2,4-D包膜处理对黄瓜种子发芽、幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

为了明确2，4-D包膜处理对黄瓜种子发芽、幼苗生长及生理特性的影响，以特早、津杂四号黄瓜为材料，用2，4-D包膜处理黄瓜种子，研究了2，4-D对黄瓜种子发芽及幼苗形态建成及生理生化特性的影响。结果表明：2，4-D包膜处理对黄瓜种子发芽势、发芽率无显著影响，但提高了黄瓜种子的活力指数，增加提高了幼苗根、下胚轴和子叶干重，显著促进下胚轴、子叶的伸长。2，4-D包膜处理对两个黄瓜品种的可溶性蛋白含量无显著影响。2，4-D包膜处理显著提高了津杂四号黄瓜幼苗POD、CAT和SOD活性；2，4-D包膜处理减少了特早黄瓜种子的平均发芽天数，促进了特早幼苗根的伸长，显著提高了特早黄瓜的叶绿素含量。     

种子处理对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究了种子引发和杀菌剂包衣处理对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗素质的影响.结果表明:蛭石引发可显著提高黄瓜种子发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数.运用嘧菌酯药剂包衣黄瓜种子,对黄瓜种子具有良好的消毒效果,可提高黄瓜种子出苗率,对黄瓜种子幼苗素质无明显影响.     

外源MT对多效唑胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以黄瓜品种“贵妃兔子腿”为试验材料,探究多效唑(PP333)胁迫下不同浓度外源褪黑素(MT)对黄瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,在种子发芽胁迫试验中,100 mg/L的外源MT浸种处理对黄瓜种子发芽期下胚轴长、根长以及鲜重的抑制均能得到显著缓解,同时能减弱多效唑胁迫对幼苗根和下胚轴的抑制作用;幼苗胁迫试验中,100 mg/L的外源MT能显著促进幼苗株高、下胚轴粗、叶面积与根长;喷施100 mg/L的外源MT可显著提高黄瓜叶片可溶性蛋白质含量、SOD活性及黄瓜植株的根系活力,显著降低植株体内有害物质MDA的积累和Pro含量、SPAD值。研究表明,100 mg/L MT可有效缓解多效唑胁迫对黄瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长所造成的过度抑制作用,提高黄瓜幼苗适应性,利于植株正常的生长发育。     

腐胺对镉胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发和生长的影响

以黄瓜品种“改良津春2号”为材料,探讨了Put对Cd2+胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:Cd2+胁迫明显抑制了黄瓜种子的发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数,降低了芽长、根长、根数、芽干重和根干重,且Cd2+胁迫对根系生长的抑制程度大于芽;外源Put提高了Cd2+胁迫下黄瓜种子的发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和根长,增加了Cd2+胁迫下黄瓜幼苗芽干重和根干重,部分缓解了Cd2+胁迫对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用.     

咯菌腈种衣剂对西瓜种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

采用室外盆栽的方法研究了有效成分为咯菌腈的2.5％适乐时悬浮种衣剂包衣处理西瓜种子后对种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响.结果显示,咯菌腈包衣对西瓜种子发芽的影响表现在出苗的早晚方面,对总发芽率无显著影响;对西瓜的地上部分干重、无籽西瓜的株高、除精选龙旋风外的其他品种西瓜的根长无显著影响,对有籽西瓜株高、昌祥黑巨霸地上部分鲜重、大农绿巨宝地下部分鲜重、一品春地下部分干重、昌祥黑巨霸地下部分干重均有影响,与对照相比差异显著.说明咯菌腈处理西瓜种子后发芽安全,但在农业生产中不可盲目加大使用剂量,否则会对西瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长产生不利影响,尤其是有籽西瓜对种衣剂更敏感.     

