Plants used in traditional veterinary medical practice in Nigeria

Ninety-two species of plants used in traditional veterinary medical practice in Nigeria are presented. The vernacular names, animal species in which they are used, indications/uses and comments on the plants are given. The importance of integrating traditional veterinary medicine with modern orthodox veterinary medicine is discussed.     

Breeding strategies to increase fitness in poultry

The performance of the meat type hybrids of today is much higher than at the beginning of the century. Antagonistic relations between the polygenic performance traits and fitness are the reason why modern hybrids need optimal management conditions, their susceptibility to stress increased and their immunocompetence decreased. There will be discussed, how modern genetics is counteracting by using new selection techniques.     

影响反刍动物瘤胃微生物蛋白合成的因素

讨论了影响瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成的15种因素,为反刍动物蛋白质代谢的深入研究和饲养技术提供了重要的参考依据。     

A review of the road transport of cattle

The transport of farm animals has been the subject of much research in recent years. This paper reviews the recent scientific literature pertinent to the road transport of cattle. The state of knowledge is summarised and recommendations for best practice based upon this are given. Areas which require further work are also identified.     

高职《养禽与禽病防治》课程系列化教材建设的思考

 《养禽与禽病防治》课程系列化教材建设是高职畜牧兽医专业十分重要的专业课之一。其系列化教材建设是加强学生技能培养的需要，也是借助现代化教学手段提高教学效果的需要，同时有助于学生的自主学习、终身学习。理论教材建设应以产业对人才知识的要求为模块，以知识的关键环节为重点，突出强调知识实用性；实践教材应以实践操作为核心、以生产技术岗位任务为目标进行建设。同时指出了建设电子辅助教材有利于提高教学效果。另外，对养禽与禽病防治系列教材建设中存在的问题进行了分析，提出了解决对策。     

谈普及大学基础学位课程

本文建议我国学位制度与学历制度脱钩,让现代科学知识摆脱学历制度的禁锢,以大学基础学位课程的形式逐步普及,鼓励学生在掌握必要的基础知识以后走从实践中增长才干的路,以很低的成本,改变年轻人一生的命运,为中国经济增添无限的活力。     

知识结构图在农业生态学教学中的应用与实践

知识结构图是表达和揭示知识体系中意义关联性的图表。农业生态学具有较强的系统性和逻辑性,采用知识结构图式的教学方法,把农业生态学知识直观和整体性的展现出来,从而使农业生态学知识路径清晰易于掌握。知识结构图式的教学方法能激发学生的学习兴趣,提升学生对农业生态学的理解和掌握程度。     

1+X 证书制度下宠物养护与驯导专业育人模式探析

在1+X证书制度下,以宠物养护与驯导专业为试点,积极探索和实践现代职业教育“产教融合、校企合作、工学结合、知行合一”的人才培养模式,以期提高本专业的育人质量。     

PRACTICAL PROBLEMS WITH VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA MACHINES

Many types of anaesthetic machines are available to practicing veterinary surgeons, ranging from the obsolescent to the most modern. To practice anaesthesia safely, veterinary surgeons should understand the functions of the machines, vaporizers, and breathing systems with which they work. In addition, veterinary surgeons should employ procedures for evaluation of their anaesthetic equipment to assure, as much as possible, safety for their patients and the personnel who use the apparatus.     

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Incidence, clinical findings, pathomorphology and pathogenesis. A review

Acute and progressive respiratory distress ("shock lung") is a well known and feared complication in human patients with a variety of underlying disorders, even though the lungs are not involved primarily. In spite of the fact that dogs, and other animals, very often have been used in experimental models studying this syndrome, "shock lungs" have not received much attention in veterinary medicine. With the improved and more intensive treatment of severely diseased animals during the last years, especially pet animals, it is reasonable to assume that the lungs will be more important as an end organ also in veterinary practice. Animals in shock, particularly if complicated with sepsis, are prone to develop progressive respiratory distress. This paper reviews the current knowledge about the clinical picture, pathology and pathogenesis of acute respiratory disease, with main emphasize on the pathogenetic mechanism.     

Selected neurotoxins

The small animal practitioner is faced with an infinite number of potential toxins in our modern environment. Unapproved usage of drugs and insecticides requires the practitioner to keep informed about the development of new toxic syndromes. Recreational drug toxicosis in animals is still seen with some frequency in clinical practice and should not be overlooked, even when the owner denies the possible exposure. In this article, we have discussed a few of the more common and newer neurotoxicities seen in clinical practice today. Neurologic toxicities are complex, but treatment can be rewarding if early diagnosis is made and aggressive therapy is instituted. The practitioner will find it worthwhile to establish contact with a toxicologist or poison information center for additional support when necessary.     

Respiratory biology and diseases of captive lizards (Sauria).

This article reviews respiratory diseases of lizards in clinics practice. A review of anatomy and physiology of the saurian respiratory tract sets the foundation for knowledge of normal function. The causes of noninfectious and infectious diseases are discussed. Diagnostic and treatment techniques to combat clinical disease are covered.     

