剂重要的质量检查方法。根据目前国内外相关文献的研究报道，分别从无菌检查法的特点、替代方案以及兽药制剂特殊性等方面进行论述，以期最大程度降低无菌检查法缺点的影响，规范我国兽药制剂的无菌检查方法，为兽药无菌检查的研究提供参考和依据。     

初探无菌砖顶隙对液态乳制品的影响

研究了无菌砖包装形式的液态乳制品采用不同顶隙包装对液态乳制品一些品质的影响。结果表明,2种顶隙无菌砖包装形式的液态乳制品,不同的顶隙对产品中微量元素及感官发生了不同影响。     

Short-term aseptic loosening of the femoral component in canine total hip replacement: effects of cementing technique on cement mantle grade

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of different cementing techniques on radiographic cement mantle grade and short-term aseptic loosening of the femoral component in canine total hip replacement (THR). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Radiographs of 284 dogs that had THR. METHODS: Immediate postoperative radiographs of 284 dogs that had cemented THR were reviewed by 4 surgeons and 1 radiologist and assigned a cement mantle grade using a 4-grade classification system. Dog age and weight at surgery, cementing technique (1st, 2nd, 3rd generation), complications (type and timing), and follow-up time were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS: Mean cement mantle score for 2nd generation technique was significantly higher than 3rd generation technique and both were significantly higher than 1st generation technique (P<.001). Aseptic loosening was the 2nd most common complication observed with an incidence of 2.1%. Mean time from surgery to last follow-up examination was 122 days. No statistically significant difference in incidence of aseptic loosening was identified among different cement mantle grades or cementing techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced cementing techniques resulted in better cement mantles based on grading of immediate postoperative radiographs, however grading did not predict short-term aseptic loosening. Cementing technique seemingly did not affect the incidence of short-term aseptic loosening of the femoral component for dogs in this study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our study suggests that advances in cementing technique may result in improvements in the radiographic grade of cement mantles. With respect to aseptic loosening of the femoral component, our data only suggest that short-term (3 months-3 years) loosening cannot be predicted by immediate postoperative radiographic evaluation of cement mantle.     

成纤维上皮细胞炎症反应模型的建立

利用培养金黄色葡萄球菌培养基过滤液建立成纤维上皮细胞炎症反应模型，用于观察和研究炎症反应过程中细胞形态的变化。将培养金黄色葡萄球菌培养基除菌过滤冻干，用细胞培养基稀释，按照一定蛋白含量加到上皮细胞的培养基中，制作细胞炎症反应模型。结果显示，成纤维上皮细胞发生炎症反应，高浓度细菌滤过液的细胞形态发生变化，细胞边缘模糊不清，细胞出现空泡，随着培养时间的延长低浓度的大量大型细胞开始增加；在添加金黄色葡萄球菌培养基滤过液培养24h后利用^3H—TdR方法测定细胞增殖率，细胞增殖差异是显著的。结果表明，建立细胞炎症反应模型是可行的，并为以后炎症反应机理研究和抗炎性反应药物研究奠定了基础。     

大规模细胞培养中控制污染的举措

从人员培训、环境控制、百级台的无菌操作、原辅材料的管理等方面介绍了大规模细胞培养中避免污染的举措。     

桑树组织培养物中1-脱氧野尻霉素的产生规律初探

为探讨桑树合成1-脱氧野尻霉素(1-DNJ)的代谢途径,采用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)分析法,研究了桑树品种大10的组织培养物中1-脱氧野尻霉素的产生规律。结果表明:桑树几种组织培养物中1-DNJ的质量分数在无菌苗叶片中为0.309604%,无菌苗中为0.158516%,再生芽中为0.318756%,再生苗中为0.168672%;桑树绿色愈伤组织、疏松愈伤组织、悬浮培养细胞、悬浮细胞诱导愈伤组织中不含1-DNJ。推测1-DNJ产生于由愈伤组织分化为再生芽的阶段。     

Catheters: a review of the selection, utilisation and complications of catheters for peripheral venous access

Intravenous catheters are used for the administration of medications and fluids and are an integral part of veterinary practice. The aim of catheter use is to optimise administration of medication and minimise complications such as thrombus formation, thrombophlebitis and sepsis. Catheters made from teflon are less flexible, less durable and stimulate more tissue reaction than polyurethane or silicon. However silicon catheters are more expensive and complicated to insert. Generally, for veterinary practice, the biostability and cost of polyurethane catheters make them preferable for short and long-term use. The smallest diameter catheter should be selected to minimise internal vessel wall contact and irritation without compromising medication delivery. The site of insertion varies with individual preference, vessel access and patient compliance. The jugular, cephalic, saphenous, ear, lateral thoracic and subcutaneous abdominal veins are accessible. Hair removal and a thorough aseptic skin preparation should be performed prior to catheter insertion. Daily maintenance is required to detect complications and maximise catheter longevity. Potential complications include thrombus formation, thromboembolism, bacterial colonisation and septicaemia, blood loss and air embolism. Permanent or transient skin dwelling bacteria are commonly isolated if sepsis occurs. The development of novel antiseptic and antibiotic impregnated catheters may reduce the complications associated with catheter infection in the future.     

Internal fixation. Intramedullary pins, cerclage wires, and interlocking nails.

IM pins, cerclage wires, and ILNs are valuable tools for repairing long bone fractures. Successful bone healing is readily achieved with these tools but also requires aseptic technique, attention to preserving soft tissues, and proper application procedures.     

鸭疫巴氏杆菌亚单位成分的提取及免疫原性初步研究

将本室分离鉴定的鸭疫巴氏杆菌（ＰＡ）通过改良马丁肉汤增菌培养后．以较为成熟的提取方法获得其亚单位成分（包括细菌荚膜和外膜蛋白），经无菌、安全性检验和蛋白浓度测定后用于免疫雏鸭，攻菌试验表明ＰＡ亚单位成分具有一定的免疫原性。     

APV灭菌机和ZY-DASB-6型无菌包装机的有效结合

以中亚灌装机和APV灭菌机的结合为例，重点探讨了基于巴氏消毒乳生产基础上的UHT灭菌乳的加工技术。主要包括嗜冷菌、芽孢、耐热芽孢的检验和UHT灭菌、无菌灌装技术。