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1.
有机和无机肥配比对黄褐土硝化和反硝化微生物丰度及功能的影响 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
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长期施用含氯化肥对棕壤硝化作用及氨氧化微生物的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】氨氧化微生物是氨氧化过程的主要驱动者,氨氧化过程作为硝化作用的限速步骤对氮循环具有重要作用。本研究以沈阳农业大学棕壤含氯化肥长期定位试验的土壤为研究对象,探讨了连续34年施用高氯和低氯化肥对棕壤硝化作用及氨氧化微生物的影响。【方法】该长期试验在等量氮、磷、钾条件下,设置高氯和低氯处理,共8个处理:T1(不施肥);T2(单施尿素);T3(尿素+氯化钾);T4(尿素+过磷酸钙);T5(尿素+过磷酸钙+氯化钾);T6(尿素+磷酸一铵+氯化钾);T7(尿素+氯磷铵+氯化钾);T8(硝酸磷肥+过磷酸钙+氯化钾),T7为高氯处理。采集0—20cm土壤样品,利用荧光定量PCR技术测定氨氧化细菌(AOB)和古菌(AOA)丰度,并结合土壤硝化潜势和基本化学性质,分析长期施用含氯化肥对棕壤硝化作用及氨氧化微生物丰度的影响及影响氨氧化微生物丰度的主要环境因素。【结果】长期施肥降低了土壤pH值,高氯处理降低得最多,显著低于其他处理;高氯处理的土壤硝化潜势也显著低于其他处理,且除高氯处理外,配施磷肥的处理土壤硝化潜势显著高于不施磷处理。各处理土壤中AOA丰度均显著高于AOB,高氯处理土壤中AOA、AOB丰度均显著低于其他处理,土壤硝化潜势与AOA和AOB均呈显著正相关关系。【结论】连续施用高氯化肥34年显著降低了棕壤AOA和AOB丰度,抑制了硝化潜势。该结果可为通过含氯化肥的合理施用来调节土壤AOA和AOB,进而调控土壤氮素循环提供参考。 相似文献
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长期施肥对酸性土壤氨氧化微生物群落的影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
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不同施肥模式对土壤氮循环功能微生物的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
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有机无机肥配施提升冷浸田土壤氮转化相关微生物丰度和水稻产量 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
7.
不同施肥模式对绿洲农田土壤微生物群落丰度与酶活性的影响 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
以中国科学院阜康荒漠生态系统国家野外观测研究站的长期定位试验为平台,利用荧光实时定量PCR(Real-time PCR)技术,对不同施肥模式下的土壤微生物群落丰度进行了测定,并分析了土壤酶活性。结果表明:与无肥处理(CK)相比,20年长期单施化肥(CF)或者化肥配施秸秆(CF/OM)处理均显著增加了土壤氨氧化古菌(AOA)与氨氧化细菌(AOB)的丰度。其中,土壤AOB最低增加了16倍,而AOA最多增加了3倍,表明AOB可能在原位土壤氨氧化过程中发挥了更为重要的作用。尽管CF/OM处理的作物产量与CF处理无显著差异,但该施肥模式在维持作物产量的同时,其土壤微生物主要类群(真核微生物、细菌、古菌)数量最大,土壤有机碳含量最高,大多土壤酶活性高于其他处理,表明化肥配施有机肥有利于保持土壤微生物多样性,对于提高土壤质量具有重要作用。 相似文献
8.
长期施肥对稻田土壤微生物群落结构及氮循环功能微生物数量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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不同形态氮添加对毛竹林土壤N2O排放的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
10.