Natural Remedies and Nutraceuticals Used in Ethnoveterinary Practices in Inland Southern Italy

Traditional animal health practices are today only rarely used in Europe, as many natural remedies applied for the treatment of animals have been replaced by modern pharmaceuticals. Modern institutionalized veterinary services tend to cover every aspect of animal health care, and influence most of the veterinary practices carried out by shepherds and farmers. However, in some areas, particularly of the Mediterranean, such traditional practices persist. Few ethnoveterinary studies have been conducted in the Mediterranean. In this survey, we analysed the natural remedies that are still in use or were used until very recently to treat animals in central Lucania (inland southern Italy). Plants constitute the mainstay of the folk-veterinary regimen (about 40 preparations), but there are also a few animal- and mineral-derived preparations. Among them, the veterinary use of Cistus incanus, Colutea arborescens, Daphne laureola, and Erigeron acer is reported for the first time. Moreover, the study identified diverse traditional plant nutraceuticals used to improve animal health, as well as the quality of milk and dairy products. An important potential output of this study may be the development of eco-sustainable integrated projects focused on the maintenance of traditional animal breeding and healthcare systems. Pharmacological and toxicological considerations relating to possible applications of the recorded traditional knowledge in modern evidence-based veterinary medicine are also discussed.     

Participatory analysis of seasonal incidences of diseases of cattle, disease vectors and rainfall in southern Sudan

During an investigation into a chronic wasting disease in southern Sudanese cattle, a participatory appraisal method called a ‘seasonal calendar’ was used to understand local perceptions of seasonal variations in cattle diseases, disease vectors, intermediate hosts and rainfall. Repetition of a standardized seasonal calendar with Dinka informants demonstrated good reproducibility of the method. Comparison of rainfall data produced by seasonal calendars and objective measures of rainfall demonstrated good validity of the seasonal calendar method. Subjective assessment of seasonal calendar scoring patterns by veterinarians indicated that herders’ perceptions of seasonal populations of biting flies, ticks and snails were similar to modern veterinary knowledge. The uses of seasonal calendars in veterinary epidemiology are discussed.     

Retinal and optic nerve diseases.

Basic knowledge of the normal appearance and variations of the equine fundus coupled with frequent practice in ophthalmology will allow equine practitioners to be confident when assessing the equine fundus during ophthalmic examinations. Once the normal variations are mastered, appreciation of retinal, choroidal, optic nerve, and vitreal abnormalities is possible. Congenital and acquired lesions of the equine retina, optic nerve, and vitreous are discussed and illustrated.     

Clinical cytogenetics in equine stud practice: Consideration of the present situation and future application

The situation in Thoroughbred breeding in relation to cytogenetics is considered and it is indicated where screening of horses will be useful in practice. The techniques involved are explained and karyotypes are illustrated. The present state of knowledge in horse cytogenetics is reviewed. The types of abnormality are described in relation to phenotype. Future promise is discussed in relation to the human field, concluding that with the refined methods now available a wider rangeof meaningful aberrations will be uncovered.     

Equine cytogenetics: role in equine veterinary practice

The prognostic use of karyotyping in equine breeding has been recommended since 1976. Specimens used and laboratory methods are described. The system of karyotype evaluation is explained together with a glossary of terms. The principal aberrations in horses are defined. The present state of knowledge in cytogenetics in horses is reviewed dealing with infertility in the mare, where sex chromosomes give clear indication of problems; the situation with respect to anomalies found in stallions and hermaphroditism is explained coupled with recent concepts of chromosomal roles in reproduction. The future potential for the application of cytogenetics in equine practice is explained in regard to the advanced techniques and knowledge in the human parallel field. It is concluded that karyotyping is an essential tool in the evaluation of reproductive problems in practice and should be used more frequently in future.     

Carriers of foot-and-mouth disease virus: a review

This review describes current knowledge about persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infections, the available methods to detect carrier animals, the properties of persisting virus, the immunological mechanisms, and the risk of transmission. In particular, knowledge about the carrier state, the period in which virus can be isolated from animals 28 days or longer post infection, is important, because the risk that animals may carry the virus will influence the diagnostic and preventive measures that need to be taken. Although many years of research have led to much knowledge about foot-and mouth disease and its causative agent, there are still numerous aspects of the virus and the disease that are not yet fully understood. Areas for further research on persistence of FMDV are discussed.     

提高《设施养殖概论》教学效果的创新途径与方法

21世纪高等学校培养的人才既要有知识,又要有能力,更应该有使知识和能力得以发挥的素质,突出基础扎实、知识面宽、能力强和素质高等方面的特点;《设施养殖概论》课的内容新、范围广,灵活性大、实用性强,创新教学思路,提高教学效果,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力,才达到理想的教学效果。本文从设施养殖的背景、现状和发展趋势等方面进行了论述,提出了提高《设施养殖概论》教学效果的创新途径与方法。