基于线激光的棉花中白色异性纤维检测

针对棉花中白色异性纤维检测,分析了棉纤维与异性纤维不同的反光特性,在此基础上提出了一种基于线激光的检测方法。实验结果表明,在线激光照射下,棉花与白色异性纤维图像的灰度直方图呈双峰特性,显著提高了白色异性纤维与棉花背景之间的对比度,简单的图像二值化分割算法就能有效检测出大部分白色异性纤维,对6种典型实验白色异性纤维的平均检出率为92.08%。     

基于形状特征的棉花异性纤维图像分割方法

棉花中的白色异性纤维与背景相近,现有的算法很难识别出来.为此,在使用透射光增加异性纤维和棉花背景的灰度差的基础上,提出了一种利用形状特征来分割异性纤维的算法;同时,在自适应局部阈值处理的基础上,利用骨架的走向对间断的纤维进行修补,最后根据几何特征过滤图像中的噪声.实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地分割出异性纤维.     

基于自动视觉检测的棉花异性纤维分类系统

为实现棉花异性纤维的在线识别,设计了一种基于自动视觉检测(AVI)的棉花异性纤维分类系统.该系统利用棉层生成器将待检测皮棉制成约2mm厚的均匀薄层使其中的异性纤维更容易检测,利用彩色线扫描相机检测有色异性纤维,利用单色线扫描相机检测在紫外线激发下能产生荧光的白色异性纤维.采用多特征多分类器集成的模糊分类方法实现了对异性纤维的分类.实验表明,该系统对异性纤维的平均分类正确率可达到80%.     

基于不规则成像机器视觉的棉花白色异纤检测算法

基于不规则成像机器视觉系统,提出一种棉花白色异性纤维检测的图像分割算法:采用Gabor算子提取多个方向的特征向量,融合成特征图,由此增大背景与目标之间的对比度;然后基于特征图的统计规律进行二值分割,最后应用形态特征分离目标与背景.实验结果表明,该算法抗噪能力强、能检出白色异性纤维.     

棉花异性纤维图像特征提

针对棉花加工过程中存在的异性纤维,采用机器视觉技术,通过图像处理方法提取异性纤维目标,采集异性纤维特征数据,应用一种改进型粗糙集理论,进行异性纤维图像目标特征向量的提取,得到有效的特征向量.最后采用决策树理论,利用提取的特征向量进行识别,实验表明,所提取的特征向量对于识别棉花异性纤维是有效的,识别率达到95%.     

基于BPSO的棉花异性纤维目标特征快速选择方法

针对现有棉花异性纤维目标特征选择方法迭代次数多、速度慢等问题,提出了一种基于改进粒子群优化算法的棉花异性纤维目标特征快速选择方法.使用离散型粒子群优化算法作为特征选择算法,利用支持向量机算法作为分类器对最优特征集进行验证.实验结果表明,在分类准确率与蚁群算法相当的情况下,能减少26％的运行时间.     

高分辨率棉花异性纤维彩色图像的快速分割方法

针对传统的图像分割方法较难分割棉花异性纤维的问题,提出了一种高分辨率棉花异性纤维彩色图像的快速分割方法。该方法通过改进的数学形态学的边缘检测方法得到灰度梯度图,再选取迭代过程中的最佳经验值得到最佳分割阈值,从而实现了灰度梯度图的分割。实验结果表明,该方法可以直接对高分辨率棉花异性纤维彩色图像进行分割,且分割效果较好,并使此环节的计算速度提高2倍以上。     

基于改进蚁群算法的棉花异性纤维目标特征选择方法

为提高基于机器视觉的棉花异性纤维在线分类的精度和速度,提出一种基于改进蚁群算法的棉花异性纤维图像目标特征选择方法。采用初始选择概率预处理方案,设置特征初始概率,降低了冗余特征影响,缩短了算法搜索时间;利用分段变异运算及取优舍劣策略,对棉花异性纤维的颜色、纹理、形状3类特征进行分段变异,避免了算法局部收敛,选出了全局最优特征集。实验结果表明,改进的蚁群算法比基本蚁群算法优化能力更强,搜索时间更短,优化得到的棉花异性纤维特征子集的特征个数比原特征集减少了2/3,分类正确率由84%提高到93%。     

基于小波极值变换的棉花异性纤维边缘检测

棉花异性纤维的边缘检测是用于提取异性纤维的主要特征,检测的质量直接影响到检测的精度.为此,根据棉花异性纤维检测的特点,利用极值小波变换对目标图像进行降噪和边缘特征处理.经过实验对比表明,该方法明显好于其他方法,说明极值小波变换对提高棉花异性纤维边缘检测精度有重要的意义.     

基于改进遗传算法的棉花异性纤维目标特征选择

为提高基于机器视觉的棉花异性纤维在线分类的精度和速度,提出了一种基于改进遗传算法的特征选择方法.采用分段式染色体管理方案实现对多质特征空间局部化管理;利用分段交叉和变异算子避免出现无效染色体,提高搜索效率;通过自适应调整交叉和变异概率实现强搜索能力和快收敛速度的动态平衡.实验结果表明,该方法比基本遗传算法搜索能力更强、收敛速度更快,所得最优特征子集较小,更适用于棉花异性纤维在线分类.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义,并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状,提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.