生物种衣剂对作物种子发芽及苗期生理特性的影响

在模拟干旱条件下,以羟基纤维素作为种衣剂,研究不同药种比包衣对玉米、小麦和大豆种子发芽和苗期生长的影响.结果表明:合理种衣剂浓度包衣后种子发芽率和发芽势,幼苗的叶长、根长、鲜重和干重均显著增加,叶绿素浓度有所增加,过氧化物酶(POD)活性提高,说明羟基纤维素种衣剂包衣处理作物种子能促进种子发芽及幼苗生长,提高细胞膜的稳定性,增强幼苗的抗衰老性和抗逆性.最适药种比为1:60.     

种衣剂对丹参种子萌发及幼苗抗旱性的影响

以自制种衣剂包衣丹参种子,20%PEG-6000模拟干旱处理,研究种衣剂对丹参种子萌发及幼苗抗旱性的影响。结果表明,相对于未包衣种子,种衣剂包衣处理能够显著提高正常和干旱情况下种子的发芽率和发芽势,株高、根长和单株干重均有所上升。种子包衣后幼苗叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、游离脯氨酸含量升高,抗氧化保护酶SOD、POD和CAT活性增加。说明自制种衣剂处理能够促进丹参种子萌发和幼苗生长,增强幼苗抗旱性。     

醚菌酯种子处理剂对超甜玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

应用醚菌酯种子处理剂对超甜玉米种子进行包衣处理,研究了醚菌酯对超甜玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,超甜玉米种子经过醚菌酯种子处理剂包衣处理后,带菌率降低,发芽率和出苗率提高,株高、鲜重及干重增加.     

大蒜素对3种蔬菜种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

采用浸种法和叶面喷雾法,研究不同浓度大蒜素对白菜、萝卜和莴笋种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,大蒜素浸种对白菜、萝卜和莴笋种子发芽有一定的影响,不同作物和品种间存在差异。大蒜素200 mg/L浸种12 h对萝卜和莴笋种子发芽无不良影响,但可延缓白菜种子发芽,降低种子发芽势和发芽指数,对最终发芽率无影响。400和800 mg/L浸种12 h可延缓白菜、萝卜种子发芽和降低种子发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数,其活力随处理浓度的提高而下降,白菜和萝卜的最终发芽率显著降低,而对莴笋最终发芽率无影响。200 mg/L浸种对白菜苗鲜重、根鲜重、下胚轴宽有显著的促进作用,400和800 mg/L处理的促进作用不显著,品种间存在较大差异,幼苗主根和下胚轴长度均随处理浓度的提高而缩短。200和400 mg/L处理能促进萝卜种子出苗,对幼苗鲜重、根鲜重和下胚轴宽有显著的促进作用,而对幼苗主根和下胚轴生长均有抑制作用,800 mg/L处理对萝卜种子出苗有明显的抑制作用。大蒜素200~800 mg/L浸种能促进莴笋种子出苗,对幼苗鲜重、根鲜重及下胚轴粗均有显著促进作用,而对幼苗主根长、下胚轴长有明显的抑制作用。大蒜素200~800 mg/L叶面喷施对3种蔬菜幼苗生长均有明显的促进作用,主要表现在幼苗鲜重和根鲜重提高、株高和下胚轴宽增加,而对主根长有明显的抑制作用,不同浓度处理间差异不显著。     

低温胁迫下氟唑环菌胺作为玉米种衣剂比戊唑醇更安全

<正>为比较低温胁迫下氟唑环菌胺和戊唑醇种子包衣对玉米出苗和幼苗的影响,中国农科院植保所研究人员以空白种子为对照,对2种药剂不同剂量包衣的玉米种子进行了低温胁迫。结果表明,在低温胁迫下氟唑环菌胺包衣对玉米种子的出苗率和幼苗的生长无显著影响,而戊唑醇包衣对玉米种子的出苗率、出苗速率和幼苗的生长有不同程度的抑制作用;戊唑醇包衣能加剧低温胁迫导致的幼根细胞内电解质外渗,增加幼芽中脯氨酸的含量,而氟唑环菌胺包衣对幼根电解质外渗无显著影响,同时对幼芽中     