不同生育期苹果园土壤氨氧化微生物丰度研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
【目的】大量施氮引起的土壤酸化问题已严重制约苹果的安全生产。氨氧化微生物驱动的土壤硝化作用是土壤氮素循环的重要环节,探析苹果园土壤中氨氧化微生物氨单加氧酶基因(amoA)丰度与土壤硝化强度(Potential Nitrification,PN)和土壤理化性质的相关性,有助于评价土壤氨氧化微生物类群在苹果园土壤生态系统中的作用。【方法】本研究以辽宁省丹东东港地区‘寒富’苹果园土壤为研究对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)技术,检测苹果树不同生育时期, 4月28日(萌芽期)、 7月24日(新梢停长期)、 10月23日(落叶期)的两个苹果园(分别编号为D1和D2)的土壤理化性质、 土壤硝化强度、 氨氧化古菌(Ammonia-oxidizing archaea, AOA)和氨氧化细菌(Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AOB)的amoA基因丰度,并分析了氨氧化微生物丰度与土壤理化性质和土壤硝化强度之间的关系。【结果】不同生育时期‘寒富’苹果园土壤理化因子差异较大。所有供试土壤的硝态氮(NO-3-N)、 速效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)含量在4月份最高,铵态氮(NH+4-N)含量在7月最高,NO-3-N、 NH+4-N、 AP和AK含量在10月多为最低。且所有供试土壤pH值均在4.25~6.09之间。同一生育时期内,D2土壤pH均显著高于D1土壤,但其NO-3-N和NH+4-N含量则不同程度地低于D1土壤。不同采样时期的果园土壤硝化强度随季节变化表现出先降后增的趋势,除7月D2土壤硝化强度显著高于D1土壤外,4月与10月D2土壤硝化强度均显著低于D1土壤。尽管不同采样时期的土壤AOA与AOB丰度随生育期而各异,所有供试土壤中AOA丰度均显著高于AOB丰度。同一时期内,D2土壤AOA和AOB丰度均显著高于D1土壤。尽管土壤pH、 NO-3-N与AOA、 AOB均表现出显著相关性,土壤PN仅与AOA丰度明显正相关。【结论】长期施肥导致苹果园土壤pH值降低,pH值的改变是影响AOA与AOB丰度的重要因子,果园土壤的硝化过程主要由AOA来完成,土壤硝化强度与季节变化引起的温度和土壤环境因子等的改变密切相关。苹果园无机氮肥混合有机肥的施入,同时结合自然生草、 人工刈割等管理制度,在一定程度上可改变土壤氮素的含量与种类,减缓土壤酸化。 相似文献
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长期不同施肥对棕壤AM真菌群落结构的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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Abundance and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in an acid paddy soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xin Chen Li-Mei Zhang Ju-Pei Shen Wen-Xue Wei Ji-Zheng He 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(3):323-331
Nitrification is essential to the nitrogen cycle in paddy soils. However, it is still not clear which group of ammonia-oxidizing
microorganisms plays more important roles in nitrification in the paddy soils. The changes in the abundance and composition
of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were investigated by real-time PCR, terminal restriction
fragment length polymorphism, and clone library approaches in an acid red paddy soil subjected to long-term fertilization
treatments, including treatment without fertilizers (CT); chemical fertilizer nitrogen (N); N and potassium (NK); N and phosphorus
(NP); N, P, and K (NPK); and NPK plus recycled crop residues (NPK+C). The AOA population size in NPK+C was higher than those
in CT, while minor changes in AOB population sizes were detected among the treatments. There were also some changes in AOA
community composition responding to different fertilization treatments. Still few differences were detected in AOB community
composition among the treatments. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the AOA sequences fell into two main clusters: cluster
A and cluster soil/sediment. The AOB composition in this paddy soil was dominated by Nitrosospira cluster 12. These results suggested that the AOA were more sensitive than AOB to different fertilization treatments in the
acid red paddy soil. 相似文献
13.
Responses of bacterial and archaeal ammonia oxidisers of an acidic luvisols soil to different nitrogen fertilization rates after 9?years 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
It is still not clear which group of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms plays the most important roles in nitrification in soils. Change in abundances and community compositions of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) under long-term different nitrogen (N) fertilization rates were investigated in an acidic luvisols soil using real-time polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, respectively, based on the ammonia monooxygenase a-subunit gene. The experimental plan included the following treatments: control without N fertilization (NCK), low N fertilization rate, middle N fertilization rate, and high N fertilization rate as 0, 100, 150, and 250?kg urea-N?ha?1, respectively. Long-term different N fertilization rates did not significantly alter the total C and N contents of soil while it significantly decreased soil pH, which ranged from 5.60 to 5.20. The AOB abundance was more abundant in the N fertilization treatments than the NCK treatment; the AOA abundance decreased by the increasing N fertilization rates, as did the ratios of AOA/AOB. The large differences in the potential nitrification rates among four treatments depended on the changes in AOA abundance but not to changes in AOB abundance. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the AOB communities were dominated by Nitrosospira clusters 1, 3, and 9 while all AOA sequences were grouped into soil/sediment cluster except for one sequence. Taken together, these results indicated that AOB and AOA preferred different soil N conditions and AOA were functionally more important in the nitrification than AOB in the acidic luvisols soil. 相似文献
14.