GA_3和6-BA对美女樱种子萌发特性及幼苗生长的影响

试验采用不同浓度的GA_3和6-BA处理美女樱种子,研究其对美女樱种子发芽势、发芽率、生理生化活性、种子浸提液的电导率、幼苗干鲜重等方面的影响.结果表明,美女樱种子经过GA_3和6-BA浸种处理后,种子发芽率、发芽势提高,种子TTC还原力增强,POD酶活性提高,种子浸提液的电导率降低,根系长度增加,干物质积累增多,种子活力高于对照.各指标提高的效果均表现为6-BA好于GA_3,6-BA的处理最佳使用浓度为10 mg/L,种子的发芽率为89.6%,GA_3的处理最佳使用浓度为300 mg/L,种子的发芽率为87.5%.     

阿月浑子种子萌发过程中贮藏物质含量的初步研究

阿月浑子种子中含有丰富的脂肪和蛋白质，且主要贮藏在子叶中；种子萌发过程中种子的干重、粗脂肪及粗蛋白的含量均下降，其中主要是子叶含量下降，而在幼苗胚轴中则有所上升，水溶性总糖的含量先下降后明显升高，贮藏物质含量变化的总趋势是物质从子叶进入幼苗；阿月浑子种子的物质效率为59.6％。     

黄瓜穴盘育苗株型化学调控技术及作用机理研究

采用基质表面喷施（即1次）、基质表面喷施+子叶展平时刚露心时叶面喷施（2次）及浸种3种处理方式,研究缩节胺、矮壮素、多效唑、乙烯利等4种植物生长调节剂不同浓度处理对夏季黄瓜幼苗生物学性状、生理指标及产量的影响。结果表明：DPC 400 mg/kg（2次）、PP333 20 mg/kg（1次）、CCC 400 mg/kg（2次）、浸种CEPA 5000 mg/kg 4种处理组合下胚轴相对对照明显缩短,有效控制了夏季黄瓜秧苗徒长。壮苗指数增加,根系活力提高,增加了干物质向根系的分配率,提高了秧苗质量。黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量及抗病相关酶PPO、POD、CAT活性增强,脯氨酸含量增加,增强了黄瓜的抗逆（病）性。     

几种植物生长调节剂对决明种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

分别采用GA3、6-BA和NAA处理决明(Cassia obtusifolia L.)种子,结果表明:GA3、6-BA、NAA可提高种子发芽率、发芽势和活力指数,还可增加幼苗的根数、全株鲜重和干重,三种植物生长调节剂都能够调节决明幼苗的生长发育,其中100mg/L对决明种子发芽和幼苗生长的作用效果最好。     

盐胁迫对棉花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究了ＮａＣｌ对豫棉１５号种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响,结果表明：低浓度的ＮａＣｌ（０．４％以下）能促进种子萌发,而高浓度（〉０．７％）时则显著抑制;无论盐浓度高低,都对棉花幼苗生长产生抑制作用,当ＮａＣｌ浓度超过０．５％时,幼茵的主根长、子叶面积、幼苗干重等均显著低于对照。     

玉米、小麦秸秆水浸提液对蔬菜种子的化感作用

以黄瓜、生菜、茄子种子为受试材料,采用室内生物测定方法研究了玉米、小麦秸秆水浸提液的化感作用.结果表明,作物秸秆对蔬菜种子的影响有抑制、促进、促进/抑制双重作用和无显著作用等多种形式.玉米水浸提液对黄瓜种子活力指数、幼苗根长和鲜质量显著抑制,对苗高和干质量表现低浓度促进高浓度抑制;对生菜、茄子种子的发芽和根系生长显著抑制,对苗高和鲜质量均表现促进/抑制双重作用.小麦秸秆水浸提液对黄瓜苗高、鲜质量表现促进作用;对生菜种子活力指数和幼苗根长具有显著抑制作用,对其苗高和鲜质量均表现促进/抑制双重作用;对茄子发芽率显著抑制作用,对其根长、苗高和鲜质量均表现双重作用.根据化感敏感指数,玉米秸秆水浸提液对受体蔬菜的化感作用强于小麦;生菜对秸秆浸提液最敏感,茄子次之,黄瓜最不敏感.     

Effect of Water‐Deficit Stress on Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Sugar Beet

Sugar beet progeny lines screened for both high water use efficiency and high sugar yield under drought stress conditions in the field were assessed for the rate of seed germination and early seedling growth in water deficit stress, induced by mannitol solutions. Seeds of nine different sugar beet progeny lines were grown in three experimental conditions using filter paper, perlite and water agar as substrate. Three levels of 0.0, 0.2 and 0.3 m mannitol concentrations were applied in each experiment. A factorial design was used with three replications. Germination percentage was determined in all experiments. Seedling growth parameters such as cotyledon fresh weight, cotyledon dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight (RDW) and root length (RL) were measured experimentally. Abnormality was only recorded in the filter paper experiment. The results showed that drought stress could be simulated by mannitol solution and significant differences were found between stress levels for seedling characteristics. Distinct genetic variances were found among progeny lines with respect to germination and early seedling growth characteristics, except for cotyledons and RDW. Seedling growth and germination rates severely declined at the highest concentration of mannitol. The rate of abnormality was increased progressively at the germination stage with an increase in mannitol concentration but it was more pronounced in the drought‐susceptible progeny lines. The highest values of relative germination % and relative growth % of RL were obtained for the most tolerant line. In conclusion, seedling characteristics, in addition to other physiological components involved in the seed germination process under specific stress conditions, may be considered for breeding purposes.     

黄瓜离体器官再生体系的优化

优化通过器官直接再生方式的黄瓜离体再生体系,为遗传转化奠定基础。以‘长春密刺’黄瓜的子叶节为外植体,探讨在黄瓜再生过程中,适宜的无菌苗获得培养基、适宜的外植体类型、无菌苗的适宜苗态、不定芽诱导培养基和芽伸长培养基中适宜的激素组合与比例。结果表明,最适的无菌苗获得培养基为1/2MS+30 g/L蔗糖+7 g/L琼脂(pH=5.8);不同外植体的再生率为子叶节>下胚轴>子叶;子叶完全出壳但未展平的无菌苗比其他苗态的再生率高,子叶展平后,再生率迅速下降;当6-BA（6-苄基氨基嘌呤）和ABA（脱落酸）浓度一定时,最适的AgNO₃为2 mg/L;当AgNO₃浓度一定时,6-BA和ABA浓度的最佳组合为1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L ABA;不定芽诱导的最适培养基为MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L ABA+2 mg/L AgNO₃,出芽率为90%,每外植体出芽数为3.5;芽伸长培养基中加入0.10 mg/L 6-BA,能够促进再生芽的伸长。本研究成功优化了黄瓜的再生体系,得到了健壮的黄瓜成株。     

QTL mapping of seedling traits in cucumber using recombinant inbred lines

Seedling traits are important for development, flower bud differentiation, fruit production and fruit quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). In this study, 160 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from crossing wild cucumber inbred line PI 183967 (C. sativus var. hardwickii) with ‘931’ northern China cultivated cucumber inbred line 931, were employed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of cotyledon length (Cl), cotyledon width (Cw), hypocotyl length (Hl), first true leaf length (Fll), first true leaf width (Flw), aboveground fresh biomass (Afb) and aboveground dry biomass (Adb) at seedling stage. A genetic map including 307 SSR markers was developed which spanned 993.3 cM, with an average genetic distance of 3.23 cM between adjacent markers. 36 QTLs associated with the seven traits were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 in four environments (spring and autumn of 2012 and 2013), explaining 6.1 to 23.6% of the observed phenotypic variations. Among the 36 QTLs, 21 were responsible for more than 10% of observed phenotypic variations. We obtained 2, 2, 1 and 3 QTL loci for the traits of Fll, Flw, Afw and Adw, respectively. In addition, genes in the genetic region spanned by SSR15321‐SSR07711 on chr. 5 may contribute to Flw, Afw and Adw.