长期施肥对氨氧化古菌丰度及群落结构的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
【目的】氨氧化古菌对土壤氮素转化有着重要的作用。本研究以长期定位施肥黄泥田土壤为研究对象探讨了长期不同施肥模式对土壤氨氧化古菌数量和多样性的影响,为制定合理的施肥制度提供理论基础。【方法】试验在福建省农科院试验站上进行,以30年长期定位施肥的红壤性水稻土为研究对象采用荧光定量PCR和克隆文库技术,研究了长期不同施肥模式对氨氧化古菌(ammonia-oxidizing archaea,AOA)丰度及群落结构的影响。试验设4个处理:1)不施肥(CK);2)单施氮磷钾肥(NPK);3)氮磷钾肥配施牛粪(NPKM);4)氮磷钾肥配施秸秆(NPKS)。小区面积为12 m~2每个处理设3个重复。土样采集时间为2012年10月份(水稻收获后),测定土壤养分和氨氧化古菌的数量及多样性。【结果】1)与CK相比,NPKM和NPKS处理显著增加了土壤有机质含量,NPKM和NPKS处理之间无显著差异。2)与CK相比施肥均能提高土壤全氮含量;NPKM和NPKS处理能够显著提高土壤全磷含量,NPKM处理全磷含量最高;仅NPKS处理能显著增加全钾含量。3)与CK相比,长期施肥均能提高土壤有效氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)的含量,并且NPKM处理AN和AP含量最高,NPKS处理中AK含量最高。4)与CK相比,长期施肥均对土壤pH值无显著影响。5)与CK处理相比,NPKM和NPKS处理的amoA基因拷贝数显著增加增加幅度分别为168.4%和95.7%;单施化肥处理与CK无显著差异。土壤氨氧化古菌数量与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关,与土壤全磷、有效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量呈极显著正相关。6)长期不同施肥处理影响土壤氨氧化古菌的种群结构,单施化肥增加了土壤AOA的多样性,而化肥配施有机肥则降低了AOA的多样性。7)本试验中得到的土壤氨氧化古菌amoA基因序列均为不可培养的古菌,包括泉古菌(Crenarchaeote)和奇古菌(Thaumarchaeote)。本试验所得氨氧化古菌绝大多数与来自土壤、沉积物的amoA基因克隆非常相似,少数与水体环境相似。【结论】不同培肥模式下,土壤中氨氧化古菌均为不可培养的古菌,包括泉古菌(Crenarchaeota)和奇古菌(Thaumarchaeota),然而水稻土壤养分和氨氧化古菌丰度及群落结构变化显著。单施化肥的作用不明显,有机无机肥配施有利于土壤有机质和养分的积累以及氨氧化古菌的生长增加了氨氧化古菌优势菌群的比例。 相似文献
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The effects of long-term fertilization of acidic soils on ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) communities and its ecological implications remain poorly understood. We chose an acidic upland soil site under long-term (27-year) fertilization to investigate ammonia oxidizer communities under four different regimes: mineral N fertilizer (N), mineral NPK fertilizer (NPK), organic manure (OM) and an unfertilized control (CK). Soil net nitrification rates were significantly higher in OM soils than in CK, N or NPK soils. Quantitative analysis of the distribution of amoA genes by DNA-based stable isotope probing revealed that AOA dominate in CK, N and NPK soils, while AOB dominate in OM soils. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clone library analyses of amoA genes revealed that Group 1.1a-associated AOA (also referred to as Nitrosotalea) were the most dominant active AOA population (>92%), while Nitrosospira Cluster 3 and Cluster 9 were predominant among active AOB communities. The functional diversity of active ammonia oxidizers in acidic soils is affected by long-term fertilization practices, and the responses of active ammonia oxidizers to mineral fertilizer and organic manure are clearly different. Our results provide strong evidence that AOA are more highly adapted to growth at low pH and low substrate availability than AOB, and they suggest that the niche differentiation and metabolic diversity of ammonia oxidizers in acidic soils are more complex than previously thought. 相似文献
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为了研究长期不同施肥措施对中性紫色土氨氧化微生物及其硝化作用的影响,以国家紫色土肥力与肥料效益监测基地的中性紫色土为研究对象,进行土壤氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌amo A基因的Real-time PCR分析,比较长期不同定位施肥对土壤氨氧化潜势和硝化强度的影响,并分析不同施肥制度对功能微生物丰度与功能的作用。数据显示,土壤中氨氧化古菌amo A基因拷贝数(Log值6.21~7.14)远大于氨氧化细菌(Log值3.65~5.73),相对于对氨氧化细菌丰度的影响,施肥对土壤氨氧化古菌丰度影响较小。施用氮肥与磷肥都显著提高了土壤氨氧化细菌丰度,1.5NPK+M处理氨氧化细菌丰度最高(Log值5.73),有机无机肥配施可以显著提高土壤氨氧化微生物丰度;而含氯化肥的施用在一定程度上降低了土壤氨氧化细菌丰度与硝化细菌生长,与施用不含氯的肥料处理相比,含氯肥料处理的土壤氨氧化细菌丰度与硝化细菌数分别降低了3.74%和88.12%。研究表明,长期施肥能影响中性紫色土中氨氧化细菌的丰度,有机无机肥配施能够提高土壤的氨氧化潜力与土壤的硝化能力。 相似文献